Interpretive Differences Between Patients and Radiologists Regarding the Diagnostic Confidence Associated With Commonly Used Phrases in the Radiology Report.

OBJECTIVE: Despite patients' increasing interest in reading their own imaging results, little is known about how patients interpret the reporting terminology of radiologists. The purpose of this study was to survey patients and radiologists to improve understanding of how each group views commonly used phrases within the radiology report. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients and radiologists were asked to assign a numerical likelihood of the presence of metastatic disease based on their understanding of radiology report phrasing. Commonly used qualifying phrases, such as "likely represents," "concerning for," and "cannot exclude" were evaluated to compare differences in interpretation between patients and radiologists. Potential responses for statistical likelihoods included 0-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-99%, and 100%. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the two groups with respect to assigned statistical likelihoods for most phrases. Patients identified the phrase "probably meta-static disease" as conferring the highest likelihood of true malignancy, even though radiologists rated this phrase as conferring the sixth highest likelihood (p = 0.002). Radiologists consistently identified the phrase "diagnostic for metastatic disease" as conveying the highest likelihood of metastatic disease, whereas patients ranked this phrase as having the third highest numerical likelihood (p < 0.001). The phrase "cannot exclude cancer" was assigned the lowest numerical likelihood by both groups. CONCLUSION: Patients and radiologists have differing perceptions of the specific semantic meaning of the language in radiology reports. A variable interpretation of the radiologist's diagnostic confidence may lead to confusion and dissatisfaction with the report. Radiologists should consider that patients read their reports and should endeavor to use strategies to convey imaging results clearly and effectively.

Radiology Reporting: Current Practices and an Introduction to Patient-Centered Opportunities for Improvement.

OBJECTIVE: As health care evolves, the radiology report must also change to satisfy referring physician and patient expectations. Knowledge of the issues and controversies regarding a patient-centered approach to reporting practices is important. This article will aid the radiologist in this endeavor by summarizing key facets of radiology reporting, including current reporting standards and emerging patient-centered concepts in report language, formatting, and delivery. CONCLUSION: Future efforts to improve radiology reporting practices need to account for the needs of an increasingly heterogeneous audience that includes patients. Radiologists must exploit information technologies to craft and deliver meaningful patient-centered reports. A modern radiology report will be a powerful, flexible document that strengthens the connection between the radiologist and the patient.

BRCA-associated Cancers: Role of Imaging in Screening, Diagnosis, and Management.

Harmful mutations of the BRCA tumor suppressor genes result in a greater lifetime risk for malignancy-breast and ovarian cancers in particular. An increased risk for male breast, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal, pancreatic, prostate, and colon cancers also has been reported. The BRCA gene is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and tends to be highly penetrant; thus, there is an increased incidence of these cancers in affected families. Compared with sporadic tumors, BRCA-associated malignancies have unique manifestations, clinical features, and pathologic profiles. Manifestation at an early patient age, high-grade tumors, and an aggressive clinical course are common features of BRCA-associated malignancies. Understanding the behavior of these cancers aids in identification of affected individuals and families, who can then make informed decisions regarding their future health. Enhanced screening, prophylactic surgery, and chemoprevention are options for managing cancer risk factors in these individuals. Imaging has an important role in the screening, evaluation, staging, and follow-up of BRCA-associated malignancies. Supplemental screening of BRCA mutation carriers often begins at an early age and is critical for early and accurate cancer diagnoses. The authors review the etiopathogenesis and imaging features of BRCA-associated malignancies, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to determining the diagnosis, and the treatment of patients who have these mutations to improve their outcomes. © RSNA, 2017.