RESUMO
Background: Pediatric hypertension become an early marker of cardiovascular diseases, but their antihypertensive drug use patterns are rarely known. Purpose: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric hypertension and the use of antihypertensive drugs in the real world in China. Methods: In this study, the demographic, diagnosis, and medication prescription data including the antihypertensive drug types and comorbidities, were analyzed. The antihypertensive drugs use were evaluated according to the Chinese guidelines for hypertension. Results: 1301 prescriptions (number of visits) containing 1880 antihypertensive medical orders were collected. The average number of antihypertensive drugs per prescription was 1.45 (±0.75). The patients aged 16 to 18 (70.18%) accounted for the highest proportion. Kidney diseases (33.28%) were the most common comorbidities. Calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), and ß receptor blocker (BB) were the most used antihypertensive drugs. The most frequent monotherapy was CCB, while that of two and three drugs combination were ARB+CCB and ARB+BB+CCB, respectively. Metoprolol (11.44%), nifedipine (10.64%), amlodipine (10.59%), valsartan (6.12%) were the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs. The utilization rate of fixed compound preparations was 7.34%. However, the percentage of recommended antihypertensive drugs was just 14.20%, while the recommended drug combination was 84.93% according to the guidelines. Conclusion: For the first time ever we reported the antihypertensive prescription analysis in children in a large area of China. Our data provided new insights into the epidemiological characteristics and drug use in hypertensive children. We found that the guidelines for medication management in hypertensive children were not routinely followed. The wide use of antihypertensive drugs in children and those with weak clinical evidence raised concerns regarding its rational use. The findings could lead to more effective management of hypertension in children.
RESUMO
In the title compound, C(17)H(24)NO(+)·Cl(-), the cyclo-hexa-1,4-diene ring, which is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.024â (4)â Å from the mean plane, makes a dihedral angle of 66.4â (1)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-Hâ¯Cl and C-Hâ¯Cl hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into an infinite chain along the b axis.
RESUMO
The crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(22)N(+)·Cl(-)·0.1H(2)O, consists of (3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantyl)ammonium chloride (memanti-nium chloride) and uncoordinated water mol-ecules. The four six-membered rings of the memanti-nium cation assume typical chair conformations. The Cl(-) counter-anion links with the memanti-nium cation via N-Hâ¯Cl hydrogen bonding, forming channels where the disordered crystal water molecules are located. The O atom of the water mol-ecule is located on a threefold rotation axis, its two H atoms symmetrically distributed over six sites; the water mol-ecule links with the Cl(-) anions via O-Hâ¯Cl hydrogen bonding.
RESUMO
Polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin-tegafur (PEI-CyD-tegafur) conjugate was synthesized as a novel multifunctional prodrug of tegafur for co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agent tegafur and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter plasmid DNA. Conjugation of tegafur to PEI-CyD via chemical linkage was characterized by (1)H NMR spectrometry and ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry. PEI-CyD-tegafur was able to condense plasmid DNA into complexes of around 150 nm with positive charge at the N/P ratio of 25, in accordance with electron microscopy observation of compact and monodisperse nanoparticles. The results of in vitro experiments showed enhanced cytotoxicity and considerable transfection efficiency in B16F10 cell line. Therefore, PEI-CyD-tegafur may have great potential as a co-delivery system with anti-cancer activity and potential for gene delivery.