Dynamic Stereochemistry of M8 Pd6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal-Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition.

A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal-coordination lability (M8 Pd6 -MOC-16, M=Ru2+ , Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent-dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8 /Λ8 -M8 Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8 Pd6 >Ni8 Pd6 >Fe8 Pd6 >Zn8 Pd6 . The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8 Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral-Δ8 /Λ8 -Zn8 Pd6 to meso-Δ4 Λ4 -Zn8 Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+ , metastable Fe2+ /Ni2+ , and labile Zn2+ , resulting in different chiral-guest induction. Strikingly, solvent-mediated host-guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8 /Λ8 -(Ru/Ni/Fe)8 Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.

Identification of hub genes based on integrated analysis of single-cell and microarray transcriptome in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating chronic cardiopulmonary disease without an effective therapeutic approach. The underlying molecular mechanism of PAH remains largely unexplored at single-cell resolution. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE210248) was included and analyzed comprehensively. Additionally, microarray transcriptome data including 15 lung tissue from PAH patients and 11 normal samples (GSE113439) was also obtained. Seurat R package was applied to process scRNA-seq data. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) was utilized for dimensionality reduction and cluster identification, and the SingleR package was performed for cell annotation. FindAllMarkers analysis and ClusterProfiler package were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each cluster in GSE210248 and GSE113439, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) were used for functional enrichment analysis of DEGs. Microenvironment Cell Populations counter (MCP counter) was applied to evaluate the immune cell infiltration. STRING was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs, followed by hub genes selection through Cytoscape software and Veen Diagram. RESULTS: Nineteen thousand five hundred seventy-six cells from 3 donors and 21,896 cells from 3 PAH patients remained for subsequent analysis after filtration. A total of 42 cell clusters were identified through UMAP and annotated by the SingleR package. 10 cell clusters with the top 10 cell amounts were selected for consequent analysis. Compared with the control group, the proportion of adipocytes and fibroblasts was significantly reduced, while CD8+ T cells and macrophages were notably increased in the PAH group. MCP counter revealed decreased distribution of CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes, and NK cells, as well as increased infiltration of monocytic lineage in PAH lung samples. Among 997 DEGs in GSE113439, module 1 with 68 critical genes was screened out through the MCODE plug-in in Cytoscape software. The top 20 DEGs in each cluster of GSE210248 were filtered out by the Cytohubba plug-in using the MCC method. Eventually, WDR43 and GNL2 were found significantly increased in PAH and identified as the hub genes after overlapping these DEGs from GSE210248 and GSE113439. CONCLUSION: WDR43 and GNL2 might provide novel insight into revealing the new molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for PAH.

Dynamic Metallosupramolecular Cages Containing 12 Adaptable Pockets for High-Order Guest Binding Beyond Biomimicry.

Molecular recognition lies at the heart of biological functions, which inspires lasting research in artificial host syntheses to mimic biomolecules that can recognize, process, and transport molecules with the highest level of complexity; nonetheless, the design principle and quantifying methodology of artificial hosts for multiple guests (≥4) remain a formidable task. Herein, we report two rhombic dodecahedral cages [(Zn/Fe)8Pd6-MOC-16], which embrace 12 adaptive pockets for multiguest binding with distinct conformational dynamics inherent in metal-center lability and are able to capture 4-24 guests to manifest a surprising complexity of binding scenarios. The exceptional high-order and hierarchical encapsulation phenomena suggest a wide host-guest dynamic-fit, enabling conformational adjustment and adaptation beyond the duality of induced-fit and conformational selection in protein interactions. A critical inspection of the host-guest binding events in solution has been performed by NMR and ESI-MS spectra, highlighting the importance of acquiring a reliable binding repertoire from different techniques and the uncertainty of quantifying the binding affinities of multiplying guests by an oversimplified method.

Peripheral atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome patients with plaque rupture vs plaque erosion: A prospective coronary optical coherence tomography and peripheral ultrasound study.

BACKGROUND: Plaque rupture (PR) and plaque erosion (PE) are 2 distinct, different, and most common culprit lesion morphologies responsible for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of peripheral atherosclerosis in ACS patients with PR vs PE has never been studied. The aim of this study was to assess peripheral atherosclerosis burden and vulnerability evaluated by vascular ultrasound in ACS patients with coronary PR vs PE identified by optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Between October 2018 and December 2019, 297 ACS patients who underwent preintervention OCT examination of the culprit coronary artery were enrolled. Peripheral ultrasound examinations of carotid, femoral, and popliteal arteries were performed before discharge. RESULTS: Overall, 265 of 297 (89.2%) patients had at least one atherosclerotic plaque in a peripheral arterial bed. Compared with coronary PE, patients with coronary PR had a higher prevalence of peripheral atherosclerotic plaques (93.4% vs 79.1%, P < .001), regardless of location: carotid, femoral, or popliteal arteries. The number of peripheral plaques per patient was significantly larger in the coronary PR group than coronary PE (4 [2-7] vs 2 [1-5], P < .001). Additionally, there was a greater prevalence of peripheral vulnerable characteristics including plaque surface irregularity, heterogeneous plaque, and calcification in patients with coronary PR vs PE. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral atherosclerosis exists commonly in patients presenting with ACS. Patients with coronary PR had greater peripheral atherosclerosis burden and more peripheral vulnerability compared to those with coronary PE, suggesting that comprehensive evaluation of peripheral atherosclerosis and multidisciplinary cooperative management maybe necessary, especially in patients with PR. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03971864).

Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Coronary Lesions Associated With Microvascular Dysfunction in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

BACKGROUND: Microvascular reperfusion following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with the prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We investigated how plaque characteristics detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in STEMI patients affect the status of the microcirculation during PCI.Methods and Results: This retrospective, single-center study was a post hoc analysis basedon the multicenter SALVAGE randomized control trial (NCT03581513) that enrolled 629 STEMI patients, and finally we enrolled 235 patients who underwent PCI and pre-intervention OCT. Microvascular perfusion was evaluated using the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion frame count (TMPFC). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the change in TMPFC from before to after PCI: improving TMPFC (n=11; 4.7%), stable TMPFC (n=182; 77.4%), and worsening TMPFC group (n=42; 17.9%). The proportion of patients with a microcirculation dysfunction before reperfusion was 11.9%, which increased significantly by (P=0.079) 8.5% to 20.4% after reperfusion. Compared with plaque characteristics in the stable and worsening TMPFC groups, the improving TMPFC group had fewer thrombi (90.7% and 90.5% vs. 89.4%, respectively; P=0.018), a lower proportion of plaque rupture (66.5% and 66.3% vs. 54.5%, respectively; P=0.029), and a lower proportion of lipid-rich plaques (89.6% and 88.1% vs. 63.6%, respectively; P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: PCI may not always achieve complete myocardial reperfusion. Thrombi, plaque rupture, and lipid-rich plaques detected by OCT can indicate microcirculation dysfunction during the reperfusion period.

Visceral adiposity index is positively associated with fasting plasma glucose: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020.

BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been recognized as a reliable indicator for visceral adiposity. However, it remains largely unexplored on its association with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The current study aims to explore the association between VAI and FPG using a representative dataset. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the dataset from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. Univariate and Multiple linear regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between VAI and FPG. Generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting analysis were performed to explore the nonlinear relationship between VAI and FPG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of VAI for FPG elevation. RESULTS: A total of 4437 participants with complete data were finally included in the research. Individuals were divided into 4 quartiles according to the calculated VAI value: Q1 (VAI<0.69), Q2 (0.69 ≤ VAI < 1.18), Q3 (1.18 ≤ VAI < 2.02) and Q4 (VAI ≥ 2.02). FPG significantly increased with the increasing VAI quartile. Multiple linear regression analysis showed VAI was independently positively associated with FPG after adjusting confounding factors. As a continuous variable, an increase of one unit in VAI was correlated with 0.52 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.41-0.63, p < 0.0001) higher FPG level. As a categorical variable, 4th VAI quartile group was related to 0.71 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.47-0.95, p < 0.001) higher FPG level compared with 1st VAI group. GAM and smooth curve fitting analysis identified the non-linear relationship between VAI and FPG, and 4.02 was identified as the inflection point using two-piecewise linear regression. The positive association between VAI and FPG existed when VAI was lower (ß = 0.73, p < 0.0001) and higher than 4.02 (ß = 0.23, p = 0.0063). ROC analysis indicated VAI has a good predictive value for FPG elevation (AUC = 0.7169, 95% CI: 0.6948-0.7389), and the best threshold of VAI was 1.4315. CONCLUSION: VAI was an independently risk indicator for FPG, and VAI was nonlinearly positively associated with FPG. VAI had a good predictive value for elevated FPG. VAI might become a useful indicator for risk assessment and treatment of hyperglycemia in clinical practice.

A longitudinal study on the effect of extreme temperature on non-accidental deaths in Hulunbuir City based on DLNM model.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the frequency and effect of extreme temperature on the non-accidental death rate in Hulunbuir, a Chinese ice city. METHODS: From 2014 to 2018, mortality data of residents residing in Hulunbuir City were collected. The lag and cumulative effects of extreme temperature conditions on non-accidental death and respiratory and circulatory diseases were analyzed by distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). RESULTS: The risk of death was the highest during high-temperature conditions, the RR value was 1.111 (95% CI 1.031 ~ 1.198). The effect was severe and acute. The risk of death during extreme low-temperature conditions peaked on the fifth day, (RR 1.057; 95% CI 1.012 ~ 1.112), then decreased and was maintained for 12 days. The cumulative RR value was 1.289 (95% CI 1.045 ~ 1.589). Heat significantly influenced the incidence of non-accidental death in both men (RR 1.187; 95% CI 1.059-1.331) and women (RR 1.252; 95% CI 1.085-1.445). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the temperature effect, the risk of death in the elderly group (≥ 65 years) was significantly higher than that of the young group (0-64 years). High-temperature and low-temperature conditions can contribute to the increased number of deaths in Hulunbei. While high-temperature has an acute effect, low-temperature has a lagging effect. Elderly and women, as well as people with circulatory diseases, are more sensitive to extreme temperatures.

A Redox-Active Supramolecular Fe4L6 Cage Based on Organic Vertices with Acid-Base-Dependent Charge Tunability for Dehydrogenation Catalysis.

Supramolecular cage chemistry is of lasting interest because, as artificial blueprints of natural enzymes, the self-assembled cage structures not only provide substrate-hosting biomimetic environments but also can integrate active sites in the confined nanospaces for function synergism. Herein, we demonstrate a vertex-directed organic-clip chelation assembly strategy to construct a metal-organic cage Fe4L68+ (MOC-63) incorporating 12 imidazole proton donor-acceptor motifs and four redox-active Fe centers in an octahedral coordination nanospace. Different from regular supramolecular cages assembled with coordination metal vertices, MOC-63 comprises six ditopic organic-clip ligands as vertices and four tris-chelating Fe(N∩N)3 moieties as faces, thus improving its acid, base, and redox robustness by virtue of cage-stabilized dynamics in solution. Improved dehydrogenation catalysis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives is accomplished by MOC-63 owing to a supramolecular cage effect that synergizes multiple Fe centers and radical species to expedite intermediate conversion of the multistep reactions in a cage-confined nanospace. The acid-base buffering imidazole motifs play a vital role in modulating the total charge state to resist pH variation and tune the solubility among varied solvents, thereby enhancing reaction acceleration in acidic conditions and rendering a facile recycling catalytic process.

Impact of nodular calcification in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

BACKGROUND: Calcified plaque is thought to adversely impact outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study sought to evaluate the impact of nodular calcification in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), 500 culprit plaques with calcification were analyzed from 495 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients on whom PCI was performed. Based on morphology, we classified calcification into two subtypes: nodular calcification and non-nodular calcification. Nodular calcification was defined as protruding mass with an irregular surface, high backscattering, and signal attenuation while non-nodular calcification was defined as an area with low backscattering heterogeneous region with a well-delineated border without protrusion into the lumen on OCT. RESULTS: Calcified culprit plaques were divided into nodular calcification group (n = 238) and non-nodular calcification group (n = 262). Patients with nodular calcification were older (p < 0.001) and had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.006) compared to patients with non-nodular calcification. Minimum stent area (5.0 (3.9, 6.3) mm2 vs. 5.4 (4.2, 6.7) mm2, p = 0.011) and stent expansion (70 (62.7, 81.8) % vs. 75 (65.2, 86.6) %, p = 0.004) were significantly smaller in the nodular calcification group than in the non-nodular calcification group. Stent under-expansion was most frequent (p = 0.003) in the nodular calcification group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that the presence of nodular calcification is associated with a smaller minimum stent area and a higher incidence of stent under-expansion. Lesions with nodular calcification may be at risk of stent under-expansion.

Is the effect of atorvastatin 60 mg on stabilization of lipid-rich plaque equivalent to that of rosuvastatin 10 mg? A serial optical coherence tomography combined with intravascular ultrasound imaging.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the effect of atorvastatin 60 (AT60) mg to that of rosuvastatin 10 (RT10) mg on the morphological changes in lipid-rich plaques (LRPs) and plaque volume, using serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS). BACKGROUND: Intensive lipid lowering therapy by statin provides more clinical benefit compared to that of moderate lipid lowering therapy. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent OCT and IVUS at baseline, 6, and 12 months were grouped by statin therapy into the AT60 mg (n = 27) and RT10 mg (n = 23) groups. The relationships between absolute and percentage changes in biomarkers and fibrous cap thickness (FCT) during follow-up were investigated using a simple regression analysis. RESULTS: At 6 months, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level reduced from 113.5 to 65.5 mg/dl (AT60 mg group) and 100.2 to 72.2 mg/dl (RT10 mg groups). A continuous increase in FCT from baseline to 12 months was observed in both groups (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). Mean lipid arc significantly decreased in both AT60 mg (189.0 ± 55.9°, 170.9 ± 60.2°, 155.6 ± 50.6°, p < .001) and RT10 mg (160.0 ± 45.6°, 151.2 ± 48.5°, 141.1 ± 52.9°, p = .010) groups. Plaque burden did not change significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lipid-lowering therapy effect with AT60 mg was equivalent to that of RT10 mg in terms of change in plaque morphology. AT60 mg showed more intensive low-density lipid cholesterol level reduction compared to RT10 mg while RT10 mg was effective in increasing the high-density lipid cholesterol level. Both statin therapies could effectively stabilize LRPs.

Predictive value of random blood glucose versus fasting blood glucose on in-hospital adverse events in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: We aim to find out the relationship between random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and in-hospital adverse events in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. We evaluate and compare the predictive value of RBG and FBG on in-hospital adverse events, and give an appropriate cut-off value of RBG and FBG. METHOD: A retrospective study enrolled 958 consecutive AMI patients undergoing emergency coronary angiography at Zhongda Hospital were enrolled from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018 was performed. RBG and FBG, baseline data and adverse events were recorded. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were defined as death, nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke. Other adverse events included malignant arrhythmia, cardiac shock and hemorrhage. Patients with RBG > 11.1 mmol/L were divided into elevated RBG group. Patients with FBG > 6.1 mmol/L were divided into elevated FBG group. The incidence of in-hospital adverse events were compared in elevated RBG/FBG group and the control group. ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of RBG and FBG on in-hospital adverse events. RESULT: The incidence of death, hemorrhage, cardiac shock and malignant arrhythmia significantly increases in elevated RBG and FBG group. Binary logistic regression showed that age, hypertension, diabetes, FBG and RBG were independent risk factors for in-hospital adverse events in STEMI patients. The AUC and 95% CI of RBG and FBG in predicting death of AMI patients were 0.789, 0.759~0.816; 0.810, 0.783~0.835, respectively. The cut-off values ​were 13.82 and 7.35 mmol/L. RBG and FBG also had fine predictive value on cardiac shock and malignant arrhythmia, no statistical difference was found in the predictive value on in-hospital adverse events (P = 0.462, P = 0.570, P = 0.694). CONCLUSION: Incidence of in-hospital adverse events significantly increases in AMI patients combined with elevated RBG or FBG. Both RBG and FBG were independent risk factors for in-hospital adverse events, they had good value on predicting in-hospital adverse events and there was no statistical difference in their predictive value.

Artificial intelligence: The future for multimodality imaging of right ventricle.

The crucial pathophysiological and prognostic roles of the right ventricle in various diseases have been well-established. Nonetheless, conventional cardiovascular imaging modalities are frequently associated with intrinsic limitations when evaluating right ventricular (RV) morphology and function. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in multimodality imaging presents a promising avenue to circumvent these obstacles, paving the way for future fully automated imaging paradigms. This review aimed to address the current challenges faced by clinicians and researchers in integrating RV imaging and AI technology, to provide a comprehensive overview of the current applications of AI in RV imaging, and to offer insights into future directions, opportunities, and potential challenges in this rapidly advancing field.

Relationship between indices of insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is a pivotal pathogenesis characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study aimed to explore the association between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), triglyceride-glucose (TyG), and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and T2DM incidence. METHODS: A total of 116,855 Chinese adults aged over 20 without diabetes were included. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic spine were utilized to investigate the association between IR indicators and T2DM. The T2DM risk across different quartiles of IR parameters was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to investigate the predictive potential of each IR indicator for future T2DM. RESULTS: A total of 2685 participants developed T2DM during a median follow-up of 2.98 years. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of incident T2DM were 1.177, 2.766, and 1.1018 for TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI, respectively. There were significant increasing trends of T2DM across the quartiles of TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI. The HRs of new-onset T2DM in the highest quartiles versus the lowest quartile of TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI were 3.298, 8.402, and 8.468. RCS revealed the nonlinear relationship between IR and T2DM risk. The correlations between IR and T2DM were more pronounced in subjects aged <40. TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value for incident T2DM (AUC = 0.774), with a cut-off value of 213.289. CONCLUSION: TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI index were all significantly positively associated with higher risk for future T2DM. Baseline TyG-BMI level had high predictive value for the identification of T2DM.

Bimetallic CoCu-modified Pt species in S-1 zeolite with enhanced stability for propane dehydrogenation.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) has been an outstanding technique with a bright prospect, which can meet the growing global demand for propylene. However, undesired side reactions result in the deactivation of the Pt-based catalysts, which contribute to the insufficient lifetime of the catalysts. Herein, we describe a novel catalyst by encapsulating bimetallic CoCu-modified Pt species in S-1 zeolite for efficient dehydrogenation of propane, which synergizes the confinement of zeolites and the geometric and electronic effects on Pt species for enhancing the catalyst stability. The introduction of bimetallic additives efficiently promotes the dispersion of platinum and the electron transfer between Pt species and the additives, which greatly prolongs the lifetime of the catalysts. Particularly, no obvious deactivation is observed on 0.2Pt0.3Co0.5CuK@S-1 after 93 h on stream with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 5.4 h-1, revealing an ultralow deactivation constant of 0.0011 h-1 (t = 909 h). The formation rate of propylene still maintains at a high value of 407 mol gPt-1 h-1 (WHSV = 21.6 h-1) at 580 ℃ even after on pure propane stream for 42 h. The catalyst with the bimetallic CoCu-modified Pt species in S-1 zeolite reveals ultra-high activity and stability for PDH, which is ascribed to the highly dispersed Pt species and the stabilization effect of bimetallic additives on Pt species.

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width to Albumin Ratio for Predicting Type I Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) is a novel inflammatory biomarker that independently predicts adverse cardiovascular events and acute kidney injury. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of RAR for cardio-renal syndrome type I (CRS-I) risk in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Patients and methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 551 patients who were definitively diagnosed as AMI between October 2021 and October 2022 at the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University. Participants were divided into two and four groups based on the occurrence of CRS-I and the quartiles of RAR, respectively. Demographic data, laboratory findings, coronary angiography data, and drug utilization were compared among the groups. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors for CRS-I and evaluated the predictive value of RAR for CRS-I. Results: Among the cohort of 551 patients, 103 (18.7%) developed CRS-I. Patients with CRS-I exhibited significantly elevated RAR levels compared to those without the condition, and the incidence of CRS-I correlated with escalating RAR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified RAR as an independent risk factor for CRS-I. ROC curves analysis demonstrated that RAR alone predicted CRS-I with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.683 (95% CI=0.642-0.741), which was superior to the traditional inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). Adding the variable RAR to the model for predicting the risk of CRS-I further improved the predictive value of the model from 0.808 (95% CI=0.781-0.834) to 0.825 (95% CI=0.799-0.850). Conclusion: RAR is an independent risk factor for CRS-I, and high levels of RAR are associated with an increased incidence of CRS-I in patients with AMI. RAR emerges as a valuable and readily accessible inflammatory biomarker that may play a pivotal role in risk stratification in clinical practice.

Interaction between astrocytes and neurons in simulated space radiation-induced CNS injury.

PURPOSE: Astronauts exhibit neurological dysfunction during long-duration spaceflight, and the specific mechanisms may be closely related to the cumulative effects of these neurological injuries in the space radiation environment. Here, we investigated the interaction between astrocytes and neuronal cells exposed to simulated space radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we selected human astrocytes (U87 MG) and neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) to establish an experimental model to explore the interaction between astrocytes and neuronal cells in the CNS under simulated space radiation environment and the role of exosomes in the interactions. RESULTS: We found that γ-ray caused oxidative and inflammatory damage in human U87 MG and SH-SY5Y. The results of the conditioned medium transfer experiments showed that astrocytes exhibited a protective effect on neuronal cells, and neuronal cells influenced the activation of astrocytes in oxidative and inflammatory injury of CNS. We demonstrated that the number and size distribution of exosomes derived from U87 MG and SH-SY5Y cells were changed in response to H2O2, TNF-α or γ-ray treatment. Furthermore, we found that exosome derived from treated nerve cells influenced the cell viability and gene expression of untreated nerve cells, and the effect of exosomes was partly consistent with that of the conditioned medium. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that astrocytes showed a protective effect on neuronal cells, and neuronal cells influenced the activation of astrocytes in oxidative and inflammatory damage of CNS induced by simulated space radiation. Exosomes played an essential role in the interaction between astrocytes and neuronal cells exposed to simulated space radiation.

Self-Powered Wireless Temperature and Vibration Monitoring System by Weak Vibrational Energy for Industrial Internet of Things.

Developing self-powered smart wireless sensor networks by harvesting industrial environmental weak vibration energy remains a challenge and an impending need for enabling the widespread rollout of the industrial internet of things (IIoT). This work reports a self-powered wireless temperature and vibration monitoring system (WTVMS) based on a vibrational triboelectric nanogenerator (V-TENG) and a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) for weak vibration energy collection and information sensing. Therein, the V-TENG can scavenge weak vibration energy down to 80 µm to power the system through a power management module, while the PENG is able to supply the frequency signal to the system by a comparison circuit. In an industrial vibration environment where the vibration frequency and amplitude are 20 Hz and 100 µm, respectively, the WTVMS can upload temperature and frequency information on the equipment to the cloud in combination with the narrowband IoT technology to realize real-time information monitoring. Furthermore, the WTVMS can work continuously for more than 2 months, during which the V-TENG can operate up to 100 million cycles, achieving ultrahigh stability and durability. By integrating weak vibration energy harvesting and active sensing technology, the WTVMS can be used for real-time online monitoring and early fault diagnosis of vibration equipment, which has great application prospects in industrial production, machinery manufacturing, traffic transportation, and intelligent IIoT.

Near-Zero Quiescent Power Sound Wake-Up and Identification System Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Sound monitoring has been widely used in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which the sensors are mainly powered by batteries with high power consumption and limited life. Here, a near-zero quiescent power sound wake-up and identification system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed, in which the sound TENG (S-TENG) is used for ambient sound energy harvesting and system activation. Once the sound intensity is higher than 65 dB, the converted and stored electric energy by the S-TENG can wake up the system within 0.5 s. By integrating a deep learning technique, the system is used for identifying sound sources, such as drilling, child playing, dog barking, and street music. In the active mode, the sound signals are recorded by a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphone and then sent to a remote computer for sound recognition through a wireless transmitter within 2.8 s. In the standby mode, the ambient sound is not enough to wake up the system, and the quiescent power consumption is only 55 nW. This work provides a triboelectric sensor-based ultralow quiescent power sound wake-up system, which has shown excellent application prospects in smart homes, unmanned monitoring, and the Internet of Things.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of MINOCA Caused by Atherosclerotic and Nonatherosclerotic Mechanisms Assessed by OCT.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery (MINOCA) is a heterogeneous syndrome caused by different pathophysiologic mechanisms. There is limited evidence regarding prognosis of patients with MINOCA caused by different mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanisms of MINOCA by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to correlate with clinical outcomes. METHODS: Patients with MINOCA were divided into 2 groups based on OCT findings: atherosclerotic MINOCA (Ath-MINOCA) and nonatherosclerotic MINOCA (non-Ath-MINOCA). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as cardiac death, nonfatal MI, target lesion revascularization, stroke, and rehospitalization for unstable or progressive angina. RESULTS: Among 7,423 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MI who underwent angiography, 190 of 294 MINOCA were studied using OCT. The causes of Ath-MINOCA (n = 99, 52.1%) were plaque erosion (n = 64, 33.7%), plaque rupture (n = 33, 17.4%), and calcified nodule (n = 2, 1.1%) whereas the causes of non-Ath-MINOCA (n = 91, 47.9%) were spontaneous coronary artery dissection (n = 8, 4.2%), coronary spasm (n = 9, 4.7%), and unclassified cause (n = 74, 38.9%). The 1-year MACE was 15.3% for Ath-MINOCA vs 4.5% for non-Ath-MINOCA (P = 0.015). An atherosclerotic cause was an independent predictor of MACE (HR: 5.36 [95% CI: 1.08-26.55]; P = 0.040), mainly driven by target lesion revascularization and rehospitalization, despite the composite endpoint including cardiac death and MI showing no difference. CONCLUSIONS: OCT identified a cause in 61.1% of MINOCA, in which Ath-MINOCA represents an important and distinct MINOCA subset. Ath-MINOCA were more common and associated with worse outcomes. (Incidence Rate of Heart Failure After Acute Myocardial Infarction With Optimal Treatment; NCT03297164; Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Patients With ACS; NCT02041650).

Admission Hyperglycemia is Associated with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Score and Complications Following Acute Myocardial Infarction During 1-Year Follow-Up.

We explored the effect of admission hyperglycemia (AH) on the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) incidence during 1-year follow-up in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. In this retrospective observational study enrolling 1098 AMI patients, hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose level ≥180 mg/dl at admission. Overall, 158 and 84 patients of 272 diabetic and 826 non-diabetic patients were diagnosed with AH, respectively. Glucose levels at admission were closely associated with the GRACE score in patients with/without diabetes. MACCEs occurred in 222 patients; patients with AH showed significantly higher MACCE incidence (28.1%). Multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis indicated that AH was an independent risk factor for 1-year MACCEs. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that hyperglycemia increases MACCE risk in non-diabetic patients but not in diabetic patients. The admission glucose level combined with GRACE risk score showed a certain predictive value for MACCE incidence according to ROC analysis (OR = 0.798, p < .001). AH was strongly associated with a higher GRACE risk score in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Thus, AH was an independent risk factor and had a high predictive value for MACCE during 1-year follow-up after AMI.