RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of diet in the etiology of asthma is still inconclusive. This paper evaluated the longitudinal association between diet quality and chest wheezing in young adults. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study with follow-up information from 18- and 22-year-olds (18y and 22y) of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Chest wheezing occurrence and number of events in the last year were reported at 22y. Diet quality was measured with a revised version of the Healthy Eating Index (IQD-R) for the Brazilian population at 18y and 22y by food frequency questionnaire referring to the last 12 months. The diet quality continuity was classified as good (always 1st IQD-R tertile), intermediate (always 2nd tertile/change tertile) and poor (always 3rd tertile). RESULTS: A total of 2986 young individuals were evaluated; 51.4% were female. Prevalence of wheezing at 22y was 10.1% (95% CI: 9.1-11.2), and of these patients, 10% reported at least one event in the past year. Better IQD-R score, both at 18y and at 22y, the lower the odds of wheezing in the past year. Regarding the diet quality continuity from 18y to 22y, staying on a poor diet increased by more than three-fold the odds of chest wheezing (OR=3.28; 95% CI: 1.84-5.84) and of wheezing events (OR=3.32; 95% CI: 1.89-5.85) compared to staying on a good diet, after adjustment for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: The overall quality of the diet seems to be more important than the individual components in the effect on asthma symptoms. Low-quality diet persistence increased the odds of chest wheezing and the number of events.
RESUMO
RESUMO: Objetivo: Mensurar o nível de controle da asma em estudantes com relato de chiado no peito no último ano através do Asthma Control Test (ACT). Método: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado com ingressantes na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) em 2017, incluindo 1.865 universitários com 18 anos ou mais. Resultados: Cerca de 19% dos universitários apresentaram chiado no peito nos 12 meses que antecederam a entrevista. Destes, 14% apresentaram asma não controlada (ACT ≤18 pontos). A maior prevalência de asma não controlada foi observada no sexo feminino, em indivíduos com 24 anos ou mais, com a cor da pele parda, em um quarto dos universitários pertencentes às classes D e E, e naqueles que não fumam e não consomem bebida alcoólica. Conclusão: Apesar de a população estudada ser composta por universitários, observou-se uma prevalência expressiva de asma não controlada.
ABSTRACT: Objective:To measure the level of asthma control in students who have reported wheezing in the last year throughthe Asthma Control Test (ACT). Method:A cross-sectional study was carried out with students for the University Federal of Pelotas (UFPel) in 2017, including 1865 university students aged 18 years or over. Results: About 19% of the interviewees reported wheezing in the last year. Of these, 14% had uncontrolled asthma (ACT ≤ 18 points).The highest prevalence of uncontrolled asthma was observed among females, in individuals aged 24 years or older, with brown skin color, in one quarter of university students in class D and E, and who did not smoke and did not consume alcohol. Conclusion: Although the population studied was composed by university students, a considerable percentage of them had uncontrolled asthma.