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1.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 102(2): 191-199, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37232425

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dedicated prospective studies investigating high-definition intravascular ultrasound (HD-IVUS)-guided primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are lacking. The aim of this study was to qualify and quantify culprit lesion plaque characteristics and thrombus using HD-IVUS in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: The SPECTRUM study is a prospective, single-center, observational cohort study investigating the impact of HD-IVUS-guided primary PCI in 200 STEMI patients (NCT05007535). The first 100 study patients with a de novo culprit lesion and a per-protocol mandated preintervention pullback directly after vessel wiring were subject to a predefined imaging analysis. Culprit lesion plaque characteristics and different thrombus types were assessed. An IVUS-derived thrombus score, including a 1-point adjudication for a long total thrombus length, long occlusive thrombus length, and large maximum thrombus angle, was developed to differentiate between low (0-1 points) and high (2-3 points) thrombus burden. Optimal cut-off values were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.5 (±12.1) years and 69 (69.0%) patients were male. The median culprit lesion length was 33.5 (22.8-38.9) mm. Plaque rupture and convex calcium were appreciated in 48 (48.0%) and 10 (10.0%) patients, respectively. Thrombus was observed in 91 (91.0%) patients (acute thrombus 3.3%; subacute thrombus 100.0%; organized thrombus 22.0%). High IVUS-derived thrombus burden was present in 37/91 (40.7%) patients and was associated with higher rates of impaired final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow (grade 0-2) (27.0% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: HD-IVUS in patients presenting with STEMI allows detailed culprit lesion plaque characterization and thrombus grading that may guide tailored PCI.


Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Placa Aterosclerótica , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Trombose , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Angiografia Coronária , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia
2.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 102(1): 25-35, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37210611

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with stent underexpansion and subsequent stent failure. AIMS: We aimed to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived predictors of absolute (minimal stent area [MSA]) and relative stent expansion in calcified lesions. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with OCT assessment before and after stent implantation between May 2008 and April 2022. Pre-PCI OCT was used to assess calcium burden and post-PCI OCT was used to assess absolute and relative stent expansion. RESULTS: A total of 361 lesions in 336 patients were analyzed. Target lesion calcification (defined as OCT-detected maximum calcium angle ≥ 30°) was present in 242 (67.0%) lesions. Following PCI, median MSA was 5.37 mm2 in calcified lesions and 6.24 mm2 in noncalcified lesions (p < 0.001). Median stent expansion was 78% in calcified lesions and 83% in noncalcified lesions (p = 0.325). In the subset of calcified lesions, average stent diameter, preprocedural minimal lumen area, and total calcium length were independent predictors of MSA in multivariable analysis (mean difference 2.69 mm2 /mm2 , 0.52 mm2 /mm, and -0.28 mm2 /5 mm, respectively, all p < 0.001). Total stent length was the only independent predictor of relative stent expansion (mean difference -0.465% per mm, p < 0.001). Calcium angle, thickness, and the presence of nodular calcification were not significantly associated with MSA or stent expansion in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION: Calcium length appeared to be the most important OCT-derived predictor of MSA, whereas stent expansion was mainly determined by total stent length.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Calcificação Vascular , Humanos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cálcio , Resultado do Tratamento , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcificação Vascular/terapia , Calcificação Vascular/patologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/patologia , Stents , Angiografia Coronária/métodos
3.
Neth Heart J ; 31(5): 196-201, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36507948

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In January 2021, the Diamondback 360 orbital atherectomy (OA) system received CE mark approval and became available in Europe. The first procedure in Europe was performed at the Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. AIMS: To report the procedural safety and efficacy of the initial experience with OA in a tertiary care institution in the Netherlands. METHODS: Patients with de novo severely calcified coronary artery disease who were treated with intended invasive imaging-guided OA were included in a prospective single-centre registry. Device success, defined as less than 50% stenosis after OA, and procedural success, defined as successful stent implantation with less than 50% residual stenosis, were evaluated. Calcium debulking effects were assessed by invasive imaging. Safety was assessed up to 30 days after the index procedure. RESULTS: Between February 2021 and June 2021, 29 patients with a total of 39 coronary arteries underwent OA. Target lesions were heavily calcified with a mean length of 32 mm and a calcium arc of 320 degrees. Invasive imaging was applied in all but one patient and 36 vessels. Superficial sanding was observed in almost all vessels (90%) and fracturing of deeper medial calcium in more than half of the vessels (63%), with a device success of 66% and procedural success of 94%. The mean stent symmetry index was 0.84, indicating good circular stent expansion. No primary safety events occurred during 30 days of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our initial experience with OA for heavily calcified coronary lesions demonstrated favourable debulking effects and plaque modification, with high procedural success and clinical safety.

4.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 96(3): E204-E212, 2020 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31789481

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the very long-term clinical outcome after radioactive stent (RS) implantation and intracoronary ß radiation brachytherapy (IRBT). BACKGROUND: Radioactive stents (RS) and intracoronary ß radiation brachytherapy (IRBT) were introduced to prevent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Both techniques were associated with a higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in the short and intermediate-term follow up as compared to conventional PCI. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three patients received radioactive stents (32 P) and 301 patients were treated with IRBT adjunctive to PCI. These groups were propensity matched to respectively 266 and 602 control patients who were treated with routine PCI during the same inclusion period. Endpoints were all-cause mortality and MACE, defined as all-cause death, any myocardial infarction or any revascularization. RESULTS: Median follow-up duration was 17 years. All-cause mortality rates were similar in all groups. Adjusted hazard ratios for MACE and mortality in the RS cohort were 1.55 (95% CI 1.20-2.00) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.63-1.34), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for MACE and all-cause mortality in the IRBT cohort were 1.41 (95% CI 1.18-1.67) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.74-1.21), respectively. The difference in MACE rates was predominantly driven by coronary revascularizations in both groups, with a higher MI rate in the IRBT group as well. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary radiation therapy was associated with early increased MACE rates, but the difference in MACE rates decreased beyond 2 years, resulting in a comparable long-term clinical outcome. Importantly, no excess in mortality was observed.


Assuntos
Braquiterapia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Reestenose Coronária/prevenção & controle , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Stents , Idoso , Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos , Braquiterapia/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Reestenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Reestenose Coronária/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 39(11): 2338-2352, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31554418

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In an adult porcine model of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), coronary plaque development was characterized. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed inter-individual variation in disease severity, detailed lipoprotein profiles were determined. Approach and Results: FH pigs (3 years old, homozygous LDLR R84C mutation) received an atherogenic diet for 12 months. Coronary atherosclerosis development was monitored using serial invasive imaging and histology. A pronounced difference was observed between mildly diseased pigs which exclusively developed early lesions (maximal plaque burden, 25% [23%-34%]; n=5) and advanced-diseased pigs (n=5) which developed human-like, lumen intruding plaques (maximal plaque burden, 69% [57%-77%]) with large necrotic cores, intraplaque hemorrhage, and calcifications. Advanced-diseased pigs and mildly diseased pigs displayed no differences in conventional risk factors. Additional plasma lipoprotein profiling by size-exclusion chromatography revealed 2 different LDL (low-density lipoprotein) subtypes: regular and larger LDL. Cholesterol, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide, and sphingomyelin levels were determined in these LDL-subfractions using standard laboratory techniques and high-pressure liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry analyses, respectively. At 3 months of diet, regular LDL of advanced-diseased pigs contained relatively more cholesterol (LDL-C; regular/larger LDL-C ratio 1.7 [1.3-1.9] versus 0.8 [0.6-0.9]; P=0.008) than mildly diseased pigs, while larger LDL contained more sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, and sphingomyelins. Larger and regular LDL was also found in plasma of 3 patients with homozygous FH with varying LDL-C ratios. CONCLUSIONS: In our adult FH pig model, inter-individual differences in atherosclerotic disease severity were directly related to the distribution of cholesterol and sphingolipids over a distinct LDL profile with regular and larger LDL shortly after the diet start. A similar LDL profile was detected in patients with homozygous FH.


Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/patologia , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/sangue , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/patologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangue , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Animais , LDL-Colesterol/classificação , Dieta Aterogênica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Esfingolipídeos/sangue , Suínos
6.
Heart Lung Circ ; 29(6): 874-882, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31353214

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect detailed plaque features in native coronary arteries. Stent struts cause shadows that partially obscure the vessel wall, but plaque features can still be seen. We investigated the impact of stent artefact on plaque quantification and whether the plaque behind struts is associated with microvascular dysfunction. METHODS: Patients retrospectively recruited from two centres, underwent OCT pre- and post-stenting on the same vessel segment. Lipid (LA) and calcium (CA) were measured as arcs. Macrophages, microchannels and cholesterol crystals were counted. Subsequently, we determined whether stented plaque features were associated with reduced Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade in consecutive patients who underwent OCT post-stenting. RESULTS: In 52 patients the lipid arc was similar pre- vs post-stent: median (55º [13º-93º] vs. 40º [18º-87°]; difference 1º [-7º to 16º], p = NS). Pre- and post-stent lipid were strongly correlated (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). In a further 128 patients those with reduced (TIMI ≤ II) vs normal flow post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) showed more plaque behind struts: lipid (89º [50º-139º] vs 62º [29º-88°]; p < 0.001); and calcium (24º [6º-45º] vs 7° [0º-34º]; p = 0.031). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal TIMI flow post-stenting was associated with diabetes (Odds ratio [OR] 2.87, CI 1.01-8.19, p = 0.048), LA (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.14-1.38, p < 0.001) and CA (OR 1.26, CI 1.07-1.40, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Plaque behind the struts can be accurately quantified using OCT. Furthermore, OCT plaque features in stented segments are associated with microvascular dysfunction post PCI.


Assuntos
Artefatos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico , Stents/efeitos adversos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Placa Aterosclerótica/etiologia , Falha de Prótese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Am Heart J ; 213: 66-72, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31128504

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a significant predictor of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The rationale for low post procedural FFR values often remains elusive based on angiographic findings alone, warranting further assessment using an FFR pullback or additional intravascular imaging. It is currently unknown if additional interventions intended to improve the PCI, decrease MACE rates. STUDY DESIGN: The FFR REACT trial is a prospective, single-center randomized controlled trial in which 290 patients with a post PCI FFR <0.90 will be randomized (1:1) to either standard of care (no additional intervention) or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-directed optimization of the FFR (treatment arm). Eligible patients are those treated with angiographically successful PCI for (un)stable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Assuming 45% of patients will have a post PCI FFR <0.90, approximately 640 patients undergoing PCI will need to be enrolled. Patients with a post PCI FFR ≥ 0.90 will be enrolled in a prospective registry. The primary end point is defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel MI and clinically driven target vessel revascularisation (target vessel failure) at 1 year. Secondary end points will consist of individual components of the primary end point, procedural success, stent thrombosis and correlations on clinical outcome, changes in post PCI Pd/Pa and FFR and IVUS derived dimensions. All patients will be followed for 3 years. CONCLUSION: The FFR-REACT trial is designed to explore the potential benefit of HD-IVUS-guided PCI optimization in patients with a post PCI FFR <0.90 (Dutch trial register: NTR6711).


Assuntos
Angina Estável/terapia , Endossonografia/métodos , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Angina Estável/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Revascularização Miocárdica , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Padrão de Cuidado
8.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 90(1): 58-69, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27896897

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Limited data are currently available on the performance of everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) for treatment of complex coronary lesions representative of daily practice. METHODS: This is a prospective, mono-center, single-arm study, reporting data after BVS implantation in patients presenting with stable, unstable angina, or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by de novo stenotic lesions in native coronary arteries. No restrictions were applied to lesion complexity. Procedural results and 12-month clinical outcomes were reported. RESULTS: A total of 180 patients have been evaluated in the present study, with 249 treated coronary lesions. Device Success per lesion was 99.2%. A total of 119 calcified lesions were treated. Comparable results were observed among severe, moderate and noncalcified lesions in term of %diameter stenosis (%DS) (20.3 ± 10.5%, 17.8 ± 7.7%, 16.8 ± 8.6%; P = 0.112) and acute gain (1.36 ± 0.41 mm, 1.48 ± 0.44 mm, 1.56 ± 0.54 mm; P = 0.109). In bifurcations (54 lesions), side-branch ballooning after main vessel treatment was often performed (33.3%) with low rate of side-branch impairment (9.3%). A total of 29 cases with coronary total occlusions were treated. After BVS implantation %DS was not different from other lesion types (17.2 ± 9.4%, vs. 17.7 ± 8.6%; P = 0.780). At one year, all-cause mortality was reported in three cases. The rate of target lesion revascularization and target vessel revascularization was 3.3%. The rate of definite scaffold thrombosis was 2.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of the everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold in an expanded range of coronary lesion types and clinical presentations was observed to be feasible with promising angiographic results and mid-term clinical outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Assuntos
Implantes Absorvíveis , Angina Estável/terapia , Angina Instável/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/instrumentação , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Estenose Coronária/terapia , Everolimo/administração & dosagem , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Calcificação Vascular/terapia , Idoso , Angina Estável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Estável/mortalidade , Angina Instável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Instável/mortalidade , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/mortalidade , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efeitos adversos , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Coronária/mortalidade , Everolimo/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/mortalidade , Seleção de Pacientes , Vigilância de Produtos Comercializados , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcificação Vascular/mortalidade
9.
Eur Heart J ; 35(10): 639-47, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24255128

RESUMO

AIMS: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are mostly caused by plaque rupture. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of in vivo detection of high-risk coronary plaques by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between November 2008 and January 2011, IVUS of a non-culprit coronary artery was performed in 581 patients who underwent coronary angiography for ACS (n = 318) or stable angina (n = 263). Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) defined as mortality, ACS, or unplanned coronary revascularization. Culprit lesion-related events were not counted. Cumulative Kaplan-Meier incidence of 1-year MACE was 7.8%. The presence of IVUS virtual histology-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) lesions (present 10.8% vs. absent 5.6%; adjusted HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.09-3.60; P = 0.026) and lesions with a plaque burden of ≥70% (present 16.2% vs. absent 5.5%; adjusted HR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.60-5.25; P < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher MACE rate. Thin-cap fibroatheroma lesions were also independently associated with the composite of death or ACS only (present 7.5% vs. absent 3.0%; adjusted HR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.15-5.49; P = 0.021). Thin-cap fibroatheroma lesions with a plaque burden of ≥70% were associated with a higher MACE rate within (P = 0.011) and after (P < 0.001) 6 months of follow-up, while smaller TCFA lesions were only associated with a higher MACE rate after 6 months (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing coronary angiography, the presence of IVUS virtual histology-derived TCFA lesions in a non-culprit coronary artery is strongly and independently predictive for the occurrence of MACE within 1 year, particularly of death and ACS. Thin-cap fibroatheroma lesions with a large plaque burden carry higher risk than small TCFA lesions, especially on the short term.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Angina Estável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Estável/etiologia , Angiografia Coronária , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Eur Heart J ; 35(12): 777-86, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24394380

RESUMO

AIMS: We evaluated the feasibility and the acute performance of the everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) for the treatment of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: The present investigation is a prospective, single-arm, single-centre study, reporting data after the BVS implantation in STEMI patients. Quantitative coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were evaluated. Clinical outcomes are reported at the 30-day follow-up. The intent-to-treat population comprises a total of 49 patients. The procedural success was 97.9%. Pre-procedure TIMI-flow was 0 in 50.0% of the patients; after the BVS implantation, a TIMI-flow III was achieved in 91.7% of patients and the post-procedure percentage diameter stenosis was 14.7 ± 8.2%. No patients had angiographically visible residual thrombus at the end of the procedure. Optical coherence tomography analysis performed in 31 patients showed that the post-procedure mean lumen area was 8.02 ± 1.92 mm(2), minimum lumen area 5.95 ± 1.61 mm(2), mean incomplete scaffold apposition area 0.118 ± 0.162 mm(2), mean intraluminal defect area 0.013 ± 0.017 mm(2), and mean percentage malapposed struts per patient 2.80 ± 3.90%. Scaffolds with >5% malapposed struts were 7. At the 30-day follow-up, target-lesion failure rate was 0%. Non-target-vessel revascularization and target-vessel myocardial infarction (MI) were reported. A non-target-vessel non-Q-wave MI occurred. No cases of cardiac death or scaffold thrombosis were observed. CONCLUSION: In the present series, the BVS implantation in patients presenting with acute MI appeared feasible, with high rate of final TIMI-flow III and good scaffold apposition. Larger studies are currently needed to confirm these preliminary data.


Assuntos
Stents Farmacológicos , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Alicerces Teciduais , Moduladores de Tubulina/administração & dosagem , Implantes Absorvíveis , Everolimo , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Tempo para o Tratamento , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 83(7): E233-42, 2014 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22109902

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: iMAP is a new intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) derived technique for tissue characterization using spectral analysis. Since there is a need for reproducibility data to design longitudinal studies, we sought to assess the in vivo reproducibility of this imaging technique. METHODS: iMAP (40 MHz, Boston Scientific Corporation) was performed in patients referred for elective percutaneous intervention and in whom a nonintervened vessel was judged suitable for a safe IVUS analysis. Overall 20 patients with 20 non-angiographically significant lesions were assessed by two independent observers. Five of these 20 patients received an additional iMAP analysis using a new IVUS catheter and using the same catheter after its engagement and reengagement. RESULTS: The interobserver relative difference in plaque area was 2.5%. Limits of agreement for lumen, vessel, and plaque area measurements were 1.62, -2.47 mm(2) ; 2.09, -3.71 mm(2) ; 2.80, -3.72 mm(2) ; respectively. Limits of agreement for fibrotic, lipidic, necrotic, and calcified measurements were 1.32, -1.44 mm(2) ; 0.24, -0.36 mm(2) ; 1.50, -2.26 mm(2) ; 0.09, -0.11 mm(2) ; respectively. The intercatheter and intracatheter relative difference in plaque area were 0.9% and 4.1%, respectively. Although the variability for compositional measurements increased using two different catheters or using the same catheter twice, the variability for compositional measurements keeps always below 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis demonstrates that the geometrical and compositional iMAP analysis is acceptably reproducible.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Idoso , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 10683, 2023 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37393320

RESUMO

Safety and efficacy of coronary drug-eluting stents (DES) are often preclinically tested using healthy or minimally diseased swine. These generally show significant fibrotic neointima at follow-up, while in patients, incomplete healing is often observed. The aim of this study was to investigate neointima responses to DES in swine with significant coronary atherosclerosis. Adult familial hypercholesterolemic swine (n = 6) received a high fat diet to develop atherosclerosis. Serial OCT was performed before, directly after, and 28 days after DES implantation (n = 14 stents). Lumen, stent and plaque area, uncovered struts, neointima thickness and neointima type were analyzed for each frame and averaged per stent. Histology was performed to show differences in coronary atherosclerosis. A range of plaque size and severity was found, from healthy segments to lipid-rich plaques. Accordingly, neointima responses ranged from uncovered struts, to minimal neointima, to fibrotic neointima. Lower plaque burden resulted in a fibrotic neointima at follow-up, reminiscent of minimally diseased swine coronary models. In contrast, higher plaque burden resulted in minimal neointima and more uncovered struts at follow-up, similarly to patients' responses. The presence of lipid-rich plaques resulted in more uncovered struts, which underscores the importance of advanced disease when performing safety and efficacy testing of DES.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Stents Farmacológicos , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II , Anormalidades da Pele , Animais , Suínos , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Neointima , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/terapia , Placa Amiloide , Lipídeos
13.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv ; 16(14): 1763-1773, 2023 07 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37354158

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Segmental postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) pressure gradients may detect residual disease and potential targets for optimization. However, universal definitions of relevant segmental gradients are lacking. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of post-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR), distal coronary pressure-to-aortic pressure ratio (Pd/Pa), and diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) gradients to detect residual focal lesions and stent underexpansion as observed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS: Patients from the IVUS-guided optimization arm of the FFR REACT (FFR-guided PCI Optimization Directed by High-Definition IVUS Versus Standard of Care) trial with complete IVUS and FFR pullback data were included. Patients with angiographically successful PCI and post-PCI FFR <0.90 underwent FFR, Pd/Pa, and IVUS pullbacks. dPR was calculated offline using dedicated software. Segmental pressure gradients (distal, in stent, and proximal) in segments ≥5 mm were evaluated against IVUS-detected residual disease (distal or proximal focal lesions and stent underexpansion). RESULTS: A total of 139 vessels were included (mean post-PCI FFR: 0.83 ± 0.05, range 0.56-0.89). Focal distal and proximal lesions were detected by IVUS in 23 (17.4%) of 132 and 14 (12.6%) of 111 vessels, respectively, whereas stent underexpansion was present in 86 (61.9%) vessels. Diagnostic ability of segmental FFR gradients to predict IVUS-detected distal and proximal lesions was moderate-to-good (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.69 and 0.84, respectively) and poor to moderate for segmental Pd/Pa and dPR gradients (AUC ranging from 0.58 to 0.69). In-stent gradients had no discriminative ability to detect stent underexpansion (FFR AUC: 0.52; Pd/Pa AUC: 0.54; dPR AUC: 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with post-PCI FFR <0.90, segmental post-PCI pressure gradients have moderate discriminative ability to identify IVUS-detected focal lesions but no discriminative ability to identify IVUS-detected stent underexpansion.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , Angiografia Coronária , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Stents , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
14.
Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc ; 47: 101217, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37576077

RESUMO

Background: Recently, non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) have been validated as a reliable alternative to fractional flow reserve (FFR). However, a discordance between FFR and NHPRs is observed in 20-25% of cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate predictors of discordance between FFR and diastolic Pressure ratio (dPR). Methods: PREDICT is a retrospective, single center, investigator-initiated study including 813 patients (1092vessels) who underwent FFR assessment of intermediate coronary lesions (angiographic 30%-80% stenosis). dPR was calculated using individual pressure waveforms and dedicated software. Clinical, angiographic and hemodynamic variables were compared between patients with concordant and discordant FFR and dPR values. Results: Median age was 65 (IQR:59-73) years and 70% were male. Hemodynamically significant lesions, as defined by FFR ≤ 0.80, and dPR ≤ 0.89, were identified in 29.6% and 30.3% of cases, respectively. Overall, FFR and dPR values were discordant in 22.1% patients (17.4% of the vessels). Discordance was related to FFR+/dPR- and FFR-/dPR + in 11.8% and 10.3% of patients, respectively.In case of FFR-dPR discordance, a higher prevalence of left anterior descending arteries lesions was observed (70.5% vs. 53.1%, p < 0.001) and mean values of both FFR and dPR were significantly lower (FFR 0.81 ± 0.05 vs 0.85 ± 0.08, p < 0.001, and dPR 0.89 ± 0.04 vs 0.92 ± 0.08,p < 0.001) as compared to vessels with FFR and dPR concordance. Following multivariable adjustment, dPR delta (defined as the absolute difference between measured dPR to the cut-off value of 0.89) turned out to be the only independent predictor of discordance (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.68-0.79, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that FFR-to-dPR discordance occurs in approximately one-fifth of patients. Absolute dPR delta appears to be the only independent predictor of discordance.

15.
J Invasive Cardiol ; 34(9): E686-E688, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35738562

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vessel fractional flow reserve (vFFR) has a high diagnostic accuracy in assessing functional lesion significance compared with FFR. Nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) were noninferior to FFR to guide revascularization of intermediate lesions. Therefore, the diagnostic performance of vFFR compared with NHPR warrants interest. AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of vFFR with a generic diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) as a reference. METHODS: The study population was derived from the FAST EXTEND and FAST II studies. Between January 2016 and September 2020, a total of 475 patients were enrolled. RESULTS: Median dPR was 0.92 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.87-0.95), median vFFR was 0.86 (IQR, 0.80-0.90). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of vFFR ≤0.80 for dPR ≤0.89 were 66%, 92%, 79%, 85%, and 84%, respectively. Vessel FFR showed a good agreement with dPR (r=0.68), consistent among specific clinical lesion subsets and a high diagnostic accuracy for dPR ≤0.89 (area under the curve=0.89). Discordance between vFFR and dPR was observed in 78/492 cases (15.6%) and logistic regression analysis did not reveal any clinical, angiographic, or hemodynamic variables associated with vFFR and dPR discordance. CONCLUSION: Vessel FFR shows a good agreement with dPR and a high diagnostic accuracy for dPR ≤0.89.


Assuntos
Estenose Coronária , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Pressão Sanguínea , Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Diástole , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
16.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med ; 35: 110-118, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33839051

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Identification of the culprit lesion in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) allows appropriate coronary revascularization but may be unclear in patients with multivessel coronary disease (MVD). Therefore, we investigated the rate of culprit lesion identification during coronary angiography in NSTE-ACS and multivessel disease. METHODS/MATERIALS: Consecutive patients presenting with NSTE-ACS and MVD, between January 2012 and December 2016 were evaluated. Coronary angiograms, intravascular imaging, and ECGs were analyzed for culprit lesion identification. Long-term clinical outcomes in terms of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and mortality were reported in patients with or without culprit identification. RESULTS: A total of 1107 patients with NSTE-ACS and MVD were included in the analysis, 310 (28.0%) with unstable angina and 797 (72.0%) with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. The culprit lesion was angiographically identified in 952 (86.0%) patients, while no clear culprit lesion was found in 155 (14.0%) patients. ECG analysis allowed to predict the location of the culprit vessel with low sensitivity (range 28.4%-36.7%) and high specificity (range 90.6%-96.5%). Higher lesion complexity was associated with inability to identify the culprit. Intravascular imaging was applied in 55 patients and helped to identify the culprit lesion in 53 patients (96.4%). There was no difference in all-cause mortality (21.4% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.24) and MACE (39.2% vs. 47.6%, p = 0.07) between the cohorts with or without culprit lesion identification by angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The culprit lesion appeared unclear by coronary angiography in >10% of patients with NSTE-ACS and MVD. Complementary invasive imaging substantially enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of culprit lesion detection.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Angina Instável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Instável/terapia , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Humanos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Open Heart ; 9(1)2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35437257

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) improves clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) but dedicated prospective studies assessing the safety and efficacy of IVUS guidance during primary PCI are lacking. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The SPECTRUM study is a prospective investigator-initiated single-centre single-arm observational cohort study aiming to enrol 200 patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarct undergoing IVUS-guided primary PCI. IVUS will be performed at baseline, postintervention and postoptimisation (if applicable), using a 40-60 MHz high-definition (HD) system. Baseline tissue characterisation includes the morphological description of culprit lesion plaque characteristics and thrombus as assessed with HD-IVUS. The primary endpoint is target vessel failure at 12 months (defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction and clinically driven target vessel revascularisation). The secondary outcome of interest is IVUS-guided optimisation, defined as IVUS-guided additional balloon dilatation or stent placement. Other endpoints include clinical and procedural outcomes along with post-PCI IVUS findings. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Written informed consent is obtained from all patients. Study findings will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals in the field of cardiovascular imaging and interventions and will be presented at international scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05007535.


Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção
18.
Int J Cardiol ; 359: 14-19, 2022 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35421516

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vessel Fractional Flow Reserve (vFFR) as assessed by three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography has high correlation with pressure wire-based fractional flow reserve in both a pre- and post-PCI setting. The present study aims to assess the prognostic value of post-PCI vFFR on the incidence of target vessel failure (TVF), a composite endpoint of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 5-year follow up. METHODS: Post-PCI vFFR was calculated after routine PCI in a total of 748 patients (832 vessels) with available orthogonal angiographic projections of the stented segment. RESULTS: Median age was 65 (IQR 55-74) years, 18.2% were diabetic, and 29.1% presented with stable angina. Median post-PCI vFFR was 0.91 (IQR 0.86-0.95). Vessels were categorized into tertiles based on post-PCI vFFR: low (vFFR <0.88), middle (vFFR 0.88-0.93), and upper (vFFR ≥0.94). Vessels in the lower and middle tertile were more often LADs and had smaller stent diameters (p<0.001). Vessels in the lower and middle tertile had a higher risk of TVF as compared to vessels in the upper tertile (24.6% and 21.5% vs. 17.1%; adjusted HR 1.84 (95%CI 1.15-2.95), p = 0.011, and 1.58 (95%CI 1.02-2.45), p = 0.040) at 5-years follow-up. Additionally, vessels in the lower tertile had higher rates of TVR as compared to vessels in the higher tertile (12.6% vs. 6.5%, adjusted HR 1.93 (95%CI 1.06-3.53), p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Lower post-PCI vFFR values are associated with a significantly increased risk of TVF and TVR at 5-years follow-up.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
J Invasive Cardiol ; 34(11): E811-E819, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36318461

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Thinner stent struts might lead to a higher risk of recoil and subsequently a smaller minimal stent area (MSA), which is known to be the strongest predictor of stent failure. We compared procedural performance between an ultrathin-strut biodegradable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES) and a durable-polymer zotarolimus-eluting stent (DP-ZES) using intracoronary imaging. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with either BP-SES or DP-ZES in a pseudorandomized fashion between July 2018 and October 2019. In the present subanalysis, we included cases in which post-PCI imaging with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. The primary endpoint of the study was MSA. Secondary endpoints included percentage stent expansion and presence of residual edge disease, malapposition, tissue protrusion, submedial edge dissections, or edge hematoma. RESULTS: A total of 141 treated lesions (78 BP-SES and 63 DP-ZES) in 127 patients were analyzed. Median age was 69.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 57.3-75.6) and 74.0% of patients were male. All baseline and procedural characteristics were comparable between both groups. Median MSA was 5.80 mm² (IQR, 4.40-7.24) for BP-SES and 6.35 mm² (IQR, 4.76-8.31) for DP-ZES (P=.15). No significant differences in stent expansion, residual edge disease and presence of malapposition, tissue protrusion, submedial edge dissections, or edge hematomas were found. Stent diameter and stent length were found to be independent predictors of MSA. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in MSA were found between lesions treated with BP-SES vs DP-ZES. BP-SES and DP-ZES were comparable in terms of procedural performance.


Assuntos
Fármacos Cardiovasculares , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Stents Farmacológicos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Everolimo , Implantes Absorvíveis , Polímeros , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Desenho de Prótese , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv ; 15(16): 1595-1607, 2022 08 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35981832

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) fractional flow reserve (FFR) <0.90 is common and has been related to impaired patient outcome. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to evaluate if PCI optimization directed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with post-PCI FFR <0.90 could improve 1-year target vessel failure (TVF) rates. METHODS: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind trial, patients with a post-PCI FFR <0.90 at the time of angiographically successful PCI were randomized to IVUS-guided optimization or the standard of care (control arm). The primary endpoint was TVF (a composite of cardiac death, spontaneous target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization) at 1 year. RESULTS: A total of 291 patients with post-PCI FFR <0.90 were randomized (IVUS-guided optimization arm: n = 145/152 vessels, control arm: n = 146/157 vessels). The mean post-PCI FFR was 0.84 ± 0.05. A total of 104 (68.4%) vessels in the IVUS-guided optimization arm underwent additional optimization including additional stenting (34.9%) or postdilatation only (33.6%), resulting in a mean increase in post-PCI FFR in these vessels from 0.82 ± 0.06 to 0.85 ± 0.05 (P < 0.001) and a post-PCI FFR ≥0.90 in 20% of the vessels. The 1-year TVF rate was comparable between the 2 study arms (IVUS-guided optimization arm: 4.2%, control arm: 4.8%; P = 0.79). There was a trend toward a lower incidence of clinically driven target vessel revascularization in the IVUS-guided optimization arm (0.7% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: IVUS-guided post-PCI FFR optimization significantly improved post-PCI FFR. Because of lower-than-expected event rates, post-PCI FFR optimization did not significantly lower TVF at the 1-year follow-up.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Humanos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Padrão de Cuidado , Resultado do Tratamento
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