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BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) causes inflammation and hearing loss. Ventilation tubes are key in treatment. 3D printing improves prostheses in otorhinolaryngology, offering precision and greater adaptability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study was conducted with Wistar rats from July to December 2020. 3D tympanostomy tube models were designed, with technical specifications and tests performed on inexpensive 3D printers. The tympanostomy tube was inserted endoscopically. RESULTS: Procedures were performed on five rats with implants in both ears. Pre-intervention pathologies, such as atical retraction and glue ear, were found. The PLA-printed tympanostomy tube showed improvement after adjustments. Histopathological results revealed significant middle and inner ear damage. CONCLUSION: In our study, the design and 3D printing of implants fulfilled the desired functions when modified, with a height of 5 mm. Complications included PLA degradation and ear damage. There were no adverse events during observation, highlighting the need for further research on 3D-printed implants.
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The objective of the study was to describe the frequency of acute myocardial injury (AMI) assessed by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels and to determine the possible initial risk factors (related to the characteristics of the patient, the disease, and the initial management) in a population of adult patients with early sepsis (within the first 72 h of diagnosis) in a single tertiary hospital center in western Mexico. For the inferential statistics, the proportions of the categorical dichotomous variables were compared using the chi-square test. In all analyses, p values less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval were considered significant. We included a total of 64 patients diagnosed with early sepsis, of whom 46 presented elevated hs-cTnI and were classified as having AMI. In our study, the frequency of AMI in patients with early sepsis was 71.87%, and no significant differences were found in all of the characteristics of patients with early sepsis with and without AMI, nor was any significant association found with any of the variables analyzed. In the population of western Mexico, the frequency of AMI in patients with early sepsis, assessed by hs-cTnI levels, is high and similar to that reported in other populations worldwide.
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INTRODUCTION: Burnout syndrome is a global burden characterized by exhaustion, work detachment, and a sense of ineffectiveness. It affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence among medical students. Factors such as demanding education, exposure to suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to elevated stress levels. Addressing this issue is crucial due to its impact on well-being and health-care quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional survey study assessed fear of COVID-19 and burnout levels among medical student interns in hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The study used validated scales and collected data from September 2021 to September 2022. A snowball sampling method was employed and a minimum sample size of 198 participants was calculated. RESULTS: This study included 311 medical students (62.1% female and 37.9% male with a mean age of 23.51 ± 2.21 years). The majority were in their second semester of internship (60.5%) and from public hospitals (89.1%). Most students believed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of their internship (82.6%). Female students had higher personal burnout scores, while male students had higher work-related burnout scores. The mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 13.71 ± 6.28, with higher scores among women (p = 0.004) and those from public hospitals (p = 0.009). A positive weak correlation was found between COVID-19 scores and burnout subscales. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the significant impact of various factors on burnout levels among medical students and health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prolonged exposure to COVID-19 patients, reduced staffing, and increased workload contributed to burnout, affecting well-being and quality of care. Targeted interventions and resilience-building strategies are needed to mitigate burnout and promote well-being in health-care settings.
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Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , Hospitais Privados , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The use of tissue adhesives has been proposed as an anastomosis reinforcement; however, their efficacy has not been evaluated in a contaminated environment. The objective of this study was to determine if the use of sutures reinforced with ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate for colonic anastomoses in the presence of fecal peritonitis, in a murine animal model, decreases the frequency of dehiscence. METHODS: Wistar rats were used. Fecal peritonitis was established until reaching 18 hours of evolution. Then, resection and anastomosis of the colon were performed with only polydioxanone (PDS) sutures in the control group and reinforcement with ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate in the experimental group. The dehiscence frequency and burst pressure were evaluated six days after the anastomosis was performed. RESULTS: We included 30 Wistar rats, all males, with a median age of five months and an average weight of 350.43 g. Anastomotic dehiscence was observed in 53.33% of the control group, in contrast with 13.33% of the experimental group (p = 0.020). There was no significant difference in burst pressure between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The use of ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, in an experimental murine animal model, as reinforcement in colonic anastomoses in the presence of fecal peritonitis decreases the frequency of anastomotic dehiscence, although it does not increase resistance to burst pressure.
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Resumen El soporte nutricional (SN) en pacientes adultos que reciben terapia de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) es controvertido. Si bien existen guías para el SN en pacientes pediátricos con ECMO, en adultos no se cuenta con estos lineamientos para el uso, tipo, ruta y momento de la terapia nutricional. En pacientes críticamente enfermos es bien sabido que la nutrición enteral (NE) temprana es beneficiosa, no obstante existe la posibilidad de que en pacientes con ECMO la NE temprana condicione complicaciones gastrointestinales. Asimismo, no se han establecido metas calóricas, proteicas y dosis o tipos de micronutrimentos que usar para esta población en específico, siendo un reto para el clínico encargado de brindar el SN. Aunado a esto los pacientes con ECMO son algunos de los más gravemente enfermos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, donde la desnutrición se asocia con una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. En cuanto al uso de nutrición parenteral (NP), no se tiene descrito si implica riesgo de falla en el circuito al momento de introducir lípidos al oxigenador. Por lo anterior es imperativa una correcta evaluación e intervención nutricional específica, realizada por expertos en el tema para mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida en esta población, siendo un objetivo primordial en los cuidados de los pacientes adultos que reciben terapia de ECMO.
Abstract Nutritional support in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is controversial. Although there are guidelines for the NS (Nutritional support) in pediatric patients with ECMO, in adults these guidelines are not available for the use, type, route and timing of nutritional therapy. In critically ill patients it is well known that early enteral nutrition is beneficial, however there is the possibility that in patients with ECMO early enteral nutrition leads to gastrointestinal complications. Likewise, there have not been established caloric targets, proteins and doses or types of micronutrients to use for this specific population being a challenge for the clinician. In addition, patients with ECMO are some of the most seriously ill in intensive care units, where malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Regarding the use of parenteral nutrition (NP) it has not been described if it implies a risk of circuit failure at the time of introducing lipids to the oxygenator. Therefore, a correct evaluation and specific nutritional intervention by experts in the field is imperative to improve the prognosis and quality of life in this population, which is a primary goal in the care of adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygen.
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Resumen La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) representa uno de los problemas mundiales de salud pública más importantes, ya que existe un aumento en su prevalencia y se estima que 23 millones de la población mundial viven con este problema. Esta entidad se define por la presencia de anormalidades estructurales y funcionales del músculo cardiaco que conducen a un deterioro en la capacidad del llenado y eyección ventricular. Múltiples comorbilidades se han asociado a un incremento en el riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La hipertensión se ha reconocido como uno de los factores más importantes, sin embargo, la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico, así como la diabetes, también juegan un papel importante en la aparición de dicha enfermedad. Es frecuente encontrar en pacientes hospitalizados con IC deterioro en el estado nutricional caracterizado principalmente por la presencia de deficiencias nutricionales y sarcopenia, que, en ocasiones, puede progresar y manifestarse como caquexia. Por lo anterior, una evaluación adecuada mediante el uso correcto de herramientas para detección de riesgo nutricional es imperativa, se hace necesaria para prevenir los riesgos que esto implica. Existen múltiples parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos para definir el estado nutricional de los pacientes hospitalizados, sin embargo, las alteraciones en el volumen sanguíneo presentes en pacientes con IC pueden alterar el resultado de dicha evaluación. Las modificaciones dietéticas en la prevención y tratamiento de diversas enfermedades cardiovasculares mediante un buen apego a patrones de alimentación tales como la dieta DASH (enfoques dietéticos para detener la hipertensión, por sus siglas en inglés) y la dieta mediterránea se han asociado inversamente con la incidencia de IC.
Abstract Heart failure (HF) is one of the most important global public health problems, as there is an increase in its prevalence and an estimated 23 million of the world's population live with this problem. HF is defined by the presence of structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiac muscle leading to an impairment of ventricular filling and ejection. Multiple comorbidities have been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension has been recognized as one of the most important factors, however, obesity, metabolic syndrome, as well as diabetes also play an important role in the onset of the disease. It is common to find in decompensated heart failure hospitalized patients an impaired nutritional status characterized mainly by the presence of nutritional deficiencies and sarcopenia, which can sometimes progress to cachexia. Therefore, an adequate evaluation through the correct use of nutritional risk tools should be the cornerstone to the prevention of risks. Multiple anthropometric and biochemical parameters are available to establish the nutritional status of hospitalized patients, however, alterations in blood volume presented in patients with HF may alter the result of such assessment. The effectiveness of dietary modifications in the prevention and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases enhanced by appropriate adherence to eating patterns such as the DASH and Mediterranean diet have been inversely associated with the incidence of HF.
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Humanos , Caquexia , Desnutrição , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Estado Nutricional , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
Objective: To obtain a blood pressure reading is mandatory during either the general or specialized physical examination. This study describes factors associated with the accomplishment of blood pressure measurement in the first neurological consultation. Methods: We studied first ambulatory neurology consultations in a Mexican referral hospital. Demographic characteristics, diagnostic category of referral, final diagnosis and data on physical examination were collected to establish a logistic regression analysis in order to identify factors associated with the accomplishment of blood pressure measurement. Results: Over 8 months 778 outpatients were studied. The most frequent diagnoses for first consultation were headache (26%), epilepsy (14%) and stroke (13%). Only in 39% (n = 301) of the outpatients blood pressure was registered, among them, 30% had normal blood pressure, 43% had 121-139/81-89mmHg, 20% had 140-159/90-99mmHg and 7% had ≥ 160/100mmHg. The independent factors that favored the practice of BP determination in multivariable analysis were >65 years of age (odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.52-3.36) and headache complaint (odds ratio: 1.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-2.53). Notably, only 43% of patients with stroke had blood pressure registration, even when these stroke patients had blood pressure readings, they had higher blood pressure than with other diagnoses (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Blood pressure registration was frequently omitted from the first neurological consultation, particularly in outpatients who might need it the most.
Objetivo: La medición de la presión arterial es mandatoria durante el examen físico general o especializado. Este estudio describe factores asociados al cumplimiento de la medición de la presión arterial en la primera consulta neurológica. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio sobre consultas neurológicas ambulatorias en un hospital de referencia mexicano. Se recolectaron características demográficas, categoría diagnóstica de referencia, diagnóstico final y datos sobre el examen físico para construir un análisis de regresión logística con el objetivo de identificar factores asociados con el cumplimiento de la medición de la presión arterial. Resultados: Durante 8 meses estudiamos a 778 pacientes. Los diagnósticos de envío más frecuentes fueron cefalea (26%), epilepsia (14%) y enfermedad cerebrovascular (13%). Solo en el 39% (n = 301) de los pacientes se midió la presión arterial y, de entre ellos, el 30% presentaron presión arterial normal, el 43% 121-139/81-89mmHg, el 20% 140-159/90-99mmHg y el 7% ≥ 160/100 mmHg. En un análisis multivariable, la edad > 65 años (razón de momios: 2.26, intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1.52-3.36) y cefalea como motivo de consulta (razón de momios: 1.81, intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1.30-2.53) fueron los factores independientes asociados al registro de la presión arterial. De manera notable, solo al 43% de los pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular se les había registrado la presión sanguínea; estos pacientes la tenían más elevada que los pacientes con otros diagnósticos (p <0.05). Conclusión: En este estudio con frecuencia se omitió el registro de la presión arterial en la primera consulta neurológica, especialmente en pacientes que podrían necesitarlo más.