NF1 mutations in conjunctival melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Conjunctival melanoma is a potentially deadly eye tumour. Despite effective local therapies, tumour recurrence and metastasis remain frequent. The genetics of conjunctival melanomas remain incompletely understood. METHODS: A large cohort of 63 conjunctival melanomas was screened for gene mutations known to be important in other melanoma subtypes by targeted next-generation sequencing. Mutation status was correlated with patient prognosis. RESULTS: Frequent mutations in genes activating the MAP kinase pathway were identified. NF1 mutations were most frequent (n = 21, 33%). Recurrent activating mutations were also identified in BRAF (n = 16, 25%) and RAS genes (n = 12, 19%; 11 NRAS and 1 KRAS). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to cutaneous melanomas, conjunctival melanomas can be grouped genetically into four groups: BRAF-mutated, RAS-mutated, NF1-mutated and triple wild-type melanomas. This genetic classification may be useful for assessment of therapeutic options for patients with metastatic conjunctival melanoma.

Determination of the geographical origin of Brazilian wines by isotope and mineral analysis.

In the present research, we studied wines from three different south Brazilian winemaking regions with the purpose of differentiating them by geographical origin of the grapes. Brazil's wide territory and climate diversity allow grape cultivation and winemaking in many regions of different and unique characteristics. The wine grape cultivation for winemaking concentrates in the South Region, mainly in the Serra Gaúcha, the mountain area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which is responsible for 90% of the domestic wine production. However, in recent years, two new production regions have developed: the Campanha, the plains to the south and the Serra do Sudeste, the hills to the southeast of the state. Analysis of isotopic ratios of (18)O/(16)O of wine water, (13)C/(12)C of ethanol, and of minerals were used to characterize wines from different regions. The isotope analysis of δ(18)O of wine water and minerals Mg and Rb were the most efficient to differentiate the regions. By using isotope and mineral analysis, and discrimination analysis, it was possible to classify the wines from south Brazil.

International publications from the French geriatric teams: evolution in the course of last 22 years.

BACKGROUND: Bibliometry is a widely used method assessing the activity of research. AIM: Assess research activity of the French geriatric teams by bibliometry for the last 22 years and replaced it in the evolution of the French geriatrics. METHODS: Data were collected via MEDLINE through Internet PubMed. Publications from French geriatrics teams were identified using search of relevant terms for geriatrics in the field Affiliation from 1985 to 2006. Citations and abstracts were analyzed before including the publication in the study. RESULTS: We identified 692 articles published by French geriatric teams. Among them, 295 were English articles and 166 were reviews of the literature. Throughout these twenty-two years, the number of publications was consequentially increased. Nutrition and dementia-psychogeriatrics were the themes most often mentioned. The total of these publications impact factors (IF) is 753 points over the last twenty-two years, rating from 45 points between 1985 and 1989 to 330 points between 2000 and 2004. The mean score of the impact factors by publication remains relatively stable, but the number of publications having an impact factor superior to 3 increases in the course of this time interval. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric investigation points out the growing interest of the French geriatrics in clinical research, mostly oriented toward nutrition and dementia in the elderly.

Characterization of wines according the geographical origin by analysis of isotopes and minerals and the influence of harvest on the isotope values.

We studied Brazilian wines produced by microvinification from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes, vintages 2007 and 2008, from the Serra Gaúcha, Campanha and Serra do Sudeste regions, in order to differentiate them according to geographical origin by using isotope and mineral element analyses. In addition, the influence of vintage production in isotope values was verified. Isotope analysis was performed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), and the determination of minerals was by flame atomic absorption (FAA). The best parameters to classify the wines in the 2008 vintage were Rb and Li. The results of the δ(13)C of wine ethanol, Rb and Li showed a significant difference between the varieties regardless of the region studied. The δ(18)O values of water and δ(13)C of ethanol showed significant differences, regardless of the variety. Discriminant analysis of isotope and minerals values allowed to classify approximately 80% of the wines from the three regions studied.