Role of CT scan in diagnosis of renal lymphangiectasia: our single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: Renal lymphangiectasia is rarely reported benign renal disorder of lymphatic malformation. Though found incidentally; it presents with nonspecific symptoms and shows characteristic findings in radiological imaging studies. AIM: Here, we report eight patients with symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings compatible with renal lymphangiectasia. This report describes clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, Imaging findings and outcome of a series of patients with renal lymphangiectasia and reviews the literature. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Eight patients (mean age 45 years, male:female ratio 3:1) from 1st January 2011 to 30th June 2016; showing renal lymphangiectasia as incidental finding on CT IVP were included in the series. Imaging and laboratory findings were reviewed. Two out of eight patients (25%) underwent aspiration of collection and laboratory findings confirmed the diagnosis of renal lymphangiectasia. Four out of eight patients (50%) did not undergo aspiration of fluid and were offered conservative treatment. Two out of eight patients (25%) were donors for renal transplantation who were managed conservatively. RESULTS: Renal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed on CT IVP. In each case, where aspiration of collection fluid was offered, the laboratory diagnosis of renal lymphangiectasia was confirmed and patients were managed conservatively. However, large collection in one patient was relieved by percutaneous aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: Renal lymphangiectasia can be diagnosed with CT scan and confirmed by laboratory tests. As it may be confused with other cystic lesions of kidney; proper diagnosis and exclusion of other differentials can be effectively offered by CT scan IVP, which can avoid unnecessary invasive treatment options.

Unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia: Prenatal diagnosis on ultrasound.

Multicystic renal dysplasia (MCRD) is the most common cause of abnormally enlarged kidney, diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound examination. It is an abnormality of the embryonic development in which the renal parenchyma is substituted by nonfunctioning renal tissue made up of cysts which do not communicate with each other. Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), pelviureteric junction obstruction, vesicoureteric junction obstruction, and ureterocele are the most commonly seen abnormalities in contralateral kidney. Here, we report a case of prenatal diagnosis of unilateral MCRD with VUR in contralateral kidney. In conclusion, we want to emphasize optimal use of ultrasound imaging to detect such abnormalities as early as possible to guide the proper management.

Renal Papillary Necrosis: Role of Radiology.

Renal Papillary Necrosis (RPN) is idefined as Ischemic necrobiosis of the papilla in the medulla of the kidneys. Variety of etiological factors are recognized which cause papillary necrosis, such as analgesic nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, urinary obstruction and sickle cell haemoglobinopathy. The early diagnosis of RPN is important to improve prognosis and reduce morbidity. Radiological Imaging offers early diagnosis and can guide prompt treatment of papillary necrosis and can minimize a decline in renal function. Here we report three cases of RPN with typical imaging findings. One of them was diabetic and hypertensive female with recurrent Urinary tract Infections and other was a male with no known co-morbidity. Both of them were diagnosed to have renal papillary necrosis on CT scan and were managed operatively and conservatively, respectively. Third case was a healthy female being investigated to be renal donor for her son. Here RPN was an incidental finding and was treated conservatively. Thus CT scan could detect it pre-operatively and complications due to transplantation of a kidney with papillary necrosis were avoided. So, we want to emphasize the importance of Radiology, particularly CT scanning in detection of RPN and to guide early and prompt treatment.

Bilateral Renal Lymphangiectasia.

Renal Lymphangiectasia (RLM) is very rare benign lymphatic malformation. It can be misdiagnosed for other cystic renal masses, most commonly polycystic kidneys. Though incidentally found in most cases, it may be the cause for hypertension and renal failure in undiagnosed patients. Here, we report a case of an adult asymptomatic male with bilateral RLM which was detected as an incidental finding on ultrasound. Confirmation by CT-scan and laboratory diagnosis of aspirated fluid was done, and patient was managed conservatively.