Intrarenal teratoma: report of two cases seen in a 31-year retrospective study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

UNLABELLED: Germ cell neoplasms which have the potentials of differentiating along somatic cell lines are regarded as teratomas. They are mature teratomas when tissues are fully differentiated and immature teratomas when primitive or immature tissue elements are present. In this retrospective study, we analyzed all the renal biopsies submitted to the Department of Pathology of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, South-West Nigeria over a thirty one year period (1981-2011). Over the period, a total of 119,986 specimens were received for histological assessment and only 1,027 (0.86%) represented kidney specimens which included all the trucut biopsies and nephrectomies. Two (0.19%) of the nephrectomy specimens from a one-year and a five-month old children were diagnosed as mature and immature cystic teratoma respectively. The sample from the one-year-old child was heavy (810 g), cystic and measured 17 x 10 x 10 cm. On microscopy, the tissues were predominantly mature neural tissue, mature skeletal muscle, cartilage and foci of normal kidney tissue while the sample from the five month old child was almost double the weight of the former (1600 g) and measured 18 x 14 x 9 cm. Cut sections revealed cystic and solid areas comprising bone, glial tissue, primitive neuroectodermal tissue, choroid plexus, immature cartilage, skeletal muscle, fat, intestinal tissue, breast structures,odontogenic and squamous epithelial tissues on microscopy. CONCLUSION: Cystic teratoma is a rare occurrence in kidneys.

The Pharmacobiochemical Effects of Ethanol Extract of Justicia secunda Vahl Leaves in Rattus Norvegicus.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the biochemical effects of ethanol leaves extract on Wistar rats and also shed light on its constituents and phytonutrients. METHODS: The ethanolic extract of J. secunda leaves was prepared using conventional methods. Then, proximate and phytochemical analyses of the extracts were carried out using several methods previously reported in the literatures. The biochemical studies were also carried out as reported in previous literatures. RESULTS: The ethanolic leaves extract contains appreciable quantities of phytonutrients and micronutrients as well as phytochemical constituents. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 3800mg/kg body weight. There was a dose-dependent elevation of the blood sugar in comparison with the control. There was no significant increase on the bilirubin and liver enzymes levels or on the haematological parameters of the lab animals. The extract significantly elevated the lipid profile (P value < 0.0001), the glomerular filtration rate (increased creatinine and blood urea levels - P value < 0.0001), the serum electrolytes and the animals' weight. There was a significant decrease in the anion gap (P value < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The ethanol leaf extract of Justicia secunda has negative cardiac and renal effects on Wistar rats, causing increased lipid profile values, creatinine and blood urea levels in the experimental animals compared with control. The LD50 is below the safety level. Caution should be exercised as the biochemical profiles of cardiac and renal effects do not seem to be promising and the LD50 is below the safety level.

Multi-Antibiotic Resistance and Factors Affecting Carriage of Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Pediatric Population of Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.

Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms have become a serious challenge in healthcare delivery globally. The prevalence of ESBL carriage in healthy and sick children in Enugu, Nigeria, was bacteriologically investigated in this study. Four hundred and twenty-two biological samples (mid-stream urine and feces) were bacteriologically analyzed. The isolates were screened for ESBL production using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. The suspected ESBL producers were confirmed using double disc synergy test method. Out of the 162 isolates screened, 32 (19.8%) were confirmed as ESBL positive, with a prevalence of 25.32% among sick children in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane, Enugu and 13.89% in apparently healthy children in a community setting. Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 34.6% and 28.6%, respectively; Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. were 18.2% and 16.7%, respectively. The ESBL positive isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%), tetracycline (100%), kanamycin (96.9%), nitrofurantoin (84.4%), ciprofloxacin (68.6%), and chloramphenicol (62.5%) but susceptible to meropenem (100%), colistin (56.3%), and gentamicin (50%). Klebsiella spp. had the highest ESBL occurrence among sick children while E. coli had the highest ESBL occurrence among healthy children in Enugu. All ESBL-positive isolates were multiply resistant to conventional antibiotics. The emergence and spread of ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community environments highlight the possibility for an infection outbreak if not checked.