[Instruments of health literacy used in nursing studies with hypertensive elderly]. / Instrumentos de letramento em saúde utilizados nas pesquisas de enfermagem com idosos hipertensos.

This study aimed to analyze nursing research regarding the instruments used to evaluate health literacy in elderly hypertensive patients. This is an integrative literature review done in the databases LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane, in June 2013. The articles, electronically available, were selected for full-text review by nurses, who assessed health literacy of elderly with hypertension. Eight studies were selected for analysis and four different instruments were used in the research. The instruments were developed according to a methodology and they were all designed to evaluate the abilities of elderly regarding reading, numeracy, pronunciation and recognition of some health-related words. The nursing research analyzed in this study revealed the gaps in care related to measures aimed to increase patient's involvement in decision-making. Also, the instruments used for measuring health literacy showed limitations, and there is no gold standard test.

Temporal trend of simultaneous risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases: National School Health Survey 2009, 2012, 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of simultaneous occurrence of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazilian school adolescents. METHODS: Ecological time-series study that analyzed data from the three editions of the National Survey of School Health with students in the 9th year of public and private schools. Cluster analysis was performed to identify the simultaneity of the following factors: irregular consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods, regular consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, insufficient level of physical activity during leisure time, consumption of alcoholic beverages, use of cigarettes and illicit drugs. The cluster trend was tested using simple linear regression. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 173,310 school adolescents. Sixty-four possible combinations were evaluated, resulting in the formation of six clusters. The grouping formed by all factors showed the highest ratios observed/expected prevalence in the last two years of the series. The highest ratios were observed for combinations in which alcohol and cigarettes were present. These substances integrated five of the six clusters. One of the groups (insufficient level of physical activity during leisure time + consumption of alcoholic beverages + use of cigarettes and illicit drugs) had an upward trend throughout the series. CONCLUSION: The trend analysis showed four out of six clusters remaining stable throughout the series, which shows that the factors are persistently present among school adolescents.

Relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. / Relação entre maturação sexual e indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos em adolescentes.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. This was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with 345 teenagers, aged 10 to 19 years, between 2018 and 2020. In this study, data referent to sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure, and sexual maturation were collected. The data analysis was performed by applying the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which generated three components and then tested the correlation between sexual maturation and the generated components. Most of the teenagers were female (53%), normotensive (66.1%), and with a normal weight (73%). A positive correlation was found between breast development and component 1 and component 2, as well as a negative correlation between the breasts and component 3. In the boys, the development of genitals and pubic hair was positively correlated with component 2 and inversely correlated with component 3. It could therefore be concluded that there is a relationship between sexual maturation and the anthropometric and blood pressure indicators, which proved to be representative variables for cardiovascular risk in teenagers, even if not in their entirety.

Objetivou-se investigar a relação entre a maturação sexual com indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos de adolescentes. Estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado entre 2018 e 2020, com 345 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Coletou-se variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas, pressão arterial e maturação sexual. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais, que gerou três componentes e, posteriormente, testou-se a correlação entre a maturação sexual e os componentes gerados. A maioria dos adolescentes eram do sexo feminino (53%), normotensos (66,1%) e com peso normal (73%). Houve correlação positiva entre o desenvolvimento das mamas com o componente 1 e o componente 2, e correlação negativa entre mamas e o componente 3. Nos meninos, o desenvolvimento dos genitais e pelos pubianos estiveram positivamente correlacionados com o componente 2 e inversamente correlacionados com o componente 3. Conclui-se que existe relação entre a maturação sexual e os indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos, sendo variáveis representativas de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes, mesmo que não em sua totalidade.

Hypertension among women experiencing incarceration: A comparison with the general female population.

To compare the prevalence and characteristics of hypertension in women experiencing incarceration (WEI) to the general population in Brazil: (1) a prison survey conducted from January 2014 to December 2015 in 15 states, with 1,327 WEI; and (2) a household survey in the 26 states and the Federal District of Brazil administered to women in the general population (WGP). Data analysis used SPSS® version 20.0. The point estimates and the prevalence ratio with their respective confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Ages in the two populations differed, 27.9% of WGP were over 50, while 7.3% of WEI were. The overall prevalence of arterial hypertension was 31.3% (95% CI: 28.6-34.0) in the WEI and 38.9% (95% CI: 37.8-39.9) for WGP. For individuals under 30, hypertension was found in 22.4% of WEI and 13.4% of WGP. WEI have a higher prevalence of hypertension at an earlier age than the GP. Less education, obesity, using illegal drugs, previous pregnancy, and not using contraceptives were more frequent in this group, revealing the need to implement policies aimed at treating both their hypertension and other health issues in prison.

Construction and validation of educational material on promoting breastfeeding in schools.

OBJECTIVE: to build and validate an educational technology on the promotion of breastfeeding for schoolchildren. METHODS: a methodological study was developed through a bibliographic survey, situational diagnosis, creation of illustrations, layout, design and texts, validation of the material with the help of expert judges and target audience. RESULTS: the content judges enabled the validation of the material with an overall Content Validity Index of 90%, the judges of the design Suitability Assessment of Materials of 90.4% and the target audience with a 95.6% agreement. The readability percentage proved to be excellent, with an overall score of 100%. CONCLUSION: the educational technology proved to be a valid and reliable instrument to promote a breastfeeding culture among schoolchildren.

Use of webQDA software on qualitative nursing research: an experience report.

OBJECTIVES: to report the user experience of the webQDA software in the support of qualitative data analysis about health literacy of older adults. METHODS: quasi-experimental research developed from January 2014 to January 2015, with 118 older adults, all of whom were interviewed to assess the level of health literacy. Interviews were carried out before and after four educational interventions, according to Freire's method named Culture Circle. The interviews were transcribed and entered in the software, which highlighted the analytical categories. RESULTS: the systems of sources, interpretative encoding and questioning of the data available in the software allowed the construction of three categories for the literacy levels and four categories for their dimensions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: We concluded that the webQDA software enables the structured encoding of qualitative materials, ensuring faster and effective management of data with systematization and analytical transparency.

Health literacy for caregivers of elders with alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of health literacy in informal caregivers of elders with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with health literacy as a theoretical framework. Research carried out with 42 informal caregivers of elders with Alzheimer's from a geriatrics outpatient clinic, using a questionnaire with sociodemographic data and the Health Literacy instrument. RESULTS: The functional and conceptual levels were more prevalent, with regards to elders with Alzheimer's, than the empowering level. Caregivers searched, evaluated, and used health information and expressed abilities to use and judge the information received. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The predominance of categories in the cognitive level of learning indicates the need to strengthen the empowering level of these caregivers. Health literacy made it possible to reveal the demands of informal caregivers of elders with Alzheimer's, evaluating their individual ability to offer this type of assistance. It is also a tool capable of reaching better health results.

Access to the Unified Health System in the perspective of male homosexuals.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the perception of male homosexuals regarding the access to the Unified Health System. METHODS: A qualitative study with male homosexuals in a city in the Northeast Brazil. Eight subjects participated, a socioeconomic questionnaire was used for data collection and a focal group was carried out, in which the narratives were recorded and later transcribed. For the analysis of the speeches, the analysis of thematic content was used. RESULTS: The analysis revealed five thematic categories that express the limitations on humanization and reception, as well as in the quality of health care offered to subjects, disregarding the psychosocial and lifestyle-related demands. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It was emphasized that the focus group technique contributed to the approach of the research with the perception of male homosexuals marked by prejudice and discrimination, reflecting the subjects' dissatisfaction with the care received in the health services.

[The experience of the family caregiver of stroke victim: an interactionist approach]. / A vivência do cuidador familiar de vítima de acidente vascular encefálico: uma abordagem interacionista.

This qualitative research aimed at understanding the experience of familiar caregivers in the process of caring for persons disabled by stroke, in their home. It was held in the Program of Domiciliary Assistance of a tertiary public hospital in Fortaleza-CE, with nine caregivers. The statements were obtained through interviews recorded and organized into categories, then interpreted according to the Symbolic Interactionism method: why I take care?, Realizing the family victimized by stroke, the daily activities of caregivers, perceiving themselves as caregivers and the changes in the lives of caregivers. The analysis suggests that the nurse insert into its care tools that facilitate the process of adaptation to the new situation of the family, such as sensitivity to promote the training of familiar caregivers.

Health literacy of adults with and without arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the level of health literacy of adults, with and without hypertension, treated in three basic health units (UBS) in Picos, Piauí. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with 357 adults. Data were collected using a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables, and literacy was assessed by the Test of Functional Literacy in Adults. Descriptive analysis was performed followed by the association between literacy and exposure variables with Pearson's chi-squared (X2) test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Inadequate or marginal health literacy was found in three units investigated (71.5%; 77.8% and 85.2%);. Age and the years of schooling were factors associated with inadequate literacy in adults with hypertension (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Inadequate literacy was found in more than 70% of the hypertensive patients investigated. This finding reinforces the need to improve the self-care skills of hypertensive patients, especially the older ones and those with few years of schooling.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e desfecho de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of old people hospitalized for COVID-19

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e desfecho de pessoas idosas hospitalizados por COVID-19 no Hospital Universitário do Piauí. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado com dados secundários envolvendo 137 prontuários de pacientes idosos internados por COVID-19 no HU durante o período de abril a dezembro de 2020. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2021. Utilizou-se um formulário formado por questões equivalentes aos dados sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes idosos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Software estatístico SPSS versão 25. Resultados Observou-se que o "uso de ventilação mecânica" (Odds Ratio: 35,96 [10,23-126,47]) e "tipo de leito de internação" (Odds Ratio: 9,40 [2,69-32,82]) foram as variáveis que melhor explicam os óbitos sendo preditoras independentes para esse desfecho. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a quantidade de comorbidades (p=0,007), a presença de manifestações clínicas (p=0,003), a quantidade de manifestações clínicas (p=0,003) e óbito. O menor tempo de sobrevida foi associado à internação em UTI e uso de ventilação mecânica (p=0,000). Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que a presença de fatores de risco para a COVID-19, manifestações clínicas da doença, estavam internados em leitos de UTI, em uso de VM e os que apresentavam idade superior tiveram piores desfechos. Descritores: Perfil de saúde; Saúde do idoso; Coronavirus. COVID-19.

Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of old people hospitalized for COVID-19 at the University Hospital of Piauí. Methods:An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data involving 137 medical records of old patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the UH during the period from April to December 2020. Data were collected in August and September 2021. Aform consisting of questions equivalent to the sociodemographic and epidemiological data of old patients was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 25. Results: It was observed that the "use of mechanical ventilation" (Odds Ratio: 35.96 [10.23-126.47]) and "type of hospitalization bed" (Odds Ratio: 9.40 [2.69-32.82]) were the variables that best explain the deaths being independent predictors for this outcome. There was a statistically significant association between the number of comorbidities (p=0.007), the presence of clinical manifestations (p=0.003), the number of clinical manifestations (p=0.003) and death. The shorter survival time was associated with ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation (p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of the study show that the presence of risk factors for COVID-19, clinical manifestations of the disease, to be admitted to ICU beds, using MV and those who were older had worse outcomes. Descriptors: Health profile; Health of old people; Coronavirus. COVID-19.

Tecnologia computacional e participação do paciente na segurança medicamentosa: revisão integrativa / Computational technology and patient participation in medication safety: integrative review / Tecnología computacional y participación del paciente en la seguridad de los medicamentos: revisión integradora

Objetivou-se investigar as tecnologias computacionais utilizadas para a participação do paciente no tocante à segurança medicamentosa em ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada entre julho a dezembro de 2022, sem recorte temporal, nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL e MedLINE. Os resultados consistiram em 117 artigos, dos quais 16 foram incluídos no estudo. Verificou-se que as tecnologias computacionais desenvolvidas foram: aplicativos móveis, plataformas interativas e prontuário eletrônico. Destaca-se que o tablet foi o recurso mais utilizado para o acesso das informações pelos pacientes, e que estes apresentaram satisfação moderada a elevada quanto ao uso do equipamento. No tocante ao sistema de medicação, verificou-se que oito publicações citavam que o respectivo produto tecnológico testado era específico à etapa de administração dos medicamentos, duas na prescrição e administração, e apenas uma integrava pelo menos três etapas, a saber: prescrição, dispensação e administração. Conclui-se que a participação do paciente se dá mediada por aplicativos móveis via tablet, evidenciando possibilidades para melhorar a segurança medicamentosa durante a internação hospitalar.

The objective was to investigate the computational technologies used for patient participation regarding drug safety in a hospital environment. This is an integrative review carried out between July and December 2022, without a time frame, in the Web of Science, CINAHL and MedLINE databases. The results consisted of 117 articles, of which 16 were included in the study. It was found that the computational technologies developed were: mobile applications, interactive platforms and electronic medical records. It is noteworthy that the tablet was the most used resource for accessing information by patients, and that they showed moderate to high satisfaction with the use of the equipment. With regard to the medication system, it was found that eight publications mentioned that the respective technological product tested was specific to the medication administration stage, two in the prescription and administration, and only one integrated at least three stages, namely: prescription, dispensing and administration. It is concluded that the patient's participation is mediated by mobile applications via tablet, highlighting possibilities to improve medication safety during hospitalization.

El objetivo fue investigar las tecnologías computacionales utilizadas para la participación del paciente en relación con la seguridad de los medicamentos en un entorno hospitalario. Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada entre julio y diciembre de 2022, sin marco temporal, en las bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL y MedLINE. Los resultados consistieron en 117 artículos, de los cuales 16 fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se encontró que las tecnologías computacionales desarrolladas fueron: aplicaciones móviles, plataformas interactivas e historias clínicas electrónicas. Cabe destacar que la tableta fue el recurso más utilizado para acceder a la información por parte de los pacientes, y que éstos mostraron una satisfacción de moderada a alta con el uso del equipo. Con relación al sistema de medicación, se encontró que ocho publicaciones mencionaron que el respectivo producto tecnológico probado era específico para la etapa de administración de medicamentos, dos en la prescripción y administración, y sólo una integró por lo menos tres etapas, a saber: prescripción, dispensación y administración. Se concluye que la participación del paciente está mediada por aplicaciones móviles a través de tablet, destacando las posibilidades de mejorar la seguridad de la medicación durante la hospitalización.

Validation evidence of an educational booklet on care measures with vascular accesses for hemodialysis / Evidencias de validez de un folleto educativo sobre precauciones con accesos vasculares para hemodiálisis / Evidências de validade de cartilha educativa sobre cuidados com acessos vasculares para hemodiálise

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the validation evidence of an educational booklet focused on the care of patients with vascular accesses for hemodialysis. Method: the methodological study was structured into three different aspects: content validity by expert judges based on calculation of the Content Validity Index; face evaluation by design expert judges; and pilot implementation, carried out with the target population, consisting of 30 patients in a nephrology clinic from Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Data collection took place from December 2020 to April 2021, and included a descriptive and inferential analysis of the findings. Results: the final version of the booklet had 32 pages, and its overall Content Validity Index was 0.88, thus proving its content validity and indicating clarity of the language, theoretical relevance and practical pertinence of the educational technology. The design expert judges rated the booklet as adequate or as with superior quality. The mean of the overall agreement rate by the target audience was 0.99. Conclusion: the educational booklet presented satisfactory validation evidence, based on its face and content, with good potential for use in the clinical practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar las evidencias de validez de un folleto educativo acerca de las precauciones con accesos vasculares para hemodiálisis. Método: estudio metodológico estructurado en tres vertientes: validación de contenido a cargo de jueces especialistas sobre la base de calcular el Índice de Validez de Contenido; evaluación del aspecto estético a cargo de jueces especializados en diseño; y aplicación piloto realizada con la población objetivo, compuesta por 30 pacientes de una clínica de Nefrología de Picos, Piauí, Brasil. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre diciembre de 2020 y abril de 2021, con análisis descriptivo e inferencial de los hallazgos. Resultados: la versión final del folleto tuvo 32 páginas, con un Índice de Validez de Contenido general de 0,88, evidenciando su validez en términos de contenido e indicando claridad en el lenguaje, relevancia teórica y pertinencia práctica de la tecnología educativa. Los jueces especializados en diseño calificaron al folleto al menos como adecuado. El valor medio del índice de concordancia total en la población objetivo fue 0,99. Conclusión: el folleto educativo demostró evidencias de validez satisfactorias, basadas en su contenido y apariencia, con potencial para ser usado en la práctica clínica.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar as evidências de validade de uma cartilha educativa acerca dos cuidados com acessos vasculares para hemodiálise. Método: estudo metodológico estruturado em três vertentes: validação de conteúdo por juízes especialistas com base no cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo; avaliação de aparência por juízes de design; e aplicação piloto, realizada com a população-alvo, composta por 30 pacientes de uma clínica de nefrologia em Picos, Piauí, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de dezembro de 2020 a abril de 2021, com análise descritiva e inferencial dos achados. Resultados: a versão final da cartilha contou com 32 páginas, cujo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo geral mostrou-se em 0,88, evidenciando sua validade de conteúdo e sinalizando clareza na linguagem, relevância teórica e pertinência prática da tecnologia educacional. Os juízes de design avaliaram a cartilha como adequada ou superior. A média do índice de concordância total do público-alvo foi de 0,99. Conclusão: a cartilha educativa demonstrou evidências de validade satisfatórias, baseadas no conteúdo e na aparência, com potencial de utilização na prática clínica.

Health educational technology for incarcerated women in the light of health literacy / Tecnología educativa en salud para mujeres privadas de libertad, a la luz de la alfabetización en salud / Tecnologia educativa sobre saúde para mulheres privadas de liberdade à luz do letramento em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the content of educational videos for incarcerated women, in the light of health literacy. Method: methodological study with development of three videos for incarcerated women with themes chosen by them (Menstrual Cycle, Arterial Hypertension and Epilepsy), developed in four stages: construction of storyboards, validation by expert judges, construction of videos and validation by the public. The validation process was performed by seven judges with the Health Educational Content Validation Instrument, the Suitability Assessment of Materials and readability analysis. For approval, it was established that the agreement between judges should be higher than 80%, and the adequacy, according to the SAM, should be 40-100%. The incarcerated women evaluated the videos in August 2022, in a women's public prison in Ceará, using the Assistive Technology Assessment Instrument, considering the level of agreement of the positive responses above 70%. Results: the validation instrument result of the storyboards ranged from 0.92 to 1.0. In the Suitability Assessment, a percentage of 85.2% to 88.8% was reached, categorizing the materials as superior. As for readability, the values obtained (70.9 to 78.1) place the texts as easy or very easy to read. The evaluation by the target audience showed that the videos were adequate (97.8-100%). Conclusion: the three videos constructed were suitable for incarcerated women, with evidence of content validity and may be used in health education actions for this public.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar el contenido de videos educativos para mujeres privadas de libertad, a la luz de la alfabetización en salud. Método: estudio metodológico con la elaboración de tres videos para mujeres privadas de libertad, con temáticas elegidas por ellas (Ciclo Menstrual, Hipertensión Arterial y Epilepsia), desarrollados en cuatro etapas: construcción de storyboards, validación por jueces expertos, construcción de videos y validación por el publico El proceso de validación fue realizado por siete jueces utilizando el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido de Educación en Salud, la Evaluación de Idoneidad de Materiales y el análisis de legibilidad. Para su aprobación se estableció que la concordancia entre jueces debe ser superior al 80%, y la adecuación, según la Evaliación de Idoneidad, debe ser del 40-100%. Las mujeres privadas de libertad evaluaron los videos en agosto de 2022, en una prisión pública femenina de Ceará, utilizando el Instrumento de Evaluación de Tecnología Asistiva, considerando el nivel de acuerdo de respuestas positivas superior al 70%. Resultados: el resultado de la Herramienta de Validación de los guiones gráficos osciló entre 0,92 y 1,0. En la Evaluación de la idoneidad se alcanzó un porcentaje de 85,2% a 88,8% categorizando a los materiales como superiores. En cuanto a la legibilidad, los valores obtenidos (70,9 a 78,1) sitúan a los textos como fáciles o muy fáciles de leer. La evaluación por parte del público objetivo mostró que los videos eran adecuados (97,8-100%). Conclusión: los tres videos construidos fueron aptos para mujeres privadas de libertad, con evidencias de validez de contenido y podrían ser utilizados en acciones de educación en salud para ese público.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o conteúdo de vídeos educativos para mulheres privadas de liberdade, à luz do letramento em saúde. Método: estudo metodológico com desenvolvimento de três vídeos para mulheres privadas de liberdade, com temas por elas escolhidos (Ciclo Menstrual, Hipertensão Arterial e Epilepsia), desenvolvidos em quatro etapas: construção dos storyboards, validação por juízes experts, construção dos vídeos e validação pelo público. O processo de validação foi realizado por sete juízes com o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, o Suitability Assessment of Materials e análise de legibilidade. Para aprovação, foi estabelecido que a concordância entre juízes devia ser superior a 80%, e a adequação, segundo o Instrumento, devia ser de 40-100%. As mulheres apenadas avaliaram os vídeos em agosto de 2022, em uma cadeia pública feminina do Ceará, com uso do Instrumento para Avaliação de Tecnologia Assistiva, considerando o nível de concordância das respostas positivas acima de 70%. Resultados: o resultado do Instrumento de validação dos storyboards variou de 0,92 a 1,0. Na Avaliação de adequação atingiu-se percentual de 85,2% a 88,8%, categorizando os materiais como superior. Quanto à legibilidade, os valores obtidos (70,9 a 78,1) colocam os textos como fáceis ou muito fáceis de ler. A avaliação pelo público-alvo demonstrou que os vídeos estavam adequados (97,8-100%). Conclusão: os três vídeos construídos mostraram-se adequados às mulheres privadas de liberdade, com evidências de validade de conteúdo e poderão ser utilizados em ações de educação em saúde para este público.

[Family caregiver activity: meanings and beliefs]. / O fazer do cuidador familiar: significados e crenças.

This qualitative study aims at apprehending the meanings and beliefs of caregiver of people with methabolic syndrome in the domiciliar context. It used the symbolic interactionism as theoretical referential, following the content analysis approach of Bardin. For data collection the semi-structured interviews and the free observation were used, in the period from march to may, 2005. The results demonstrate important work overload delivered to the relative by the caregiver, which implies in meaningful impact about physical, emotional and social health. It was concluded that reflections about the person who is continously involved with their relatives' care must be intensified, aiming at a better preparation of them to domiciliar therapeutic accompanying.

Estratégias para promoção da saúde e seus impactos na qualidade de vida de adultos hipertensos: revisão integrativa / Strategies for health promotion and their impact on the quality of life of hypertensive adults: integrative review

Resumo Introdução A promoção da saúde é uma prática que qualifica o cuidado e impacta positivamente a qualidade de vida, especialmente em indivíduos com hipertensão que requerem acompanhamento por toda a vida. Objetivo O presente estudo objetivou investigar as estratégias desenvolvidas para a promoção da saúde e seus impactos na qualidade de vida de adultos hipertensos. Método Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa por meio de consulta às bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos artigos originais sobre práticas de promoção da saúde realizadas com adultos hipertensos, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol e disponíveis na íntegra. Foram excluídas as pesquisas realizadas com grávidas, adolescentes e crianças hipertensas. Resultados Foram incluídos 12 artigos na revisão. As principais estratégias consistiram em práticas grupais, que consideraram o usuário como protagonista do cuidado. As atividades desenvolvidas se mostraram eficazes, pois promoveram a redução de níveis pressóricos, a adesão ao tratamento, a mudança no estilo de vida, a melhor percepção da qualidade de vida e o empoderamento dos adultos hipertensos. Conclusão As estratégias para a promoção da saúde são fundamentais para possibilitar aos adultos hipertensos a capacidade de analisar seu estado de saúde e tomar decisões para o planejamento e a manutenção do autocuidado.

Abstract Background Health promotion is a practice that qualifies care and positively impacts the quality of life, especially in individuals with hypertension who need lifelong monitoring. Objective This study aimed to investigate the strategies developed for health promotion and their impacts on the quality of life of hypertensive adults. Method An integrative review was carried out by consulting Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Original articles on health promotion practices conducted with hypertensive adults, published in the last five years, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, and available in full, were included. Researches with hypertensive pregnant women, adolescents and children were excluded. Results Twelve articles were included in the review. The main strategies consisted of group community interventions, which considered the user as protagonist of care. Activities developed proved to be effective, as they promoted the reduction of blood pressure levels, as well as adherence to treatment, change in lifestyle, better perception of quality of life and empowerment of hypertensive adults. Conclusion Strategies for health promotion are essential to enable hypertensive adults to analyze their health status and make decisions for planning and maintaining self-care.

Fragilidade clínico-funcional e sarcopenia em idosos na atenção primária à saúde / Clinical-functional frailty and sarcopenia in aged individuals in primary health care / Fragilidad clínico-funcional y sarcopenia en ancianos en la atención primaria de la salud

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a condição de fragilidade clínico-funcional e sua relação com as características sociodemográficas e a presença de sarcopenia em idosos. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido na atenção primária à saúde com 356 idosos. Coletaram-se dados entre setembro de 2018 e março de 2019, mediante formulário de dados socioeconômicos e o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional. Para análise das associações entre as variáveis categóricas, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: houve correlações positivas entre a sarcopenia e as variáveis: perda de peso (p=0,000), Índice de massa corporal <22 (p=0,026), circunferência da panturrilha <31 (p=0,007), velocidade da marcha >cinco segundos (p=0,018), estado civil (p=0,003), escolaridade (p=0,004), faixa etária (p=0,001) e condições de fragilidade (p=0,000). Conclusão: este estudo contribui para o conhecimento dos enfermeiros acerca das reais necessidades da pessoa idosa que busca atendimento na atenção primária.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the clinical-functional frailty condition and its relationship with the sociodemographic characteristics and with the presence of sarcopenia in aged individuals. Method: a cross-sectional study, developed with 356 aged individuals in Primary Health Care. The data were collected between September 2018 and March 2019, through a sociodemographic data form and the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index. Pearson's Chi-square test was used for the analysis of the associations between the categorical variables, with a 0.05 significance level. Results: there were positive correlations between sarcopenia and the following variables: weight loss (p=0.000), Body Mass Index <22 (p=0.026), calf circumference <31 (p=0.007), gait speed >five seconds (p=0.018), marital status (p=0.003), schooling level (p=0.004), aged group (p=0.001), and frailty conditions (p=0.000). Conclusion: this study contributes to nurses' knowledge about the real needs of older adults seeking Primary Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la condición de fragilidad clínico-funcional y su relación con las características sociodemográficas y la presencia de sarcopenia en ancianos. Método: estudio transversal, desarrollado con 356 ancianos en la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Los datos se recolectaron entre septiembre de 2018 y marzo de 2019, por medio de un formulario de datos sociodemográficos y del Índice de Vulnerabilidad Clínico-Funcional. Para el análisis de las asociaciones entre las variables categóricas se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: hubo correlaciones positivas entre sarcopenia y las siguientes variables: pérdida de peso (p=0,000), Índice de Masa Corporal <22 (p=0,026), perímetro de la pantorrilla <31 (p=0,007), velocidad de marcha >cinco segundos (p=0,018), estado civil (p=0,003), nivel de estudios (p=0,004), grupo etario (p=0,001) y condiciones de fragilidad (p=0,000). Conclusión: este estudio aporta al conocimiento de los enfermeros acerca de las genuinas necesidades de los ancianos que procuran los servicios de Atención Primaria.

Validation of an educational booklet: effect on the knowledge about prevention of metabolic syndrome in adolescents / Validación de un cuadernillo educativo: efecto sobre el conocimiento acerca de la prevención del síndrome metabólico entre adolescentes / Validação de cartilha educativa: efeito no conhecimento sobre prevenção da síndrome metabólica em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate an educational booklet for the promotion of knowledge about the prevention of Metabolic Syndrome in adolescents. Method: a time series quasi-experiment conducted in 2020 with 37 adolescents from five public schools belonging to the teaching state network of Picos, Piauí, Brazil. It was conducted in two phases: 1) development of a script of questions about the prevention of MS and its content validation by 17 experts; 2) quasi-experiment with reading of the booklet called "Síndrome Metabólica: Como me prevenir?" ("Metabolic Syndrome: How can I protect myself?", and assessment of the adolescents' knowledge through a script of questions before and after reading the booklet. To analyze content validity of the script of questions, the Content Validity Ratio was calculated (CVR>0.529). The McNemar test (p<0.05) was used to investigate the effect of the educational booklet on the adolescents' knowledge. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal do Piauí. Results: the script of question's overall CVR was 0.718, representing good content validation. Three assertions were removed (CVR>0.529). Regarding the adolescents' knowledge, 45.9% improved it, with no significant difference (p=0.067). Conclusion: the adolescents' knowledge was higher in almost half of the participants in the post-test, showing that reading the educational booklet favored knowledge about the prevention of Metabolic Syndrome.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar el cuadernillo educativo para promover el conocimiento sobre la prevención del Síndrome Metabólico entre adolescentes. Método: cuasi experimento de series temporales realizado en 2020 con 37 adolescentes de cinco escuelas públicas pertenecientes a la red estatal de enseñanza de Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Se realizó en dos fases: 1) desarrollo del guion de preguntas sobre prevención del SM y su validación de contenido a cargo de 17 especialistas; 2) cuasiexperimento con lectura del cuadernillo "Síndrome Metabólica: Como me prevenir?" ("Síndrome Metabólico: ¿Cómo puedo protegerme?"), y evaluación del conocimiento de los adolescentes antes y después de la lectura a través del guion de preguntas. Para analizar la validez del contenido del guion de preguntas, se calculó la Relación de Validez de Contenido (Content Validity Ratio, CVR>0,529). Para investigar el efecto del cuadernillo educativo sobre el conocimiento de los adolescentes, se utilizó la prueba de McNemar (p<0,05). El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Universidade Federal do Piauí. Resultados: el CVR total del guion fue de 0,718, lo que representa buena validación del contenido del guion de preguntas. Se eliminaron tres afirmaciones (CVR>0,529). En relación con el conocimiento de los adolescentes, el 45,9% presentó mejoras, sin diferencias significativas (p=0,067). Conclusión: el conocimiento de los adolescentes fue superior en prácticamente la mitad de los participantes en el post-test, lo que demuestra que leer el cuadernillo educativo favoreció el conocimiento sobre la prevención del Síndrome Metabólico.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar a cartilha educativa para promoção do conhecimento sobre prevenção da Síndrome Metabólica em adolescentes. Método: quase experimento de séries temporais realizado em 2020 com 37 adolescentes de cinco escolas públicas da rede estadual de ensino de Picos-Piauí-Brasil. Foi realizado em duas fases: 1) desenvolvimento de roteiro de questões sobre prevenção da SM e sua validação de conteúdo por 17 especialistas; 2) quase-experimento com implementação de leitura da cartilha "Síndrome Metabólica: Como me prevenir?", e avaliação do conhecimento dos adolescentes pré e pós-leitura via roteiro de questões. Para análise da validade de conteúdo do roteiro de questões calculou-se a Content Validity Ratio (CVR>0,529). Para investigar o efeito da cartilha educativa no conhecimento dos adolescentes utilizou-se o teste de McNemar (p<0,05). O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Resultados: a CVR total do roteiro foi de 0,718, representando boa validação de conteúdo do roteiro de questões. Três assertivas foram eliminadas (CVR>0,529). Sobre o conhecimento dos adolescentes, 45,9% melhoraram seu conhecimento, sem diferença significativa (p=0,067). Conclusão: o conhecimento dos adolescentes foi maior em quase metade dos adolescentes no pós-teste, demonstrando que a leitura da cartilha educativa favoreceu o conhecimento sobre a prevenção da Síndrome Metabólica.

Temporal trend of simultaneous risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases: National School Health Survey 2009, 2012, 2015 / Tendência temporal dos fatores de risco simultâneos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2009, 2012, 2015

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of simultaneous occurrence of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazilian school adolescents. Methods: Ecological time-series study that analyzed data from the three editions of the National Survey of School Health with students in the 9th year of public and private schools. Cluster analysis was performed to identify the simultaneity of the following factors: irregular consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods, regular consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, insufficient level of physical activity during leisure time, consumption of alcoholic beverages, use of cigarettes and illicit drugs. The cluster trend was tested using simple linear regression. Results: The sample was composed of 173,310 school adolescents. Sixty-four possible combinations were evaluated, resulting in the formation of six clusters. The grouping formed by all factors showed the highest ratios observed/expected prevalence in the last two years of the series. The highest ratios were observed for combinations in which alcohol and cigarettes were present. These substances integrated five of the six clusters. One of the groups (insufficient level of physical activity during leisure time + consumption of alcoholic beverages + use of cigarettes and illicit drugs) had an upward trend throughout the series. Conclusion: The trend analysis showed four out of six clusters remaining stable throughout the series, which shows that the factors are persistently present among school adolescents.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da ocorrência simultânea de fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, que analisou os dados das três edições da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar dos alunos do 9º ano de escolas públicas e privadas. Realizou-se a análise de cluster para a identificação da simultaneidade dos seguintes fatores: consumo irregular de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, consumo regular de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, nível insuficiente de atividade física no lazer, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, uso de cigarro e de drogas ilícitas. A tendência dos clusters foi testada utilizando-se regressão linear simples. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 173.310 escolares. Sessenta e quatro possíveis combinações foram avaliadas, havendo a formação de seis clusters. O agrupamento formado por todos os fatores apresentou as maiores razões entre prevalências observadas e esperadas para os dois últimos anos da série. As maiores razões foram verificadas para as combinações em que estavam presentes o álcool e o cigarro. Além disso, essas substâncias integraram cinco dos seis clusters. Um dos agrupamentos (nível insuficiente de atividade física no lazer + consumo de bebidas alcóolicas + uso de cigarro e drogas ilícitas) apresentou tendência crescente durante toda a série. Conclusão: A análise de tendência constatou que quatro de seis clusters mantiveram-se estáveis durante toda a série, demonstrando que os fatores continuam presentes de forma persistente entre os adolescentes escolares.

Promoção da saúde mental de universitários por meio de vídeo educativo: relato de experiência / Promoting the mental health of university students through educational video: experience report

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de graduandos em Enfermagem e Medicina na elaboração e divulgação de um vídeo motivacional como estratégia de promoção da saúde mental de estudantes universitários.Métodos: relato de experiência acerca da construção e divulgação de um vídeo produzido por discentes da Universidade Federal do Piauí, em setembro de 2019, voltado à promoção dobem-estar psicológico e emocional do público-alvo universitário. A temática escolhida englobou a valorização da vida, abordada na campanha "Setembro Amarelo". Realizou-se uma pesquisa na literatura científica sobre as principais demandas psicológicas de universitários, em seguida, foram selecionados seis discentes com histórias de vida inspiradoras e seguiu-se para as etapasde criação do conteúdo, filmagens e divulgação do produto audiovisual.Resultados: os depoimentos trataram sobre as vivências pregressas à entrada na universidade, desafios na graduação, dificuldades financeiras, conquistas e superações. A experiência na construção do vídeo motivacional permitiu contemplar o quão particulares e diversos são os obstáculos e as superações para a formação no ensino superior. Conclusão: a elaboração do vídeo pelos universitários demonstrou-se uma experiência exitosa, pois transmitiu na película exemplos de apoio mútuo entre discentes que compartilham de demandas psicológicas semelhantes, com relatos de desafios e conquistas em prol da formação universitária

Objective: to report the experience of undergraduate students in Nursing and Medicine in the elaboration and dissemination of a motivational video as a strategy to promote the mental health of university students.Methods:this is anexperience report about the construction and dissemination of a video produced by students of the Federal University of Piauí, in September 2019, that aimed at promoting the psychological and emotional well-being of the university target audience. The theme chosen encompassed the valorization of life, addressed in the campaign "Yellow September". The research was carried out in the scientific literature on the main psychological demands of university students, then six students with inspiring life stories were selected and followed by the stages of content creation, filming and dissemination of the audiovisual product. Results: the statements dealt with the experiences before entering the university, challenges in graduation, financial difficulties, achievements and overcoming. The experience in the construction of motivational video allowed us to contemplate how particular and diverse are the obstacles and overcoming for training in higher education. Conclusion: the preparation of the video by the university students proved to bea successful experience because it transmitted in the film examples of mutual support among students who share similar psychological demands, with reports of challenges and achievements in favor of university education.