RESUMO
The growing trend toward high-throughput proteomics demands rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) cycles that limit the available time to gather the large numbers of MS/MS fragmentation spectra required for identification. Orbitrap analyzers scale performance with acquisition time and necessarily sacrifice sensitivity and resolving power to deliver higher acquisition rates. We developed a new mass spectrometer that combines a mass-resolving quadrupole, the Orbitrap, and the novel Asymmetric Track Lossless (Astral) analyzer. The new hybrid instrument enables faster acquisition of high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) MS/MS spectra compared with state-of-the-art mass spectrometers. Accordingly, new proteomics methods were developed that leverage the strengths of each HRAM analyzer, whereby the Orbitrap analyzer performs full scans with a high dynamic range and resolution, synchronized with the Astral analyzer's acquisition of fast and sensitive HRAM MS/MS scans. Substantial improvements are demonstrated over previous methods using current state-of-the-art mass spectrometers.
RESUMO
Reflectron-based time-of-flight analyzers rely on subnanosecond detector time response to achieve acceptable resolving power for low-mid-mass, multiple-ion peaks. With the adoption of multireflection analyzers, order of magnitude longer folded ion paths relax restrictions on detector response time, allowing implementation of new technologies that greatly improve dynamic range, detector lifetime, and ion detection efficiency. A detection system is presented, integrated into a multireflection analyzer, that combines 10 keV postacceleration and focal plane correction with a unique BxE focusing, optically coupled detector, preamplification, and dual-channel digitization. Calibration and peak-handling methods are also described. The instrument demonstrated >1 × 104 dynamic range in a single shot, > 100k resolving power, and a relative immunity to detector aging.
RESUMO
Strength-based assessment can enhance clinical clarity, improve the range of information, and provide a more complete picture of clients and their circumstances. Deficit-oriented assessment has improved the assessment and treatment of a number of disorders but, at the same time, has created a negative bias, considered strengths as clinical peripheries or by-products, tended to reduce clients to diagnostic categories, and created a power differential, which could be counterproductive to clinical efficacy. Strength-based assessment explores weaknesses as well as strengths to effectively deal with problems. We present a number of strength-based strategies for use in clinical practice. These strategies, we hope, will help clinicians to operationalize how strengths and weaknesses reverberate and contribute to a client's psychological status, which is comprehensive and guards against negative bias.