[Irreducible Indirect Inguinal Hernia Caused by Sigmoid Colon Cancer Entering Right Groin:A Case Report].

We reported a case of irreducible indirect inguinal hernia caused by sigmoid colon cancer entering the right groin.The patient complained about a right groin mass for more than 60 years with progressive enlargement for 3 years and pain for half a month.Abdominal CT examination at admission showed rectum and sigmoid colon hernia in the right inguinal area and thickening of sigmoid colon wall.Electronic colonoscopy and pathological diagnosis showed sigmoid colon cancer.Therefore,the result of preliminary diagnosis was irreducible indirect inguinal hernia caused by sigmoid colon cancer entering the right groin.We converted laparoscopic exploration to laparotomy followed by radical sigmoidectomy and employed end-to-end anastomosis of descending colon and rectum in combination with repair of right inguinal hernia.The patient recovered well after operation and was discharged.

[Penile and scrotal skin flaps: first choice for urethroplasty in the treatment of hypospadias].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of the treatment of hypospadias with penile and scrotal skin flaps. METHODS: Twenty-three hypospadias patients aged 3.5-19 (mean 6. 8) years underwent urethroplasty with penile and scrotal skin flaps. All were followed up for 6 years and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the total number of patients, 21 (91.3%) succeeded in one operation and the other 2 developed complications, including urethral fistula and urethral structure. CONCLUSION: Penile and scrotal skin, advantageous for its adequacy, rich blood supply and contribution to high success rate of surgery, is believed to be the first choice for urethroplasty in the treatment of hypospadias.

[Effects of combining siRNA-TR and TERT upon telomerase activity and in vitro growth inhibition in transitional cancer of bladder BIU-87 cell line].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of combining RNAi-hTR plus hTERT genes upon the telomerase activity of bladder cancer BIU-87 cell line and provide new methods and evidence for RNAi in gene therapy of bladder transitional cell cancer. METHODS: Three hTR-specific double-stranded siRNAs and 3 hTERT-specific double-stranded siRNAs were designed targeting different regions of hTR and hTERT mRNA. siRNAs (systems-PhTR-siRNA, PhTERT-siRNA and combining systems-PhTR plus PhTERT-siRNA) were transfected into bladder transitional cancer BIU-87 cell line. And hTR and hTERT mRNA expression were determined by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR while telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was applied to detect the telomerase activity and the growth inhibition of BIU-87 cells detected by MTT assay. RESULTS: RNAi-pRNAT-hTERT-III, RNAi-pRNAT-hTR-III and combining RNAi-hTR plus hTERT could inhibit the expression of hTERT and hTR mRNA in bladder cancer BIU-87 cell lines by RNAi-pRNAT-hTERT-III hTERTmRNA 67%, RNAi-pRNAT-hTR-III hTRmRNA 41% and pRNAT-hTR-III hTRmRNA:57%, pRNAT-hTERT-III, pRNAT-hTR-III hTERTmRNA:70% (P < 0.05). The growth of bladder cancer BIU-87 cell was inhibited and telomerase activity considerably decreased, especially in combining RNAi-hTR and hTERT. CONCLUSION: hTR-siRNA, hTERT-siRNA and combing siRNA hTR plus hTERT have been successfully designed and constructed. They can suppress specifically and effectively both hTR and hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity, especially in combining siRNA-hTR+hTERT. Combining siRNA-hTR plus hTERT are needed to explore its clinical applications.

[Effectiveness and safety of naftopidil for benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with overactive bladder symptoms].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of the alphala/d blocker naftopidil in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. METHODS: Fifty BPH patients with OAB symptoms were treated with naftopidil at the dose of 25 mg/d for 6 weeks. A self-controlled clinical trial was conducted. The effectiveness and safety of the drug were observed by comparing the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), quality of life indexes (QOL), maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax) , average urinary flow rates (Qave), voiding volumes (VV), blood pressures (BP) and heart rates (HR) obtained before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After 6 weeks' medication, the 46 assessable cases showed an average decrease of 9.75 in IPSS (P < 0.01), 3.97 in voiding symptom score (P < 0.01), 5.78 in urinary storage symptom score (P < 0.01) and 1.95 in QOL (P < 0.01), and a mean increase of 4.29 ml/s in Qmax (P < 0.01), 3.75 ml/s in Qave (P < 0.01) and 55.12 ml/s in VV (P < 0.05). But no significant changes were observed in BP and HR. Only 1 patient (4.35%) experienced the adverse event of dizziness. CONCLUSION: The alphalA/D blocker naftopidil is both effective and safe in the treatment of BPH patients with OAB symptoms.

[Expression of VEGF in prostate cancer and its correlation with ET-1].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of VEGF in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), their clinical significance and their relationship with that of ET-1. METHODS: A total of 44 specimens of PCa and 36 of BPH tissues were examined by the immunohistochemical Elivision plus method for the expressions of VEGF and ET-1. The intensity of staining for VEGF and ET-1 was assessed by light microscopy on a scale from "-" to "+ + +". RESULTS: The rates of positive expression of VEGF were 69.4% in BPH and 80.9% in PCa, positive staining mostly in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and cancer cells, and strongly positive in all the stroma vascular endothelial cells. The staining intensity of VEGF was significantly higher in the PCa than in the BPH group (P < 0.05) , in the bone metastasis (BM) than in the non-BM group (P < 0.01), and in the lowly than in the highly and moderately differentiated PCa tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF was positively correlated with that of ET-1 ( r(s) = 0.780, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: VEGF is involved in the development, progression and metastasis of PCa. VEGF and ET-1 may play a joint role in its development and progression.

[Expressions of endothelin-1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer and their significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different expressions of endothelin-1 ET-1) in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues and their clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 36 BPH and 44 PCa specimens were examined for the expression of ET-1 by immunohistochemical technique (Elivision plus method). The staining intensity for ET-1 was assessed by light microscopy on a scale from "-" to "+ + +". RESULTS: Positive immunoreactivity was found in BPH and PCa, with a positive rate of 100%. Positive staining was located mostly in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and smooth muscle cells of both BPH and PCa and was noted in all stroma vascular endothelial cells. These were no significant differences in the intensity of positive staining for ET-1 between the groups of BPH and PCa (P > 0.05), bone metastasis (BM) and non-BM (P > 0.05), and highly and moderately differentiated PCa (P > 0.05), but the staining intensity for ET-1 was significantly higher in the poorly than in the highly and moderately differentiated PCa (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: ET-1 has a high expression and the localization is the same in both BPH and PCa. It is involved in the development and progression of BPH and PCa.

[The clinical value of PSA and ECT in diagnosis of prostate cancer bone metastasis].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical significance of PSA and ECT bone scans in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of prostate cancer were reviewed, bone metastasis (BM) occurred in 44 cases, and 23 cases without BM (NBM). The relation between PSA, ECT and bone metastasis was analyzed. RESULTS: The sensitivity of BM with bone scan of ECT was 91.67%. Single local density of radionuclide with bone scan was found in 6 cases, only 2 cases have BM. The value of PSA between BM and Non-BM group had significant difference (87.28 micrograms/L vs 25.37 micrograms/L, P < 0.01). PSA and the degree of bone metastasis was positively correlated. PSA < 10 micrograms/L, the morbidity of BM was 0; PSA 10-20 micrograms/L, 7.69%; PSA 20-60 micrograms/L, 53.33%; PSA 60-100 micrograms/L, 91.67%; and PSA > 100 micrograms/L, 100%. CONCLUSIONS: ECT is a high sensitive method in diagnosis of bone metastasis of prostate cancer, but it is not specific in patients with single focus of BM. As for those patients of prostate cancer without any treatment, while PSA < 10 micrograms/L, the morbidity of BM is rare; while PSA > 100 micrograms/L, BM is in high suspect.

[Clinic efficacy of treating chronic prostatitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae with azithromycin aspartic-acid injection].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinic efficacy of treating chronic prostatitis by Neisseria gonorrhoeae with azithromycin aspartic-acid injection. METHODS: Nineteen cases were treated with monotherapy and once-daily intravenous dosing of azithromycin injection. The effects and side-effects after treatment were observed. RESULTS: Twelve of nineteen cases were cured. CONCLUSIONS: A short term therapy with azithromycin injection for chronic prostatitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is very effective and easy to used and thus eliminate any problem of compliance.

[Clinical analysis and treatment of hypospadias accompanied by associated anomalies in urogenital system].

OBJECTIVES: To study the occurrence of different anomalies associated with hypospadias and to instruct relevant treatment in clinical practice. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-one cases of hypospadias were investigated, all treated respectively corresponding to their specific anomalies. RESULTS: The morbidity of associated anomalies in cases of hypospadias was as high as 21.1%. Most of the anomaly cases were undescended testes and inguinal hernia, and the incidence of associated anomalies was related to the degree of hypospadias. CONCLUSIONS: Hypospadias is not just a local dysmorphic problem but rather a local manifestation of a systemic disease. It is necessary to take those associated anomalies as a systemic whole and attach enough importance to their clinical treatment.