RESUMO
Currently enzootic avian influenza H5N1, H9N2, and H5N8 viruses were introduced into poultry in Egypt in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Infections with H5N1 and H9N2 were reported among poultry-exposed humans. We followed 2,402 persons from households raising backyard poultry from 5 villages in Egypt during August 2015-March 2019. We collected demographic, exposure, and health condition data and annual serum samples from each participant and obtained swab samples from participants reporting influenza-like illness symptoms. We performed serologic and molecular analyses and detected 4 cases of infection with H5N1 and 3 cases with H9N2. We detected very low seroprevalence of H5N1 antibodies and no H5N8 antibodies among the cohort; up to 11% had H9 antibodies. None of the exposure, health status, or demographic variables were related to being seropositive. Our findings indicate that avian influenza remains a public health risk in Eqypt, but infections may go undetected because of their mild or asymptomatic nature.
Assuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H9N2 , Influenza Aviária , Influenza Humana , Animais , Egito/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Aves Domésticas , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Due to the challenges for developing vaccines in devastating pandemic situations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), developing and screening of novel antiviral agents are peremptorily demanded. Herein, we developed EGYVIR as a potent immunomodulatory herbal extract with promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. It constitutes of a combination of black pepper extract with curcumin extract. The antiviral effect of EGYVIR extract is attributed to the two key phases of the disease in severe cases. First, the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NF-kß p50, attenuating the SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated cytokine storm. Additionally, the EGYVIR extract has an in vitro virucidal effect for SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro study of EGYVIR extract against SARS-CoV-2 on Huh-7 cell lines, revealed the potential role of NF-kß/TNFα/IL-6 during the infection process. EGYVIR antagonizes the NF-kß pathway in-silico and in-vitro studies. Consequently, it has the potential to hinder the release of IL-6 and TNFα, decreasing the production of essential cytokines storm elements.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Curcuma/química , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Cinética , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/metabolismo , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Piper nigrum/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Células VeroRESUMO
This report announces the complete genome sequences of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolates detected in Egypt. The isolates were obtained from oropharyngeal swab specimens from two Egyptians in Upper and Lower Egypt. Sequence analysis showed mutations that differentiate Egyptian strains from the reference strain 2019-nCoV WHU01.