Long-range and high-resolution correlation optical time-domain reflectometry using a monolithic integrated broadband chaotic laser.

We experimentally demonstrate a compact, long-range, high-resolution chaotic correlation optical time-domain reflectometry based on a monolithic integrated chaotic laser (MICL). The MICL can directly generate a broadband chaotic signal covering a RF frequency range of over 40 GHz. Multi-reflection events can be precisely located in a detection range of ∼47 km with a range-independent resolution of 2.6 mm.

Widely tunable monolithic dual-mode laser for W-band photonic millimeter-wave generation and all-optical clock recovery.

We demonstrate a monolithic dual-mode amplified feedback laser for photonic millimeter-wave generation and all-optical clock recovery. Dual-mode lasing with beating frequency around 100 GHz was realized by using a single-mode distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a short feedback cavity that was integrated by simple quantum-well intermixing technology. By tuning the bias currents of the laser sections, the beating-frequency can be continuously tuned from 75 to 109 GHz, almost covering the entire W-band (75-110 GHz). Furthermore, by using this device, an all-optical clock recovery for 100 Gbit/s return-to-zero on-off-keying signal was achieved with a timing jitter of 301 fs.

Frequency-tunable optoelectronic oscillator using a dual-mode amplified feedback laser as an electrically controlled active microwave photonic filter.

A widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a self-injection-locked monolithic dual-mode amplified feedback laser (DM-AFL) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed OEO structure, the DM-AFL functions as an active tunable microwave photonic filter (MPF). By tuning the injection current applied on the amplifier section of the AFL, tunable microwave outputs ranging from 32 to 41 GHz and single sideband phase noises below -97 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset from the carriers were realized.

Tunable optical microwave generation using self-injection locked monolithic dual-wavelength amplified feedback laser.

A tunable optical microwave generation scheme using self-injection locked monolithic dual-wavelength amplified feedback laser (AFL) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By using a dual-loop feedback scheme, the 3-dB linewidth of the optical microwave output resulting from mode beating is reduced from MHz to kHz scale. Optical microwave generation tunable from 30 to 38 GHz with 3-dB linewidth below 2 kHz is experimentally demonstrated.

Psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Psychological empowerment is generally understood to be associated with job satisfaction among nurses. However, recently published literature has questioned this association. Objective: We aimed to systematically investigate through a meta-analysis the association of psychological empowerment with job satisfaction among nurses. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and Embase were used to search targeted studies from conception to 20 January 2022. The correlation coefficients of each study were extracted and converted into Fisher's Z. Finally, pooled r was calculated by Fisher's Z and standard error (SE). Results: A total of 28 studies encompassing 27 articles with 7,664 registered nurses were included. The pooled correlation coefficient between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction was 0.55. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to ethnicity, and the correlation in the Asian participants (P < 0.01) was significantly stronger (P < 0.05) than that of the Caucasian nurses (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Psychological empowerment is strongly correlated to job satisfaction for registered nurses, especially among those from Asian countries. Interventions designed for psychological empowerment could be one of the strategies to promote the retention of nurses. Nonetheless, additional future studies are essential for more investigations.

640-Gbit/s fast physical random number generation using a broadband chaotic semiconductor laser.

An ultra-fast physical random number generator is demonstrated utilizing a photonic integrated device based broadband chaotic source with a simple post data processing method. The compact chaotic source is implemented by using a monolithic integrated dual-mode amplified feedback laser (AFL) with self-injection, where a robust chaotic signal with RF frequency coverage of above 50 GHz and flatness of ±3.6 dB is generated. By using 4-least significant bits (LSBs) retaining from the 8-bit digitization of the chaotic waveform, random sequences with a bit-rate up to 640 Gbit/s (160 GS/s × 4 bits) are realized. The generated random bits have passed each of the fifteen NIST statistics tests (NIST SP800-22), indicating its randomness for practical applications.