Emergence of Optical Anisotropy in Moiré Superlattice via Heterointerface Engineering.

The interaction between light and moiré superlattices presents a platform for exploring unique light-matter phenomena. Tailoring these optical properties holds immense potential for advancing the utilization of moiré superlattices in photonics, optoelectronics, and valleytronics. However, the control of the optical polarization state in moiré superlattices, particularly in the presence of moiré effects, remains elusive. Here, we unveil the emergence of optical anisotropy in moiré superlattices by constructing twisted WSe2/WSe2/SiP heterostructures. We report a linear polarization degree of ∼70% for moiré excitons, attributed to the spatially nonuniform charge distribution, corroborated by first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the modulation of this linear polarization state via the application of a magnetic field, resulting in polarization angle rotation and a magnetic-field-dependent linear polarization degree, influenced by valley coherence and moiré potential effects. Our findings demonstrate an efficient strategy for tuning the optical polarization state of moiré superlattices using heterointerface engineering.

Anomalous Phonon Behavior and Tunable Exciton Emissions: Insights into Pressure-Driven Dynamics in Silicon Phosphide.

IV-V two-dimensional materials have emerged as key contenders for polarization-sensitive and angle-resolved devices, given their inherent anisotropic physical properties. While these materials exhibit intriguing high-pressure quasi-particle behavior and phase transition, the evolution of quasi-particles and their interactions under external pressure remain elusive. Here, employing a diamond anvil cell and spectroscopic measurements coupled with first-principles calculations, we unveil rarely observed pressure-induced phonon-phonon coupling in layered SiP flakes. This coupling manifests as an anomalous phonon hardening behavior for the A1 mode within a broad wavenumber phonon softening region. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effective tuning of exciton emissions in SiP flakes under pressure, revealing a remarkable 63% enhancement in the degree of polarization (DOP) within the pressure range of 0-3.5 GPa. These findings contribute to our understanding of high-pressure phonon evolution in SiP materials and offer a strategic approach to manipulate the anisotropic performance of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials.

An entropy-based approach for assessing the directional persistence of cell migration.

Cell migration, which is primarily characterized by directional persistence, is essential for the development of normal tissues and organs, as well as for numerous pathological processes. However, there is a lack of simple and efficient tools to analyze the systematic properties of persistence based on cellular trajectory data. Here, we present a novel approach, the entropy of angular distribution , which combines cellular turning dynamics and Shannon entropy to explore the statistical and time-varying properties of persistence that strongly correlate with cellular migration modes. Our results reveal the changes in the persistence of multiple cell lines that are tightly regulated by both intra- and extracellular cues, including Arpin protein, collagen gel/substrate, and physical constraints. Significantly, some previously unreported distinctive details of persistence have also been captured, helping to elucidate how directional persistence is distributed and evolves in different cell populations. The analysis suggests that the entropy of angular distribution-based approach provides a powerful metric for evaluating directional persistence and enables us to better understand the relationships between cellular behaviors and multiscale cues, which also provides some insights into the migration dynamics of cell populations, such as collective cell invasion.

The impact of matched and mismatched donor-recipient genotypes for MDR1 polymorphisms (G2677TA, C1236T and C3435T) on the outcomes of patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

In this study, we investigated whether matched and mismatched multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) genotypes (G2677TA, C1236T and C3435T) were associated with prognosis in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). One hundred patients after transplantation and their donors were enrolled. Matched MDR1 G2677TA donor-recipient was associated with an increased risk of non-relapse mortality (NRM) (29.5% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.002), poor overall survival (OS) (51.7% vs. 63.8%, p = 0.024) and disease-free survival (DFS) (38.6% vs. 67%, p = 0.005). There were no differences in OS, DFS or NRM between MDR1 C1236T- and C3435T-matched and -mismatched groups. Subgroup analysis suggested that within the matched MDR1 G2677TA group, male gender, haematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index ≥1, serum creatinine >137.2 µmol/L and post-transplantation thrombocytopenia were associated with poor survival. Our results demonstrated that patients receiving matched MDR1 G2677TA allo-HSCT experienced a poorer prognosis compared with the mismatched group. The potential mechanism may involve increased expression of P-glycoprotein, leading to decreased accumulation of antimicrobial agents and ultimately contributing to the progression of inflammation. This identification of MDR1 G2677TA genotype compatibility holds promise as a valuable molecular tool for selecting donors for allo-HSCT.

Giant Optical Anisotropy Induced by Magnetic Order in FePS3/WSe2 Heterostructures.

Magnetic 2D materials offer a promising platform for manipulating quantum states at the nanoscale. Recent studies have underscored the significant influence of 2D magnetic materials on the optical behaviors of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), revealing phenomena such as interlayer exciton-magnon interactions, magnetization-dependent valley polarization, and an enhanced Zeeman effect. However, the controlled manipulation of anisotropic optical properties in TMDs via magnetism remains challenging. Here, the magnetic ordering in FePS3 profoundly impacts the optical characteristics of WSe2, achieving a giant linear polarization degree of 5.1 in exciton emission is demonstrated. This is supported by a detailed analysis of low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra from nL-FePS3/WSe2 heterostructures. These findings indicate that a phase transition in FePS3 from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic enhances interlayer Coulomb interactions, inducing a transition from non-polar to polar behavior in the heterostructures. Additionally, valley-polarized PL spectra under magnetic fields from -9 to 9 T reveal the influence of FePS3 on valley polarization and Zeeman splitting of excitons in monolayer WSe2. These results present a novel strategy for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of 2D magnetic van der Waals heterostructures, paving the way for advancements in nanoscale device design.

A New Metal-Free Molecular Perovskite-Related Single Crystal with Quantum Wire Structure for High-Performance X-Ray Detection.

The family of metal-free molecular perovskites, an emerging novel class of eco-friendly semiconductor, welcomes a new member with a unique 1D hexagonal perovskite structure. Lowering dimensionality at molecular level is a facile strategy for crystal structure conversion, optoelectronic property regulation, and device performance optimization. Herein, the study reports the design, synthesis, packing structure, and photophysical properties of the 1D metal-free molecular perovskite-related single crystal, rac-3APD-NH4I3(rac-3APD= racemic-3-Aminopiperidinium), that features a quantum wire structure formed by infinite chains of face-sharing NH4I6 octahedra, enabling strong quantum confinement with strongly self-trapped excited (STE) states to give efficient warm orange emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as ≈41.6%. The study accordingly unveils its photoexcited carrier dynamics: rac-3APD-NH4I3 relaxes to STE state with a short lifetime of 10 ps but decays to ground state by emitting photons with a relatively longer lifetime of 560 ps. Additionally, strong quantum confinement effect is conducive to charge transport along the octahedral channels that enables the co-planar single-crystal X-ray detectors to achieve a sensitivity as high as 1556 µC Gyair -1 cm-2. This work demonstrates the first case of photoluminescence mechanism and photophysical dynamics of 1D metal-free perovskite-related semiconductor, as well as the promise for high-performance X-ray detector.

Analysis on the minimum structure of harmonic spectra from MgO crystals.

Recent theoretical and experimental findings have demonstrated the minimum characteristic in the harmonic spectrum of bulk MgO crystals subjected to intense laser pulses. However, the dominant mechanism behind this minimum structure is still under debate. This study simulates the harmonic spectrum from a MgO crystal in a linearly polarized laser pulse by solving multi-band semiconductor Bloch equations. The results show that the minimum feature at 20 eV in the MgO harmonic spectra from 1700 and 800 nm laser pulses is due to band dispersion and interference between interband harmonics. Notably, the disappearance of the minimum structure at 14 eV in the harmonic spectrum from the 800 nm laser is attributed to the intensity suppression of higher energy harmonics, caused by decreased electron population at the boundary of the first Brillouin zone in the multi-band case. These findings offer insights into the spectral structure of solid-state harmonics, contributing to the all-optical reconstruction of the crystal band based on its harmonic spectrum.

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 inhibits migration and invasion in adenomyosis.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome have an effect in adenomyosis? DESIGN: Fresh-frozen endometrial tissues and paraffin specimens were obtained from endometrial tissues from patients with adenomyosis and controls. Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to assess expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components. Primary eutopic endometrial stromal cells were isolated from the uteri of patients with adenomyosis. After NLRP3 was knocked down using small interfering RNA, proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated using EdU, CCK8, transwell assays and western blot. Importantly, a mouse model of adenomyosis was established to evaluate the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 on the formation of adenomyosis. RESULTS: Expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components was elevated in the ectopic or eutopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis. NLRP3 knockdown inhibited migration, invasion and EMT in endometrial cells and primary endometrial cells (P < 0.0001). MCC950, which blocks the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced migration and invasion of endometrial cells (P < 0.01) and primary endometrial cells (P < 0.0001) considerably. Importantly, in the mouse model of adenomyosis, MCC950 had a mitigating effect on the severity of adenomyosis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: NLRP3 was found to enhance migration, invasion and EMT of human endometrial cells in adenomyosis. Notably, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 reduced migration and invasion of endometrial cells effectively. Furthermore, in the mouse model of adenomyosis, MCC950 exhibited a therapeutic effect by alleviating the severity of adenomyosis.

Direct lexical control of eye movements in Chinese reading: Evidence from the co-registration of EEG and eye tracking.

The direct-lexical-control hypothesis stipulates that some aspect of a word's processing determines the duration of the fixation on that word and/or the next. Although the direct lexical control is incorporated into most current models of eye-movement control in reading, the precise implementation varies and the assumptions of the hypothesis may not be feasible given that lexical processing must occur rapidly enough to influence fixation durations. Conclusive empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is therefore lacking. In this article, we report the results of an eye-tracking experiment using the boundary paradigm in which native speakers of Chinese read sentences in which target words were either high- or low-frequency and preceded by a valid or invalid preview. Eye movements were co-registered with electroencephalography, allowing standard analyses of eye-movement measures, divergence point analyses of fixation-duration distributions, and fixated-related potentials on the target words. These analyses collectively provide strong behavioral and neural evidence of early lexical processing and thus strong support for the direct-lexical-control hypothesis. We discuss the implications of the findings for our understanding of how the hypothesis might be implemented, the neural systems that support skilled reading, and the nature of eye-movement control in the reading of Chinese versus alphabetic scripts.

The value of SDC2 and Septin9 combined with serum tumor markers in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of combined detection of Septin9 and syndecan-2 (SDC2) methylation markers and serum tumor markers for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. METHODS: A total of 116 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between December 2022 and February 2024 were designated as the colorectal cancer group. Additionally, 31 patients with colorectal adenoma were assigned to the adenoma group, while 44 individuals undergoing routine physical examinations were included in the control group. Concentrations of Septin9, SDC2, fecal occult blood (FOB), and four tumor markers-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724)-were measured. Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for Septin9, SDC2, the four tumor markers, FOB, the combination of Septin9 and SDC2, and the combined use of all seven indicators (CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, FOB, Septin9, and SDC2). RESULTS: The colorectal cancer group exhibited the highest positive rates for Septin9, SDC2, the four tumor markers, the combined detection of Septin9 and SDC2, and the combined detection of all seven indicators, compared to both the adenoma and control groups (P < 0.05). The adenoma group also showed higher positive rates than the control group (P < 0.05). For patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer, the positive rates for the combined detection of Septin9 and SDC2 were 81.3%, 78.9%, and 90.2%, respectively, surpassing those for the combined detection of the four tumor markers (43.8%, 55.3%, and 61.0%). Additionally, the positive rates for the two-gene combination in stage III colorectal cancer were higher than those for FOB (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) for SDC2 were 73.3% and 0.855, respectively, exceeding the sensitivity and AUC for the combined four tumor markers, which were 60.3% and 0.734 (P < 0.05). The combined detection of the two methylated genes demonstrated a sensitivity of 86.2% and an AUC of 0.908, outperforming both FOB and the combined detection of the four tumor markers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The detection of SDC2 exhibits high sensitivity for colorectal cancer, and when combined with Septin9, it significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy for early-stage colorectal cancer, offering substantial clinical value.

Targeted metabolomics profiling in pregnancy associated with vitamin D deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnancy, however, its effects has not been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted targeted metabolomics profiling to study the relationship. METHODS: This study enrolled 111 pregnant women, including sufficient group (n = 9), inadequate group (n = 49) and deficient group (n = 53). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabonomics were used to characterize metabolite profiles associated with vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. RESULTS: Many metabolites decreased in the inadequate and deficient group, including lipids, amino acids and others. The lipid species included fatty acyls (FA 14:3, FA 26:0; O), glycerolipids (MG 18:2), glycerophospholipids (LPG 20:5, PE-Cer 40:1; O2, PG 29:0), sterol lipids (CE 20:5, ST 28:0; O4, ST 28:1; O4). Decreased amino acids included aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine) and branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine), proline, methionine, arginine, lysine, alanine, L-kynurenine,5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, allysine. CONCLUSIONS: This targeted metabolomics profiling indicated that vitamin D supplementation can significantly affect lipids and amino acids metabolism in pregnancy.

Bioequivalence study of two formulations of afatinib dimaleate tablets in healthy subjects under fasting conditions: A randomized, open-label, single-dose, crossover trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bioequivalence of two different afatinib dimaleate formulations in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting conditions and to assess their pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, open-label, 2-period, crossover, bioequivalence study included 32 healthy Chinese subjects. The subjects were assigned to receive a single 40-mg dose of generic or brand-named afatinib dimaleate tablet. Blood samples were collected pre-dose and up to 120 hours after dosing. Healthy subjects orally took the trial preparation (T) (afatinib maleate tablets developed by Jiangxi Shanxiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gan Zhou, China) and the reference preparation (R) (afatinib maleate tablets developed by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Ingelheim, Germany) under fasting conditions in the appropriate period according to the randomization. We measured the blood concentrations, calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparations in the human body, and evaluated whether formulations were bioequivalent. Safety of the preparations in healthy subjects was monitored during the whole trial. Safety assessment was conducted by vital signs, physical examination, laboratory examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram during the study, i.e., from the time the subject received the test drug to the end of the last visit. RESULTS: Under fasting conditions, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios of the test/reference for afatinib dimaleate were 93.34 - 103.92% for AUC0-t, 90.26 - 105.52% for Cmax, and 93.49 - 104.05% for AUC0-∞. CONCLUSION: The 90% CI for the geometric mean ratios (test/reference) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were within the range of 80.00 - 125.00%, indicating that the test formulation was equivalent to the reference formulation in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting conditions. Both products were similar in terms of safety.

Expression of PCT, BNP and Inflammatory Factors in Children with Kawasaki Disease and Their Correlation with Coronary Artery Lesions.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD), as one of the most common vascular diseases in children, will cause the risk of coronary artery lesions (CAL) without treatment. This study is to explore the expression of procalcitonin (PCT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in children with KD and their correlation with CAL. Methods: 86 KD children in Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital were selected as the study subjects from January 2020 to June 2021. According to whether CAL occurred, they were divided into the CAL group (n=30) and NCAL group (n=56). The clinical data of the two groups were collected from the medical record system. The levels of PCT and BNP were detected by chemiluminescence microparticle assay, the CRP level was detected by immunoturbidimetry, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by flow immunofluorescence method. The relationship of PCT, BNP, and inflammatory factors with CAL in KD children was explored by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The comparative result of clinical data showed no overt difference in gender, disease types, age and blood routine indexes between the two groups, except for coronary artery diameter (P >.05). The levels of PCT, BNP, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in CAL group were (1.70±0.39) µg/L, (289.21±29.78) ng/L, (83.16±17.35) mg/L, (9.38±1.23) pg/mL and (59.97±0.97) ng/mL, respectively. The levels of PCT, BNP, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in NCAL group were (1.04±0.18) µg/L, (170.85±23.58) ng/L, (69.70±16.64) mg/L, (6.32±0.73) pg/mL and (44.16±11.97) ng/mL, respectively. The levels of each index in the CAL group were notably higher than in the NCAL group (P < .001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that PCT, BNP, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were positively correlated with CAL in KD children (r=0.829, 0.865, 0.823, 0.894, 0.784, P < .001). Conclusion: The increase of PCT, BNP, and inflammatory factors has a certain warning effect on CAL in KD children. In clinical practice, health care professionals should strengthen the detection of PCT, BNP and inflammatory factors in KD children, carry out early monitoring of CAL in children with high expression of biomarkers, and formulate personalized preventive intervention based on the disease progress, so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, due to the limitations of research conditions and methods, the sample size of this study is small, which may affect the reliability and representativeness of the conclusion. In order to provide a new direction for the clinical prevention and treatment of the disease, future work will improve the research design, expand the sample size, and carry out more in-depth exploration on the prediction of CAL in KD children.

Association of prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances with childhood neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have shown an association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the results have been inconsistent. We summarize studies on the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and neurodevelopment in children in order to better understand the relationship. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a meta-analysis of prenatal PFAS exposure and developmental outcomes associated with intellectual, executive function and behavioral difficulty in children to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. METHODS: We searched for articles published up to August 3, 2023, included and quantified original studies on PFAS and child Intelligence Quotient (IQ), executive function and behavioral difficulty during pregnancy, and systematically summarized articles that could not be quantified. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of sex-specific relationship between PFAS exposure and children's PIQ. We found that PFOS [ß = -1.56, 95% CI = -2.96, - 0.07; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase], PFOA [ß = -1.87, 95% CI = -3.29, - 0.46; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase], PFHxS [ß = -2.02, 95% CI = -3.23, - 0.81; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase] decreased performance IQ in boys, but PFOS [ß = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.06, 3.06; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase] increased performance IQ in girls. PFAS are associated with executive function impairments in children, but not related to behavioral difficulty in children.

The Association between Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: An Overview of Current Evidence.

The utilization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is on the rise, resulting in a growing population of ART-conceived offspring. The health concerns of this unique population have attracted significant attention. During ART procedures, gametes and early-stage embryos are exposed to various non-physiological conditions, such as manipulation, culture media, and cryopreservation, which may disrupt embryonic development and potentially impact the health of offspring. Notably, the potential impact of ART on neurodevelopment and its association with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) later in life remains a subject of debate. This review aims to summarize the current research advancements concerning the effects of ART on neurodevelopment, specifically focusing on the evidence of the relationship between ART, epigenetic modifications, and NDD, including autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cerebral palsy. Future studies should prioritize large sample sizes, rigorous adjustment for confounding factors, and the use of interdisciplinary approaches to effectively monitor the neurodevelopmental outcomes of ART-conceived children.

Pressure-Induced Dynamic Tuning of Interlayer Coupling in Twisted WSe2/WSe2 Homobilayers.

Moiré superlattices induced by twisted van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures or homostructures have recently gained significant attention due to their potential to generate exotic strong-correlation electronic and phonon phenomena. However, the lack of dynamic tuning for interlayer coupling of moiré superlattices hinders a thorough understanding and development of the moiré correlation state. Here, we present a dynamic tuning method for twisted WSe2/WSe2 homobilayers using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). We demonstrate the powerful tuning of interlayer coupling and observe an enhanced response to pressure for interlayer breathing modes and the rapid descent of indirect excitons in twisted WSe2/WSe2 homobilayers. Our findings indicate that the introduction of a moiré superlattice for WSe2 bilayers gives rise to hybridized excitons, which lead to the different pressure-evolution exciton behaviors compared to natural WSe2 bilayers. Our results provide a novel understanding of moiré physics and offer an effective method to tune interlayer coupling of moiré superlattices.

Comparison of anaerobic co-digestion of vacuum toilet blackwater and kitchen waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions: Reactor performance, microbial response and metabolic pathway.

Co-digestion of kitchen waste (KW) and black water (BW) can be considered as an attractive method to efficiently achieve the clean energy from waste. To find the optimal operation parameters for the co-digestion, the effects of different temperatures (35 and 55 °C) and BW:KW ratios on the reactor performances, microbial communities and metabolic pathways were studied. The results showed that the optimum BW:KW ratio was 1:3.6 and 1:4.5 for mesophilic and thermophilic optimal reactors, with methane production of 449.04 mL/g VS and 411.90 mL/g VS, respectively. Microbial communities showed significant differences between the reactors under different temperatures. For bacteria, increasing BW:KW ratio significantly promoted Defluviitoga enrichment (1.1%-9.5%) under thermophilic condition. For Archaea, the increase in BW:KW ratio promoted the enrichment of Methanosaeta (8.6%-56.4%) in the mesophilic reactor and Methanothermobacter (62.0%-89.2%) in the thermophilic reactor. The analysis of the key enzymes showed that, acetoclastic methanogenic pathway performed as the dominant under mesophilic condition, with high abundance of Acetate-CoA ligase (EC:6.2.1.1) and Pyruvate synthase (EC:1.2.7.1). Hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway was the main pathway in the thermophilic reactors, with high abundance of Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase (EC:1.2.99.5).

Upcycling of nutrients from kitchen waste: Integration of anaerobic digestion system and microbial protein production system.

To upcycle the nutrients from kitchen waste (KW), an integrated system consisting of anaerobic digestion (AD) reactor and microbial protein (MP) production reactor was established in this study. The subsystem I (AD system) demonstrated an efficient bio-energy production (282.37 mL CH4/g VS), with 553.54 mg/L of NH4+-N remained in the digestate. The subsystem II (MP production system) utilized the nitrogenous constituents of the digestate, with 2.04 g/L MP production. In order to further enhance the recovery efficiency, C/N ratio in the subsystem II was studied. NH4+-N recovery efficiency was 23.08% higher after C/N ratio optimization along with 0.24 g/L increment on MP production. Over 0.7 g/L of essential amino acids was obtained, according with the qualitative necessary for the feeds. Also, the key enzyme abundance of CO2 releasing and amino acid biosynthesis was obviously increased with max. 55.21%. Meanwhile, the integrated system was profitable via a simplified economic assessment.

Dissipation and Safety Analysis of Dimethomorph Application in Lychee by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with QuEChERS.

This study presents a method for analyzing dimethomorph residues in lychee using QuEChERS extraction and HPLC-MS/MS. The validation parameters for this method, which include accuracy, precision, linearity, and recovery, indicate that it meets standard validation requirements. Following first-order kinetics, the dissipation dynamic of dimethomorph in lychee was determined to range from 6.4 to 9.2 days. Analysis of terminal residues revealed that residues in whole lychee were substantially greater than those in the pulp, indicating that dimethomorph residues are predominantly concentrated in the peel. When applied twice and thrice at two dosage levels with pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) of 5, 7, and 10 days, the terminal residues in whole lychee ranged from 0.092 to 1.99 mg/kg. The terminal residues of the pulp ranged from 0.01 to 0.18 mg/kg, with the residue ratio of whole lychee to pulp consistently exceeding one. The risk quotient (RQ) for dimethomorph, even at the recommended dosage, was less than one, indicating that the potential for damage was negligible. This study contributes to the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China by providing essential information on the safe application of dimethomorph in lychee orchards.

Engineering design and application of large-scale oil-based drilling cuttings treatment project.

Thermal phase separation technology is a new comprehensive treatment technology, which heats oil-based cuttings to a certain temperature to vaporize oil and water components. Based on a large oil-based drilling cuttings comprehensive utilization project, the engineering design and application effect of thermal phase separation technology were analysed. The practice shows that thermal phase separation technology can reduce the oil content of purified residue to 0.1-0.2%, the average recovery rate of base oil is 94.12% and the annual recovery of base oil is about 4800 t; the purified residue does not have corrosive, leaching toxicity and other dangerous characteristics, and can be used for making bricks or building materials. Thermal phase separation technology is a comprehensive utilization and treatment technology with excellent engineering and environmental benefits, which has a high promotion value.