Potential signaling pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor in lung cancer and its gene polymorphism with lung cancer risk.

Lung cancer is becoming the leading cause of cancer death worldwide with highest morbidity and mortality, and knowing the pathogenesis and signaling pathway is very important and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are urgently needed. Gene polymorphism was reported to be associated with the lung cancer risk. We reviewed the potential signaling pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor in lung cancer and conducted a meta-analysis to explore its gene polymorphism with lung cancer risk. In the meta-analysis, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) G1790A A allele, AA genotype and GG genotype were associated with lung cancer risk (A allele: OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.77-3.02, p < 0.00001; AA genotype: OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 2.31-8.83, p < 0.0001; GG genotype: OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33-0.63, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, HIF-1α C1772 TT genotype and CC genotype were associated with lung cancer risk, but the T allele was not. In conclusion, HIF-1α G1790A A allele, AA genotype and GG genotype, HIF-1α C1772 TT genotype and CC genotype were associated with lung cancer risk. However, more studies should be performed to confirm it.

Role of toll-like receptors in myocardial infarction.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and TLRs recognize invading pathogens through molecular pattern recognition, and ultimately lead to the activation of transcription factors and inflammatory responses. Myocardial infarction leads to changes in the remodeling of the left ventricle of the heart, and the degree and type of remodeling provides important diagnostic information for the therapeutic management of ischemic heart disease. Innate immune takes a most important role in myocardial infarction. There are some studies reporting that TLRs play an important role in the myocardial infarction. The literatures were searched extensively and this review was performed to review the role of TLRs in myocardial infarction.

Signaling pathway of MAPK/ERK in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence and apoptosis.

The generic mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway is shared by four distinct cascades, including the extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2), Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38-MAPK and ERK5. Mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway is reported to be associated with the cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence and apoptosis. The literatures were searched extensively and this review was performed to review the role of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence and apoptosis.

Multi-center experience in an optimized right upper lobectomy surgical procedure in China.

BACKGROUND: This multi-center study was aimed at retrospectively evaluating the feasibility, safety, clinical outcomes, and surgical learning curve of an optimized procedure for right upper lobectomy (RUL), which is challenging because of the anatomical structures and features of this lobe. METHODS: This study included 45 RUL cases of robot-assisted thoracoscopy (RATS) in a pilot cohort and 187 RUL cases of video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) in three cohorts. A total of 121 and 111 patients underwent traditional and optimized RUL, respectively. The optimized surgical procedure was performed to consecutively transect the superior arterial trunk and bronchus, and finally disconnect the pulmonary vein and posterior ascending artery with interlobar fissures. Clinical and radiological data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Optimized RUL can be performed successfully by RATS or VATS. The optimized procedure yielded better clinical outcomes than the traditional procedure, including shorter operation times, less blood loss, fewer complications, shorter hospital times, lower costs, and a lower likelihood of postoperative intermedius bronchial kinking. Additionally, for calcified interlobar lymph nodes, the optimized VATS group was less likely to be converted to thoracotomy than the traditional group. The skills required to perform optimized VATS RUL can be gained by surgeons after 12 to 15 cases. The two RUL procedures in the pilot cohort showed similar disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized RUL was safe, economical, and feasible, with a short learning curve and satisfactory disease-free survival.

An updated meta-analysis of the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer.

AIM OF STUDY: There were many reports published on the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer in these years. In previous, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between GSTT1 null/presence gene polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. This study was conducted to update it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The association studies were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library on March 1, 2016. RESULTS: Sixty-three reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of null genotype of GSTT1 with lung cancer susceptibility, consisting of 21,220 patients with lung cancer and 21,496 controls. There was a marked association between GSTT1 null genotype and lung cancer risk in overall populations and in Asians (overall populations: Odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07-1.28, P = 0.006; Asians: OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.62, P < 0.00001). However, GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in Caucasians, Brazilian population, and Africans. CONCLUSION: GSTT1 null genotype is associated with the lung cancer risk in overall populations and in Asians.

An updated meta-analysis for association of glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility of lung cancer.

AIM OF STUDY: The conclusions on the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk are still debated. This meta-analysis was performed to update the association between GSTP1 and the risk of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The association investigations were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. RESULTS: Fifty reports were included into this meta-analysis for the association of GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility. The association between GSTPI G allele/GG genotype and lung cancer risk was found in this meta-analysis (G allele: odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.14, P = 0.006; GG genotype: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.18, P = 0.04). However, the AA genotype was not associated with the susceptibility of lung cancer. CONCLUSION: GSTP1 G allele/GG genotype is associated with the lung cancer susceptibility.

[Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on FVEP in the rabbit with separated monocular optic nerve].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on the visual system and the mechanism. METHODS: Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into a "Hegu" (Ll 4) group and a "Taixi" (KI 3) group, 12 rabbits in each group. The rabbit model with separated monocular optic nerve was developed, cutting the link between the retina with the center, but do not injure the blood circulation in the retina. The effect of electroacupuncture on flicker vision evoked potential (FVEP) was investigated. RESULTS: When the optic nerve was cut off, the distal fibers of descending regulating the retina were cut off, the FVEP of the operative eye extinguished. Elctroacupuncture at "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Taixi" (KI 3) at various stages have stronger inhibiting action on the latent time and amplitudes of N1, P1, N2 of FVEP, marked by prolongation of the latent time of peak, and obvious decrease of the amplitude. And this inhibiting action has difference of acupoints. CONCLUSION: The distal fiber plays a certain role in the process of electroacupuncture influencing flicker electroretinogram (FERG) and FVEP, but the effect of acupuncture on FERG is induced through the distal fibers to influence the retina in a limited extent, but not through the central descending inhibition.