Social Health and Its Influence on Metabolic Health Among a Rural Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Spanish rural population and assess differences in prevalence according to loneliness level, social isolation, and social support. This is a cross-sectional study of 310 patients. MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel. The UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Social Support, and Lubben Social Network Scale were used to assess loneliness, perceived social support, and social isolation. Almost half of the participants fulfilled MetS diagnosis criteria. Subjects with MetS showed significantly higher levels of loneliness, less social support, and greater social isolation. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in socially isolated rural adults. Environmental factors may play a key role in the prevalence of MetS, so specific screening and prevention programs could help health professionals prevent the increasing rates of MetS in rural populations under these socially specific conditions of vulnerability.

[Radiopathologic update on dementias: postmortem magnetic resonance.]. / Actualización radiopatológica en demencias. Resonancia magnética posmortem.

Neurodegenerative diseases that course with dementia represent a public health problem that is growing in importance, mostly due to the aging of the population. Imaging techniques provide essential diagnostic and prognostic information. Some classifications of these diseases have recently been modified through the incorporation of histological, immunohistochemical, and genetic criteria. This article reviews the different radiological and pathological aspects of the most common diseases that course with dementia. We studied brains from our community's tissue bank with postmortem MRI and posterior histological examination and illustrate this exposition with images from the radiopathologic correlation.

[Outbreak of fungemias by Sarocladium kiliense in eight public hospitals per intrinsic contamination of ondansetron intravenous]. / Brote de fungemias por Sarocladium kiliense en ocho hospitales públicos por contaminación intrínseca de ondansetrón intravenoso.

Sarocladium kiliense is a saprophyte fungus that can cause opportunistic infections associated to invasive procedures. We report a multi-hospital nosocomial outbreak of fungemias due to this agent. Patients with positive blood culture to this agent were studied after six bloodstream infections identified in three Chilean hospitals in July 2013 were reported to Ministry of Health National Infection and Prevention Control Program. In general, there were mild clinical manifestations, without deaths attributable to the infection. Epidemiological and micro-biological study identified 65 cases in 8 hospitals, mostly pediatric patients in chemotherapy. Initial studies of 94 different drugs and medical devices had negative results, until a second analysis of specific blisters and their pharmaceutical matrix selected by epidemiological criteria identified an intrinsic contamination of ondansetron blisters from a specific producer used in all the patients. A recall of contaminated ondansetron blisters was performed in all the country, after which the outbreak was contained. Surveillance and response of local and national infection prevention and control programs and laboratory support were key to control of a national multi-hospital common source outbreak due to contamination of a drug by an unusual fungus.

Brote de fungemias por Sarocladium kiliense en ocho hospitales públicos por contaminación intrínseca de ondansetrón intravenoso / Outbreak of fungemias by Sarocladium kiliense in eight public hospitals per intrinsic contamination of ondansetron intravenous

Resumen Introducción: Sarocladium kiliense es un hongo saprófito que puede generar infecciones oportunistas asociadas a procedimientos invasores. Se informa un brote multicéntrico nosocomial de fungemias de fuente común por este agente. Luego del reporte de cinco casos en pacientes en tres hospitales al Programa de Control de Infecciones del Ministerio de Salud de Chile en julio de 2013, se estudiaron a nivel nacional todos los pacientes con hemocultivo positivo para este agente. Se trató de cuadros clínicos leves a moderados, sin muertes atribuibles. El estudio identificó 65 casos en 8 hospitales, en su mayoría pacientes pediátricos en quimioterapia. Estudios iniciales de 94 muestras de cuatro fármacos y dispositivos usados en todos los casos resultaron negativas hasta que, en un segundo análisis de lotes seleccionados por criterios epidemiológicos y su matriz farmacéutica, se identificó la contaminación intrínseca de ampollas de ondansetrón de un productor específico, que se usó en todos los casos. Se realizó un retiro nacional de las ampollas de los tres lotes contaminados del fármaco, después de lo cual se contuvo el brote. La vigilancia de infecciones en los hospitales y el programa nacional coordinado con los laboratorios de microbiología fueron claves para identificar un brote multicéntrico de fuente común por contaminación de un fármaco por un hongo inusual.

Sarocladium kiliense is a saprophyte fungus that can cause opportunistic infections associated to invasive procedures. We report a multi-hospital nosocomial outbreak of fungemias due to this agent. Patients with positive blood culture to this agent were studied after six bloodstream infections identified in three Chilean hospitals in July 2013 were reported to Ministry of Health National Infection and Prevention Control Program. In general, there were mild clinical manifestations, without deaths attributable to the infection. Epidemiological and micro-biological study identified 65 cases in 8 hospitals, mostly pediatric patients in chemotherapy. Initial studies of 94 different drugs and medical devices had negative results, until a second analysis of specific blisters and their pharmaceutical matrix selected by epidemiological criteria identified an intrinsic contamination of ondansetron blisters from a specific producer used in all the patients. A recall of contaminated ondansetron blisters was performed in all the country, after which the outbreak was contained. Surveillance and response of local and national infection prevention and control programs and laboratory support were key to control of a national multi-hospital common source outbreak due to contamination of a drug by an unusual fungus.

[Cartilage repair: cell-based techniques]. / Reparación del cartílago articular: técnicas basadas en cultivos celulares.

INTRODUCTION: The field of cartilage repair continues to advance after cell based and single-stage chondrocyte transplantation technologies. These strategies have been widely used in developed countries, and clinical, histologic and functional outcomes are of special interest. OBJECTIVE: To describe evidence of cartilage repair techniques by means of a literature review. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Cartilage restoration through osteochondral allografting or autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) had proven efficacy, but technical and biologic limitations to these procedures exist. However, newer second-generation and third-generation cell-based technologies are being developed and tested clinically with purposes of decreasing operative morbidity, the ability to use a single-stage approach, and improve the viability and durability of cartilage repair tissue. These techniques can be used for treatment of important chondral defects in young patients and elite athletes, but well-designed randomized clinical trials should be done to confirm the value of these procedures.

[Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis: Report of 2 new cases]. / Cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo: aportación de dos casos.

OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. METHODS: Clinical and pathological study of 2 male patients 48 and 26-year-old respectively, presenting with a solid, painful mass in the head of the epididymis. The nodules were removed. RESULTS: Pathological analysis showed two papillary cystadenomas of the epididymis. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis is an epithelial tumor of unclear origin. It is associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease and infertility. They are uncommon and benign.

[Amyloidosis localized in the seminal vesicles: clinico-pathological review of 8 cases diagnosed in surgical specimens]. / Amiloidosis localizada en vesículas seminales: revisión clínico-patológica de 8 casos diagnosticados en material quirúrgico.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical and pathological study of eight cases of localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicles. Review of the literature. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and histochemical study in surgical specimens. RESULTS: Two of the eight cases studied for amyloidosis in seminal vesicles, were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens; patients had prior androgen deprivation therapy for two months. Four cases were obtained from radical cistoprostatectomy specimens because of urothelial carcinoma and the last two cases were diagnosed by transrectal prostatic needle biopsy which including a portion of seminal vesicle. Amyloidosis of seminal the vesicle is permanganate-sensitive; A-Amyloid, laminin, amyloid P protein and collagen IV negative. CONCLUSION: Localized amyloidosis ot the seminal vesicle is not an unusual finding. The incidence increases with age. The histochemical and immunohistochemical features are different from other amyloid deposits.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis A (VHA) en una poblacion de niños mexicanos / Prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in Mexican children

Se analizaron los datos con relación a la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra el virus de la hepatitis A (VHA), mediante la técnica de ELISA en 450 ninos sin antecedentes de hepatitis, con edades comprendidas entre los 3 meses y 17 años de edad, que acudieron a consulta al Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la ciudad de México en el período comprendido de septiembre de 1992 a junio de 1993. La prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG en la población estudiada, fue del 83.6 por ciento. De los niños menores de un año el 50 por ciento mostraron anticuerpo, el 80 por ciento a los 3 años 80 por ciento, y el 96 por ciento a los 10 años de edad. Sólo 9 niños de los 450 tuvieron además anticuerpos IgM contra el virus de la hepatitis A. Se concluye que la prevalencia de HVA en la población que estudiamos es semejante a lo referido hace 13 años en México.