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1.
Arch Microbiol ; 204(7): 364, 2022 Jun 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35661269

RESUMO

The effect that the fructans of Cichorium intybus and Agave salmiana have on health, as well as on the growth of some Lactobacillus species, has been demonstrated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of linear and branched fructans on the growth of seven strains and some probiotic characteristics. The molecular identification of seven strains was performed. Moreover, the growth, resistance to antibiotics and simulated gastrointestinal conditions were also evaluated when these microorganisms were grown in a culture medium containing agave and chicory fructans. The strains were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans and Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum. The results suggest that the seven Lactobacillus strains were able to grow using agave (branched) and chicory (linear) fructans. The linear and branched fructans statistically influenced the kinetic parameters. The specific growth rate varied between 0.270 and 0.573 h-1 and the generation time between 1.21 and 2.45 h for all strains and culture media. All strains showed a growth of 9 Log CFU/mL in all the culture media. Production of lactic, acetic, propionic, butyric, formic and succinic acid was influenced by linear and branched fructans (p < 0.05). All the strains survived simulated gastrointestinal conditions greater than 83%. The resistance of Lactobacillus against ciprofloxacin and rifaximin was significantly affected by linear and branched fructans, but survival to gastrointestinal conditions was not affected by the type of substrate. These results highlight the use of the seven strains, which have probiotic potential; therefore, these could be applied in several biotechnological products.


Assuntos
Agave , Probióticos , Agave/química , Bebidas , Meios de Cultura , Frutanos/química , Lactobacillus , México
2.
J Fish Biol ; 94(4): 671-679, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30847921

RESUMO

We assessed the spatial pattern of genetic structure of smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena in 10 localities from the Northern Mexican Pacific. A total of 35 haplotypes were identified in 129 sequences of the mtDNA control region. The results showed slight but significant genetic structure among localities (ΦST = 0.044, P < 0.001). In addition, the localities with highest number of juveniles were genetically different (ΦST = 0.058, P < 0.024), which may be representative of nursery areas. The genetic differentiation pattern can be associated to female philopatry and preference for particular birthing sites. Finally, historical demography shows that S. zygaena populations present a recent demographic expansion that occurred during glacial events in the late Pleistocene to early Holocene.


Assuntos
Variação Genética , Comportamento de Retorno ao Território Vital , Tubarões/fisiologia , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/química , Feminino , Haplótipos , México , Oceano Pacífico , Filogeografia , Reprodução , Tubarões/genética
3.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 78(5): 385-394, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34570747

RESUMO

Background: Pulmonary involvement in juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc) is rare in children and contributes to morbimortality. This study aimed to describe the pulmonary function and clinical, radiologic, and tomographic findings in JSSc. Methods: Patients with JSSc between 5-14 years of age were included. Clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics were assessed. Patients were excluded if they showed lung disease not associated with JSSc: mixed connective tissue disease, overlap syndrome, or acute cardiopulmonary failure at the time of the study. All patients underwent physical examination, electrocardiogram, spirometry, chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, echocardiography, lung function tests, and the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. Results: We studied 15 patients with the following characteristics: median age, 11 years; median since symptoms onset, 6 years; median since JSSc diagnosis and the finding of pulmonary involvement, 2 years. Lung disease was detected in 73%, interstitial lung disease (ILD) the most common affection (67%); pulmonary hypertension was found in 6.6%. 6-MWT was positive in 26.6%, forced vital capacity (FVC) was abnormal in 26.6%. No pulmonary involvement was found in four patients. Conclusions: The most frequent pulmonary affection in JSSc was ILD. Thus, early JSSc detection and periodic lung monitoring are mandatory to avoid further complications once JSSc is diagnosed.


Introducción: La afección pulmonar en la esclerosis sistémica juvenil (ESJ) es rara en niños y contribuye a la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los hallazgos de función pulmonar, clínicos, radiológicos y tomográficos en la ESJ. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con ESJ de 5-14 años de edad. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, funcionales y de imagen. No se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares no asociadas con ESJ en el momento del estudio: enfermedad mixta del tejido conectivo, síndrome de superposición o insuficiencia cardiopulmonar aguda. Se realizaron exploración física, electrocardiograma, espirometría, radiografía de tórax, tomografía computarizada de alta resolución de tórax, ecocardiografía, pruebas de función pulmonar y prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 15 pacientes con las siguientes características: mediana de edad, 11 años; mediana desde el inicio de los síntomas, 6 años; y mediana desde el diagnóstico de ESJ y hallazgo de afección pulmonar, 2 años. Se detectó enfermedad pulmonar en el 73%. La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) fue la afección más común (67%) y se encontró hipertensión pulmonar en el 6.6%. La PC6M fue positiva en el 26.6%, y la capacidad vital forzada resultó anormal en el 26.6%. Cuatro pacientes no presentaron afección pulmonar. Conclusiones: La afección pulmonar más frecuente en la ESJ fue la EPI. La detección temprana de ESJ y la monitorización pulmonar periódica son obligatorias para evitar más complicaciones una vez diagnosticada la ESJ.


Assuntos
Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Esclerodermia Localizada , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Criança , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Testes de Função Respiratória , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico
4.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 193(10): 3214-3231, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34101114

RESUMO

Protein hydrolysates from fishery byproducts have resulted to be nutraceutical ingredients with potential to be applied in human nutrition; however, critical quality attributes are dependent on some process parameters such as enzyme source and degree of hydrolysis. This study analyzed the biochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activity (using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), of protein hydrolysates at 10, 20, and 30% degree of hydrolysis (DH), measured by pH-STAT and prepared from sea catfish (Bagre panamensis) muscle and casein as protein sources by treatment with alcalase (ALC) and a semi-purified protease extract (SPE) from B. panamensis intestinal tissues as enzyme sources. With SPE, the DH was reached faster than ALC regardless of the protein substrate used. Sea catfish muscle (MUSC) hydrolysate made with SPE at 30% DH showed the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH: 118.8 µmoles TE/mg; ABTS: EC50 of 1.5 mg/mL). In FRAP assay, the MUSC hydrolysates produced with SPE or ALC at 20% DH showed the higher activity (0.38 and 0.40 µmoles TE/mg, respectively). MUSC hydrolysates made with SPE contained the highest proportion of peptides with MW < 1.35 kDa and had a high protein content (72 to 78%), and almost 50% of the amino acids were essential. These results suggest that intestinal proteases and muscle of marine catfish represent a potential source to elaborate antioxidant protein hydrolysates. Our results promote the full utilization of this fish species and offer a biotechnological strategy for the management and valorization of its byproducts.


Assuntos
Hidrolisados de Proteína , Antioxidantes , Hidrólise
5.
J Mol Graph Model ; 93: 107444, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31494534

RESUMO

A zwitterionic-based chemical, the 3,3'-(octadecylamino)dipropionic acid, was quantum-theoretically designed to be applied as a corrosion inhibitor for protecting oxidized iron surfaces against the attack of very corrosive gasolines. Its performance, as well as those of worldwide-employed nitrogen-free carboxylic-diacid-based corrosion inhibitors, were experimentally evaluated and compared. Through Density-Functional-Theory calculations of the molecular interactions of the corrosion inhibitors with an iron-oxide cluster model, along with the experimental corrosion-inhibiting evaluations, it is revealed that the zwitterionic-based chemical substantially overcomes the performance of nitrogen-free chemicals. It is shown by the theoretical results that the two carboxylic heads of either, the zwitterionic-based or the nitrogen-free corrosion inhibitors, reinforce the octahedral coordination around the exposed Fe3+ atom of the iron oxide. Furthermore, when the zwitterionic-based chemical is bonded to the Fe3+ atom, a two-rings chelate is formed, in contrast to the one-ring chelate formed by the nitrogen-free corrosion inhibitors. Finally, it is theoretically predicted that oleic solvents improve the performance of the zwitterionic-based corrosion inhibitor because preclude the steric hindrance of nitrogen.


Assuntos
Corrosão , Compostos Férricos/química , Ferro/química , Modelos Moleculares , Nitrogênio/química , Teoria Quântica , Propriedades de Superfície
6.
PeerJ ; 6: e4460, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29507841

RESUMO

The shrimp fishery is one of the most important fisheries in the world, although the low selectivity from trawling nets has led to the capture of a large number of non-target species. Shrimp-bycatch species include a large number of fish and invertebrate species, of which fish species are the most abundant. The present study aims to determine the community structure as well as the average sizes at first maturity of the fish species from shrimp-bycatch caught from industrial fisheries in the Mexican Pacific from Sinaloa to Guerrero, from January to March 2015. The shrimp-bycatch fish diversity value was found to be 2.22. A total of 37 species of finfish were found, of which five were considered rare. The fish species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) levels were Pseudupeneus grandisquamis, Paralichthys woolmani, Lutjanus peru and Diapterus peruvianus. The average size at first maturity was calculated for all species. Of the analysed organisms, 90% were in the juvenile stage, including species with riverine and artisanal fisheries. The present study demonstrates the risk within marine populations to different non-target species due to the poor selectivity of shrimp trawls.

7.
Mitochondrial DNA B Resour ; 2(1): 337-338, 2017 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33473819

RESUMO

The mitochondrion genome of Occidentarius platypogon was assembled from Illumina short reads, and consisted of 16,714 base pairs, with 13 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Base composition is 30.7% A, 26.4% T, 28.5% C, and 14.4% G, and 42.9% GC content. Two start codon (ATG and GTG) and seven stop codon (TAA, ACT, CCT, TTA, CAT, AAT, and TAG) patterns were found in protein-coding genes. Control region presented the highest A + T (64%) and lowest G + C content (35.7%) among all mitochondrial regions.

8.
Mitochondrial DNA B Resour ; 2(1): 341-343, 2017 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33473821

RESUMO

The chihuil sea catfish (Bagre panamensis) is endemic of the Eastern Pacific and is a species of fishery importance in the Mexican Pacific. The complete mitochondrial genome of Bagre panamensis has been assembled from Illumina sequencing data. The circular genome was 16,714 bp in lengh, and consist of 13 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Base composition is 30.8% A, 26.6% T, 28.2% C, and 14.4% G, and 42.6% GC content. Protein-coding genes present two start codon (ATG and GTG) and eight stop codon (TAA, TCT, CCT, TTA, CAT, AAT, ATT, and TAG). The control region possesses the highest A + T (64.4%) and lowest G + C content (35.6%) among all mitochondrial regions. These data would contribute to the evolutionary studies of related taxa.

9.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 26(1): 25-31, Jan.-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351546

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective. The sex ratio, proportion of ovigerous females, length at sexual maturity and fecundity of Grapsus grapsus crabs in the Lobos, Venados and Pajaros islands (southeastern Gulf of California) were analyzed. Materials and methods. Sampling was conducted monthly between March 2011 and February 2012, during the night at low tide. Thirty crabs were collected in a quadrant (25 m2) at each sampling site on each island. cw (mm) and w (g) were determined. The sex ratio and size at sexual maturity (cw50%) were estimated, and for ovigerous females, embryonic stages and fecundity (gravimetric method) were determined. Results. The sex ratio (M:F) was 1:1.3. The average size at sexual maturity (cw50%) was 34.9 mm. The majority of females were ovigerous (71.3%), and 48% of the embryos of ovigerous females were at the red-orange phase. Egg diameter ranged from 1.1 to 5 µm, with an average of 2.05 µm. The mean fecundity was 24339.3 eggs. The maximum and minimum weight of ovigerous females was 69.9 and 15.2 g. Conclusions. The studied characteristics of sex ratio, proportion of ovigerous females, length at sexual maturity and fecundity of G. grapsus, indicate the effective administration and management of this resource in this area.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Se analizó la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad del cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus en islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros (sureste del Golfo de California). Material y métodos. Los muestreos fueron mensuales entre marzo 2011 y febrero 2012, las colectas fueron nocturnas durante la bajamar, se obtuvieron en un cuadrante (25 m2) por isla 30 organismos al azar, se les determinó el AN (mm) y PT (g). Se estimó la proporción de sexos y talla de primera madurez sexual (AN50%), se analizaron en hembras grávidas, las fases embrionarias y la fecundidad (método gravimétrico). Resultados. La proporción de M:H fue 1:1.3. La talla media de primera madurez fue AN50% 34.9 mm. Es evidente la presencia de hembras ovígeras (71.3%) y todas las fases embrionarias, la fase rojo-naranja fue la mayor representada en 48%. La variación del diámetro del huevo fue 1.1 a 5 µm y el promedio de 3.05 µm. La fecundidad media fue 24339.3 cigotos. El máximo y mínimo peso de hembras ovígeras fue 69.9 y 15.2 g, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Con base a las características biológicas del recurso tales como la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad en la población de G. grapsus, representa un efecto favorable en su posterior administración y manejo de este recurso en esta zona.


Assuntos
Animais , Reprodução , Decápodes , Xiphosura americana
10.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 78(5): 385-394, Sep.-Oct. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345430

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Pulmonary involvement in juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc) is rare in children and contributes to morbimortality. This study aimed to describe the pulmonary function and clinical, radiologic, and tomographic findings in JSSc. Methods: Patients with JSSc between 5-14 years of age were included. Clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics were assessed. Patients were excluded if they showed lung disease not associated with JSSc: mixed connective tissue disease, overlap syndrome, or acute cardiopulmonary failure at the time of the study. All patients underwent physical examination, electrocardiogram, spirometry, chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, echocardiography, lung function tests, and the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. Results: We studied 15 patients with the following characteristics: median age, 11 years; median since symptoms onset, 6 years; median since JSSc diagnosis and the finding of pulmonary involvement, 2 years. Lung disease was detected in 73%, interstitial lung disease (ILD) the most common affection (67%); pulmonary hypertension was found in 6.6%. 6-MWT was positive in 26.6%, forced vital capacity (FVC) was abnormal in 26.6%. No pulmonary involvement was found in four patients. Conclusions: The most frequent pulmonary affection in JSSc was ILD. Thus, early JSSc detection and periodic lung monitoring are mandatory to avoid further complications once JSSc is diagnosed.


Resumen Introducción: La afección pulmonar en la esclerosis sistémica juvenil (ESJ) es rara en niños y contribuye a la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los hallazgos de función pulmonar, clínicos, radiológicos y tomográficos en la ESJ. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con ESJ de 5-14 años de edad. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, funcionales y de imagen. No se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares no asociadas con ESJ en el momento del estudio: enfermedad mixta del tejido conectivo, síndrome de superposición o insuficiencia cardiopulmonar aguda. Se realizaron exploración física, electrocardiograma, espirometría, radiografía de tórax, tomografía computarizada de alta resolución de tórax, ecocardiografía, pruebas de función pulmonar y prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 15 pacientes con las siguientes características: mediana de edad, 11 años; mediana desde el inicio de los síntomas, 6 años; y mediana desde el diagnóstico de ESJ y hallazgo de afección pulmonar, 2 años. Se detectó enfermedad pulmonar en el 73%. La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) fue la afección más común (67%) y se encontró hipertensión pulmonar en el 6.6%. La PC6M fue positiva en el 26.6%, y la capacidad vital forzada resultó anormal en el 26.6%. Cuatro pacientes no presentaron afección pulmonar. Conclusiones: La afección pulmonar más frecuente en la ESJ fue la EPI. La detección temprana de ESJ y la monitorización pulmonar periódica son obligatorias para evitar más complicaciones una vez diagnosticada la ESJ.

11.
Arch Med Res ; 46(2): 107-11, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25707292

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos. The incidence is expected to increase as the use of asbestos is not prohibited in many countries, such as in Mexico. We undertook this study to determine sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios of computed tomography (CT) in a sample from Mexican population with suspected MPM and other pleuropulmonary diseases. METHODS: CT films of 38 patients suspected of having MPM were analyzed. A single observer was blinded to MPM diagnoses. The frequencies of ten CT findings were identified. A cut-off point of ≥5 CT findings was established to determine high MPM probability. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratio of the CT against biopsy using immunohistochemical testing (IHC) for MPM were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 38 patients, 31 had MPM and seven had lung adenocarcinoma. The five key findings were mediastinal pleural thickening 96.7% (n = 30), nodular pleural thickening 93.3% (n = 29), pleural mass 83.9% (n = 26), diminished lung 70.9% (n = 22) and contracted hemithorax 70.9% (n = 22). Sensitivity 96.8% (83.2-99.4), specificity 85.7% (42.2-97.6), positive likelihood ratio 6.7 (1.1-41.6), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.04 (0.01-0.2) were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Sensitivity and specificity in this study was greater than previously reported, 96.8% and 85.7 vs. 93.2 and 65.6%, respectively. CT is an easily accessible and useful tool that should be incorporated into the medical education of general physicians to improve MPM diagnosis of suspected cases.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Incidência , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma Maligno , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(1): 56-61, Mar. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-840933

RESUMO

The gonadal development assessment is a fundamental work in researching the reproduction of Peprilus medius, on the way to understand its population dynamics and to achieve a sustainable management of its fisheries. The diagnosis based on morphochromatic features is the quicker, more practical and cheaper method, and properly validated, it may be an accurate procedure. This is particularly useful in researches when it is required to provide prompt and accurate information to support decision-making for fisheries management, and during long-term fisheries monitoring to detect changes in reproductive patterns due to environmental anomalies. These are issues of concern in P. medius and other fishery resources. In this context, a scale that describes the gonadal development through morphochromatic and histological features is presented, and plus anatomical observations of the reproductive organs. Ovarian development was characterized through six phases: immature, development (sub-phases: early and late), mature, spawning (sub-phases: partial and partial post-spawning), post-spawning and resting. Testicular development was described through five phases: immature, development, ejaculation, ejaculated and resting. The position and shape of the reproductive organs are apparently defined by the shape of the fish and the visceral cavity. P. medius's gonads show a gonadal lobe at lower position and an upper lobe in the visceral cavity, and both lobes presented a horizontal placement from gonopore toward the back of the fish. In addition, gonadal deformities occurrence due to deformities in the visceral cavity was evidenced. We recommend to use presented descriptions as a guide in gonadal assessment.


La evaluación del desarrollo gonádico es una labor fundamental para investigar la reproducción de Peprilus medius, en vías a comprender la dinámica de sus poblaciones y lograr un manejo sustentable de sus pesquerías. El diagnóstico a partir de características morfocromáticas es el método más rápido, práctico y barato, y adecuadamente validado puede ser un procedimiento preciso. Este es particularmente útil en investigaciones cuando se requiere aportar información rápida y precisa que apoye la toma de decisiones de manejo pesquero, y durante los monitoreos pesqueros de largo plazo, que permiten detectar cambios en los patrones reproductivos debido a anomalías ambientales. Estos son temas preocupantes en P. medius y otros recursos pesqueros. En ese contexto se presenta una escala que describe el desarrollo gonádico a través de características morfocromáticas e histológicas, y además se presentan observaciones anatómicas de los órganos reproductores. El desarrollo ovárico fue caracterizado a través de seis fases: inmadura, desarrollo (subfases: inicial y avanzado), maduro, desove (subfases: parcial y postdesove parcial), postdesove y reposo. El desarrollo testicular fue descrito a través de cinco fases: inmadura, desarrollo, eyaculación y reposo. La posición y forma de los órganos reproductores están aparentemente definidos por la forma del pez y su cavidad visceral. Las gónadas de P. medius muestran un lóbulo gonádico en posición inferior y uno superior en la cavidad visceral, y ambos lóbulos presentan una colocación horizontal desde el gonoporo hacia la parte posterior del pez. Además se evidencia la ocurrencia de deformidades en las gónadas debido a deformidades en la cavidad visceral. Recomendamos utilizar las descripciones presentadas como una guía en la evaluación de las gónadas.


Assuntos
Animais , Gametogênese , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Perciformes/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovário/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/anatomia & histologia
13.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 70(6): 432-440, nov.-dic. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-709214

RESUMO

Introducción. La osteopenia es la disminución de la densidad ósea secundaria a menor mineralización del hueso, y puede presentarse como raquitismo, osteomalacia y osteoporosis. El objetivo del estudio fue detectar el momento en que se presenta la osteopenia en prematuros de un servicio de neonatología. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, comparativo y clínico. Se incluyeron 30 recién nacidos de pretérmino (RNPT) que ingresaron de noviembre del 2010 a agosto del 2011 y cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. En todos los pacientes se determinaron los niveles séricos de Ca, P y fosfatasa alcalina, y radiografías de huesos largos a las dos, cuatro, seis y ocho semanas a partir del ingreso. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se consideró significación cuando p <0.05. Resultados. La población estudiada estuvo conformada por 30 RNPT con una mediana de edad gestacional de 29 semanas. La mediana de peso al nacimiento fue de 1,055 g. En todos los pacientes se manejó nutrición mixta. Los cambios radiológicos sugestivos de osteopenia fueron reportados en 83.3% de los pacientes durante las primeras dos semanas de estudio. Al final del estudio, 86.7% de los pacientes la presentaron (n = 26). La mediana de la edad de detección de la osteopenia fue de 19 días de vida extrauterina. Conclusiones. La osteopenia del prematuro se presenta alrededor de la tercera semana de vida extrauterina. Estos resultados dan un panorama diferente a lo reportado en la literatura. Por ello, la prevención de la desmineralización ósea debe realizarse más tempranamente.


Introduction. Osteopenia is a decrease in bone density secondary to low bone mineralization and can present as rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to detect when osteopenia is presented in preterm newborns (PNB) of a neonatal ward. Methods. We carried out an observational, prospective, comparative clinical trial (study cohort) that included 30 PNB admitted from November 2010 to August 2011 and who met the criteria selection. Alkaline phosphatase levels were considered elevated from 280 IU/L. All patients were administered Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase serum. X-rays of long bones at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after admission were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significance levels were set at p <0.05. Results. The study population consisted of 30 PNB with a median gestational age of 29 weeks and median birth weight of 1055 g. Parenteral and enteral nutrition (mixed) was managed in all patients. Radiological changes suggestive of osteopenia were reported in 83.3% of patients during the first 2 weeks of study and at the end of the study in 86.7% of patients (n = 26). The median age of detection of osteopenia was 19 days of life. Conclusions. Osteopenia of prematurity occurs at approximately the third week after birth. These results present a different picture to that reported in the literature since the time of reporting these data. Preventing bone disease should be more timely.

14.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 9(3): 593-599, 2011. graf, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-600888

RESUMO

The population structure and reproductive condition of the Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani from samples obtained from June 2000 to July 2001 were determined. Samples in the first week each month from the largest trader of tilapia in the Aguamilpa Reservoir in Mexico and were caught in gillnets (9.6 and 11.4 cm stretch-mesh size). Of 596 specimens, there were 427 males and 169 females; monthly sex ratio, frequency of lengths by the multinomial distribution, timing of reproduction, condition index, and size at first maturity was determined. Differences in the sex ratio and monthly totals were significant, favoring males, except for September 2000 and March 2001. From one (August 2000) to three modal groups (July 2000 and June 2001) were identified by size. There were no significant differences in standard length weight relationships by sex, which indicated that a shared model for both genders is appropriate, and isometric growth was detected. Based on the proportion of mature and partially matures fish, the main reproductive period was April through June; size at first maturity was 18.9 cm. Water temperature was not significantly related to the percentage of mature and partially matures Sinaloa cichlids or spawning. These findings provide information for regulating the Cichlasoma beani fishery in this region such minimum legal size and non-fishing period.


Se determinó la estructura poblacional y condición reproductiva del cíclido de Sinaloa Cichlasoma beani desde junio de 2000 a julio de 2001. Las muestras se obtuvieron de la captura comercial de tilapia en el embalse de Aguamilpa, México durante la primera semana de cada mes. Los especímenes se capturaron con redes de enmalle (9,6 y 11,4 cm de tamaño de malla). De los 596 organismos recolectados, 427 fueron machos y 169 hembras. Se determinó la proporción de sexos mensual, grupos modales de tallas a través de una distribución multinomial, época reproductiva, índice de condición y talla de primera madurez. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la proporción de sexos total y mensual favoreciendo a los machos, excepto en septiembre de 2000 y marzo de 2001. Se identificaron desde uno (agosto de 2000) hasta tres grupos modales de tallas (julio de 2000 y junio de 2001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la relación longitud patrón - peso total por sexo, lo que sugiere que el uso de un solo modelo para ambos sexos es adecuado, presentando crecimiento de tipo isométrico. Con base en la proporción de organismos parcialmente maduros y maduros, el pico principal de reproducción fue desde abril hasta junio; la talla de primera madurez fue de 18,9 cm. No se encontró una correlación significativa entre la temperatura del agua y el porcentaje de individuos parcialmente maduros, maduros o desovados. La información generada es útil para la regulación de la pesca de Cichlasoma beani en esta región, sugiriendo una talla mínima legal de captura y un periodo de veda adecuado para la especie.


Assuntos
Animais , Perciformes , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Maturidade Sexual
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