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1.
Cell Immunol ; 369: 104427, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34482259

RESUMO

Chagas disease is an important disease of the heart. Lipoxins have important regulatory functions in host immune response (IR). Herein, we examined whether the receptor for lipoxin A4, the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2, had an effect on Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In vitro, FPR2 deficiency or inhibition improved the activity of macrophages against T. cruzi. In vivo, during the acute phase, the absence of FPR2 reduced parasitemia and increased type 2 macrophages, type 2 neutrophils, and IL-10-producing dendritic cells. Moreover, the acquired IR was characterized by greater proportions of Th1/Th2/Treg, and IFNγ-producing CD8+T cells, and reductions in Th17 and IL-17-producing CD8+T cells. However, during the chronic phase, FPR2 deficient mice presented and increased inflammatory profile regarding innate and acquired IR cells (Th1/IFN-γ-producing CD8+T cells). Notably, FPR2 deficiency resulted in increased myocarditis and impaired heart function. Collectively, our data suggested that FPR2 is important for the orchestration of IR and prevention of severe T. cruzi-induced disease.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/imunologia , Miocardite/imunologia , Receptores de Formil Peptídeo/imunologia , Animais , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/complicações , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Linfócitos T/imunologia
2.
Viruses ; 15(10)2023 10 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37896826

RESUMO

Exacerbated inflammatory responses are a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Zileuton (Zi) is a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the production of several inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators. Herein, we investigated the effect of Zi treatment in a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) model. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)3-infected mice treated with Zi significantly improved the clinical score, weight loss, cardiopulmonary function, and survival rates compared with infected untreated animals. The protection observed in Zi-treated mice was associated with a lower inflammatory score, reduced dendritic cell-producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and increased neutrophil-producing interleukin (IL)-10 in the lungs three days after infection (dpi). At 5 dpi, the lungs of treated mice showed an increase in Th2-, Treg CD4+-, and Treg CD8+-producing IL-10 and reduced Th1 infiltrating cells. Furthermore, similar results were found upon Zi treatment after SARS-CoV-2 infection in transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor driven by the cytokeratin-18 (K18) gene promoter (K18-hACE2), significantly improving the clinical score, weight loss, and lung inflammatory score compared with untreated animals. Our data suggest that Zi protects against developing severe lung disease during SARS induced by betacoronavirus without affecting the host's capacity to deal with infection.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/patologia , Pulmão , Camundongos Transgênicos , Imunidade Inata , Redução de Peso , Modelos Animais de Doenças
3.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 15(11): e0009978, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34784372

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and is widely distributed worldwide because of migration. In 30% of cases, after years of infection and in the absence of treatment, the disease progresses from an acute asymptomatic phase to a chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure and death. An inadequate balance in the inflammatory response is involved in the progression of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Current therapeutic strategies cannot prevent or reverse the heart damage caused by the parasite. Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) is a pro-resolving mediator of inflammation that acts through N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). AT-RvD1 participates in the modification of cytokine production, inhibition of leukocyte recruitment and efferocytosis, macrophage switching to a nonphlogistic phenotype, and the promotion of healing, thus restoring organ function. In the present study, AT-RvD1 is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent to regulate the pro-inflammatory state during the early chronic phase of Chagas disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: C57BL/6 wild-type and FPR2 knock-out mice chronically infected with T. cruzi were treated for 20 days with 5 µg/kg/day AT-RvD1, 30 mg/kg/day benznidazole, or the combination of 5 µg/kg/day AT-RvD1 and 5 mg/kg/day benznidazole. At the end of treatment, changes in immune response, cardiac tissue damage, and parasite load were evaluated. The administration of AT-RvD1 in the early chronic phase of T. cruzi infection regulated the inflammatory response both at the systemic level and in the cardiac tissue, and it reduced cellular infiltrates, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and the parasite load in the heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: AT-RvD1 was shown to be an attractive therapeutic due to its regulatory effect on the inflammatory response at the cardiac level and its ability to reduce the parasite load during early chronic T. cruzi infection, thereby preventing the chronic cardiac damage induced by the parasite.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/genética , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/imunologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/parasitologia , Doença Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Miocárdio/imunologia , Nitroimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Carga Parasitária , Receptores de Formil Peptídeo/genética , Receptores de Formil Peptídeo/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/fisiologia
4.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 11: 706618, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34354963

RESUMO

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a major public concern owing to its neurotropic nature and high morbidity and mortality rates in immunocompromised patients and newborns. Current treatment for this disease is inefficient and produces side effects. Inflammatory mediators produced during T. gondii infection (e.g., cytokines and nitric oxide) are crucial in controlling parasite replication. In this context, Tityus serrulatus venom (TsV) induces the production of inflammatory mediators by immune cells. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and identify the components of TsV with potential anti-T. gondii activity. TsV was extracted from scorpions and lyophilized or loaded onto a column to obtain its fractions. TsV subfractions were obtained using chromatography, and its amino acid sequence was identified and applied to peptide design using bioinformatics tools. The C57BL/6 mice and their harvested macrophages were used to test the anti-Toxoplasma activity of TsV components and peptides. TsV and its fraction F6 attenuated the replication of tachyzoites in macrophages and induced nitric oxide and cytokine (IL-12, TNF, and IL-6) production by infected cells, without host cell toxicity. Moreover, Su6-B toxin, a subfraction of F6, demonstrated anti-T. gondii activity. The partially elucidated and characterized amino acid sequence of Sub6-B demonstrated 93% similarity with T. serrulatus 2 toxin (Ts2). Ts2 mimetic peptides ("Pep1," "Pep2a," and "Pep2b") were designed and synthesized. Pep1 and Pep2a, but not Pep2b, reduced the replication of tachyzoites in macrophages. In vivo, treatment of T. gondii-infected mice with Pep1, Pep2a, or Pep2b decreased the number of cerebral cysts and did not induce hepatotoxicity in the animals. Taken together, our data show promising immunomodulatory and antiparasitic activity of TsV that could be explored and applied in future therapies for treating infectious parasitic diseases such as toxoplasmosis.


Assuntos
Venenos de Escorpião , Toxoplasmose , Animais , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Citocinas , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Venenos de Escorpião/uso terapêutico , Escorpiões , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose/tratamento farmacológico
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