Immunomodulatory Effects of Anadenanthera colubrina Bark Extract in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Anadenanthera colubrina in modulating the immune response in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. The ethanolic extract of the dried bark was analyzed by ESI (+) Orbitrap-MS to obtain a metabolite profile, demonstrating a wide variety of polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Various parameters were evaluated, such as clinical signs, cytokines, cellular profile, and histopathology in the central nervous system (CNS). The ethanolic extract of A. colubrina demonstrated significant positive effects attenuating the clinical signs and pathological processes associated with EAE. The beneficial effects of the extract treatment were evidenced by reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1ß, IL-6, IL-12, TNF, IFN-γ, and a notable decrease in several cell profiles, including CD8+, CD4+, CD4+IFN-γ, CD4+IL-17+, CD11c+MHC-II+, CD11+CD80+, and CD11+CD86+ in the CNS. In addition, histological analysis revealed fewer inflammatory infiltrates and demyelination sites in the spinal cord of mice treated with the extract compared to the control model group. These results showed, for the first time, that the ethanolic extract of A. colubrina exerts a modulatory effect on inflammatory processes, improving clinical signs in EAE, in the acute phase of the disease, which could be further explored as a possible therapeutic alternative.

Silymarin Reduced Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Women with Obesity.

Silymarin has ameliorated obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and insulin resistance (IR) in combination with standard therapy, diet, or exercise in recent studies. Obesity and IR are the main risk factors for developing T2DM and other metabolic disorders. Today, there is a need for new strategies to target IR in patients with these metabolic diseases. In the present longitudinal study, a group of non-diabetic insulin-resistant women with type 1 and type 2 obesity were given silymarin for 12 weeks, with no change in habitual diet and physical activity. We used the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) to determine IR at baseline and after silymarin treatment (t = 12 weeks). We obtained five timepoint oral glucose tolerance tests, and other biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed before and after treatment. Treatment with silymarin alone significantly reduced mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HOMA-IR levels at 12 weeks compared to baseline values (p < 0.05). Mean fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), indirect bilirubin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased compared to baseline values, although changes were non-significant. The overall results suggest that silymarin may offer a therapeutic alternative to improve IR in non-diabetic individuals with obesity. Further clinical trials are needed in this type of patient to strengthen the results of this study.

Silymarin is an ally against insulin resistance: A review.

Silymarin is obtained from the Milk thistle plant Silybum marianum and has been used over the centuries to treat principally liver disease, although it has also been studied for its beneficial effects in cardioprotection, neuroprotection, immune modulation, and cancer among others. Importantly, silymarin's active component silybin is a flavonolignan that exhibits different activities such as; scavenger, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and recently revealed, insulin-sensitizing properties which have been explored in clinical trials in patients with insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the most relevant research of silymarin's effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, focusing the attention on insulin resistance, which is well known to play a crucial role in metabolic disease progression.

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Antioxidant Therapy against Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: A Phase 1 Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Humans.

Myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final size in acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion. Currently, there is still no therapy to prevent MRI, but it is well known that oxidative stress has a key role in its mechanism. We previously reduced MRI in rats through a combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) of ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine. This study determines the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAT in a Phase I clinical trial. Healthy subjects (n = 18) were randomized 2:1 to CAT or placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.). Two different doses/infusion rates of CATs were tested in a single 90-minute intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specific times for 180 minutes to measure plasma drug concentrations (ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. Adverse events were registered during infusion and followed for 30 days. Both CAT1 and CAT2 significantly increased the CAT drug concentrations compared to placebo (P < .05). Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between CAT1 and CAT2. In total, 6 adverse events were reported, all nonserious and observed in CAT1. The ferric-reducing ability of plasma (an antioxidant biomarker) increased in both CAT groups compared to placebo (P < .001). The CAT is safe in humans and a potential treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy.

Molecular variability among isolates of Fusarium oxysporum associated with root rot disease of Agave tequilana.

In this study, 115 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from roots of Agave tequilana Weber cv azul plants and soil in commercial plantations in western Mexico were characterized using morphological and molecular methods. Genetic analyses of monosporic isolates included restriction enzyme analysis of rDNA (ARDRA) using HaeIII and HinfI, and genetic diversity was determined using Box-PCR molecular markers. Box-PCR analysis generated 14 groups. The groups correlated highly with the geographic location of the isolate and sample type. These results demonstrate the usefulness of ARDRA and Box-PCR techniques in the molecular characterization of the Fusarium genus for the discrimination of pathogenic isolates.

Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition Prevents Short-Term Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain Synaptosomal/Mitochondrial Fractions and Cortical Slices: Role of Cannabinoid Receptors.

Inhibition of enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid hydrolysis represents an invaluable emerging tool for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for degrading 2-arachydonoylglycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endocannabinoid in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we tested the effects of the selective MAGL inhibitor JZL184 on the 3-nitropropinic acid (3-NP)-induced short-term loss of mitochondrial reductive capacity/viability and oxidative damage in rat brain synaptosomal/mitochondrial fractions and cortical slices. In synaptosomes, while 3-NP decreased mitochondrial function and increased lipid peroxidation, JZL184 attenuated both markers. The protective effects evoked by JZL184 on the 3-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction were primarily mediated by activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), as evidenced by their inhibition by the selective CB2R inverse agonist JTE907. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) also participated in this effect in a lesser extent, as evidenced by the CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist AM281. In contrast, activation of CB1R, but not CB2R, was responsible for the protective effects of JZL184 on the 3-NP-iduced lipid peroxidation. Protective effects of JZL184 were confirmed in other toxic models involving excitotoxicity and oxidative damage as internal controls. In cortical slices, JZL184 ameliorated the 3-NP-induced loss of mitochondrial function, the increase in lipid peroxidation, and the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex II) activity, and these effects were independent on CB1R and CB2R, as evidenced by the lack of effects of AM281 and JTE907, respectively. Our novel results provide experimental evidence that the differential protective effects exerted by JZL184 on the early toxic effects induced by 3-NP in brain synaptosomes and cortical slices involve MAGL inhibition, and possibly the subsequent accumulation of 2-AG. These effects involve pro-energetic and redox modulatory mechanisms that may be either dependent or independent of cannabinoid receptors' activation.

Maternal adiposity is associated with inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes at term human pregnancy: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Human labor is associated with an inflammatory process that takes place at the maternal-fetal interface, where leukocytes infiltrate and contribute to the local production of effector molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, MMPs, etc. This process may be altered by a low-grade chronic inflammation, characteristic of obesity, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we analyzed the relationship between maternal adiposity and inflammation-related gene expression in leukocytes from six healthy women with term pregnancies without labor. METHODS: We estimated maternal adiposity and examined the relative expression of 211 inflammation-related genes in maternal peripheral blood leukocytes (MAT), placental intervillous blood leukocytes (PLA), and choriodecidual leukocytes (CHD) by real-time qPCR. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between maternal adiposity and gene expression. RESULTS: Participants' adiposity ranged from 27.6% to 61.1% (n = 6). The expression of 23 genes significantly differed (p < 0.05) in MAT, PLA, and CHD leukocytes, most of which code for chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, increasing maternal adiposity correlated (r > 0.7) mostly positively with the expression of genes related to activation, migration, infiltration, and proinflammation in MAT (36 genes) and PLA (31 genes). In contrast, in CHD leukocytes maternal adiposity correlated only negatively with seven genes, involved in migration and infiltration. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that during term pregnancy, increased maternal adiposity may enhance the priming of peripheral leukocytes, while in choriodecidua it may alter leukocyte recruitment and proinflammatory activity. Maternal adiposity must be considered an important variable in further studies that analyze inflammation-related gene expression in pregnant women.

Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on MicroRNA Expression Related to Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Human and Animal Trials.

Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) play key roles in different metabolic processes in humans and other mammals. DFAs have been considered beneficial for health, particularly polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert their function on DFA metabolism by modulating gene expression, and have drawn great attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review explicitly examined the effects of DFAs on miRNA expression associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as inflammation, published in the last ten years. DFAs have been shown to induce and repress miRNA expression associated with metabolic disease and inflammation in different cell types and organisms, both in vivo and in vitro, depending on varying combinations of DFAs, doses, and the duration of treatment. However, studies are limited and heterogeneous in methodology. Additionally, recent studies demonstrated that high fat ketogenic diets, many enriched with saturated fats, do not increase serum saturated fat content in humans, and are not associated with increased inflammation. Thus, these findings shed light on the complexity of novel treatment and DFA interventions for metabolic disease and to maintain health. Further studies are needed to advance molecular therapeutic approaches, including miRNA-based strategies in human health and disease.

URB597 Prevents the Short-Term Excitotoxic Cell Damage in Rat Cortical Slices: Role of Cannabinoid 1 Receptors.

Endocannabinoid-based therapies constitute an emerging tool for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, requiring characterization at the experimental level. The effects of URB597, an inhibitor of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), were tested against the quinolinic acid (QUIN)-induced early toxic effects in rat cortical slices, and compared with those effects exerted by the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). URB597 prevented the QUIN-induced loss of mitochondrial function/cell viability and lipid peroxidation, while reduced necrosis, and to a lesser extent, apoptosis. The protective effects of URB597 were mediated by activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1r), as evidenced by their inhibition by the selective CB1r antagonist AM281. Similar effects were observed when testing AEA against QUIN toxicity. Our findings demonstrate the neuroprotective properties of URB597 during the early stages of excitotoxic damage to cortical tissue, suggesting that these properties are mediated by FAAH inhibition, and might be linked to the protective effects of AEA, or the combination of endocannabinoids.

On the Biomedical Properties of Endocannabinoid Degradation and Reuptake Inhibitors: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of endogenous cannabinoids; components involved in their synthesis, transport, and degradation; and an expansive variety of cannabinoid receptors. Hypofunction or deregulation of the ECS is related to pathological conditions. Consequently, endogenous enhancement of endocannabinoid levels and/or regulation of their metabolism represent promising therapeutic approaches. Several major strategies have been suggested for the modulation of the ECS: (1) blocking endocannabinoids degradation, (2) inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake, and (3) pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we focused in this review on degradation/reuptake inhibitors over cannabinoid receptor modulators in order to provide an updated synopsis of contemporary evidence advancing mechanisms of endocannabinoids as pharmacological tools with therapeutic properties for the treatment of several disorders. For this purpose, we revisited the available literature and reported the latest advances regarding the biomedical properties of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlighted anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol reuptake inhibitors with promising results in pre-clinical studies using in vitro and animal models as an outlook for future research in clinical trials.

[Women hospitalized due to abortion in a maternity teaching hospital in Recife, Brazil]. / Mulheres hospitalizadas por abortamento em uma Maternidade Escola na Cidade do Recife, Brasil.

This cross-sectional study was performed with 160 women between 2005-2006. The objective was to describe the social-demographic and reproductive characteristics of women hospitalized due to abortions, and their knowledge about contraceptive methods and abortion induction. In order to determine the association between the abortion classification and social-demographic variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 5%. A frequency of 56.3% was found for probably induced abortions. Most cases of abortion occurred before 12 weeks (55.7%). As for the women's profiles: 48.9% were between 20-29 years old, 72.0% had eight years or more of schooling, 90.1% had a partner, 52.0% had 1-3 children, 100% knew about oral contraceptives and condoms and 80.0% had heard about misoprostol. The social-demographic and reproductive profile of women hospitalized at the referred service due to abortion did not change over the last years. Misoprostol remains the most known method for abortion induction.

Combined Effect of Chia, Quinoa and Amaranth Incorporation on the Physico-Chemical, Nutritional and Functional Quality of Fresh Bread.

With regard to constant technological innovations in the bakery sector in order to increase bread nutritional value without affecting its technological and sensory characteristics, we applied pseudocereals/oilseeds to obtain an optimal formulation. A factorial design 33 was used and the independent factors were chia flour (levels: 0, 10, 20% flour basis), quinoa flour (levels: 0, 20, 40% flour basis), and amaranth flour (levels: 0, 20, 40% flour basis). Their effects and interactions were studied through the response surface methodology to optimise the bread formulation from a holistic viewpoint, which included the nutritional, technological and sensory characteristics. The optimum formulation with the highest quality was the blend made with 10, 4, and 20% of chia, quinoa, and amaranth, respectively. The results showed a significant increase in protein amount, ash, lipids, and crumb firmness compared to wheat bread. The calorie value of the control sample and the optimised formula were significantly similar, bearing in mind the high lipid amounts present in raw materials. Loaf-specific volume slightly decreased in comparison to control bread, as expected in formulations with gluten-free raw materials and a large amount of fibre. The optimised formula presented nutritionally/functionally higher indexes and similar overall acceptability to the control bread (p < 0.05).

[Walkability and healthy aging: an analytical proposal for small and medium-sized Brazilian cities]. / Caminhabilidade e envelhecimento saudável: uma proposta de análise para cidades brasileiras de pequeno e médio porte.

Evidence has shown that urban environments that discourage walking contribute to functional incapacity in the elderly. Various indices have been proposed to describe an area's walkability, combining different aspects of the built environment that promote (or inhibit) walking. However, due to problems with the quality and availability of data in Brazil, there is no walkability index to date applies to all cities of the country and that has been properly tested in the population. The current study aimed to propose a walkability index based on geographic information systems for a medium-sized city, with open-access data, and to test its association with functional incapacity in the elderly. The study used data from the urban area of a medium-sized Brazilian city to select a parsimonious set of variables through factor analysis. The resulting index was tested for its association with the capacity to perform activities of daily living that require more movement, in 499 elderly, using generalized estimating equations. The resulting walkability index consists of residential density, commercial density, street connectivity, presence of sidewalks, and public lighting. These variables comprised the first factor in the factor analysis, excluding only arborization which was retained in the second factor. The worst walkability score was associated with the highest functional incapacity score. Based on the results and their validation, the study suggests an easily applicable walkability index with great potential for use in action plans to adapt environments.

Effect of Chia as Breadmaking Ingredient on Nutritional Quality, Mineral Availability, and Glycemic Index of Bread.

Chia seeds and chia flour could be used as ingredients to enrich foods owing to their high amount of nutrients. The goal of this investigation was to provide further information about how replacing wheat flour with chia ingredients (seeds, whole flour, semi-defatted, and low-fat flours) affects the nutritional and functional value of bread. The higher levels of proteins, lipids and minerals determined in raw chia flours directly affected the increase of these nutrients. High levels of phytates were found in chia ingredients (5.1-6.6 µmol/g d.b.), which affect Zn and Fe bioavailability, as predicted by phytate/mineral molar ratios. Bread with chia had a high amount of linoleic acid, especially in bread with chia seeds, owing to protection of seed integrity during baking. Chia ingredients did not show limiting essential amino acids such as lysine, which is deficient in cereals. Glycemic index was lower in bread with chia ingredients compared to control. The beneficial effects on glucose metabolism together with the nutritional and functional characteristics could be clinically important for prevention of metabolic diseases.

A trypsin-based method for isolating leukocytes from human choriodecidua suitable for immunophenotyping and transcriptome studies.

Leukocytes found at the human maternal-fetal interface participate in the inflammatory process associated with both preterm and term labor; therein, effective methods for their isolation that allow further phenotypic and functional analyses are necessary. Leukocyte isolation is usually carried out through scraping or enzyme digestion of the choriodecidua, however both methods usually limit the use of downstream immunophenotyping or transcriptomic techniques. Here we describe an isolation method based on gentle trypsin digestion that yields a leukocyte-enriched cell mixture with high lymphocyte viability, although less viable myeloid cells. We show that the method does not compromise cell surface markers since isolated leukocytes are suitable for flow cytometry; and that high quality RNA can be obtained from these cells for qRT-PCR and microarray analyses.

Caminhabilidade e envelhecimento saudável: uma proposta de análise para cidades brasileiras de pequeno e médio porte / Walkability and healthy aging: an analytical proposal for small and medium-sized Brazilian cities / La posibilidad de pasear y el envejecimiento saludable: una propuesta de análisis para ciudades brasileñas de tamaño pequeño y medio

Há evidências de que ambientes urbanos que desestimulam a caminhada contribuem para a incapacidade funcional de idosos. Vários índices foram propostos para descrever a caminhabilidade de uma área combinando aspectos do ambiente construído que promovem ou inibem a caminhada. No entanto, devido a problemas de qualidade e disponibilidade de dados no Brasil, até o momento não há um índice de caminhabilidade aplicável a todas as cidades do país e devidamente testado na população. O objetivo deste estudo foi propor um índice de caminhabilidade baseado em sistemas de informação geográfica para uma cidade de médio porte, com dados de livre acesso, bem como testar sua associação com a incapacidade funcional em idosos. Foram usados os dados da área urbana de um município de médio porte para selecionar um conjunto parcimonioso de variáveis por meio de análise fatorial. O índice obtido foi testado em relação à sua associação com a capacidade para a realização de atividades de vida diária que requerem maior movimentação, em 499 idosos utilizando equações de estimativas generalizadas. O índice de caminhabilidade resultante foi composto por densidade residencial, densidade comercial, conectividade de ruas, presença de calçadas e iluminação pública. Essas variáveis compuseram o primeiro fator da análise fatorial, excluindo-se apenas a arborização que ficou retida no segundo fator. Verificou-se que o pior escore de caminhabilidade estava associado ao maior escore de incapacidade funcional. Com base nos resultados e na validação deles, o estudo sugere um índice de caminhabilidade facilmente aplicável com grande potencial de uso em planos de ação para adequar os ambientes.

Evidence has shown that urban environments that discourage walking contribute to functional incapacity in the elderly. Various indices have been proposed to describe an area's walkability, combining different aspects of the built environment that promote (or inhibit) walking. However, due to problems with the quality and availability of data in Brazil, there is no walkability index to date applies to all cities of the country and that has been properly tested in the population. The current study aimed to propose a walkability index based on geographic information systems for a medium-sized city, with open-access data, and to test its association with functional incapacity in the elderly. The study used data from the urban area of a medium-sized Brazilian city to select a parsimonious set of variables through factor analysis. The resulting index was tested for its association with the capacity to perform activities of daily living that require more movement, in 499 elderly, using generalized estimating equations. The resulting walkability index consists of residential density, commercial density, street connectivity, presence of sidewalks, and public lighting. These variables comprised the first factor in the factor analysis, excluding only arborization which was retained in the second factor. The worst walkability score was associated with the highest functional incapacity score. Based on the results and their validation, the study suggests an easily applicable walkability index with great potential for use in action plans to adapt environments.

Existen evidencias de que los ambientes urbanos que desestimulan los paseos contribuyen a la incapacidad funcional de los ancianos. Se propusieron varios índices para describir la posibilidad de pasear en un área, combinando aspectos del ambiente construido que promueven o inhiben los paseos. No obstante, debido a problemas de calidad y disponibilidad de datos en Brasil, hasta el momento no existe un índice sobre la posibilidad de pasear, aplicable a todas las ciudades del país, y debidamente probado en la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue proponer un índice sobre la posibilidad de pasear, basado en sistemas de información geográfica para una ciudad de tamaño medio, con datos de libre acceso, así como probar su asociación con la incapacidad funcional en ancianos. Se utilizaron los datos del área urbana de un municipio de tamaño medio para seleccionar un conjunto parsimonioso de variables mediante análisis factorial. El índice obtenido fue probado en 499 ancianos, en lo que se refiere a su asociación con la capacidad para la realización de actividades de vida diaria, que requieren un mayor movimiento, utilizando ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas. El índice resultante sobre la posibilidad de pasear estaba compuesto por: densidad residencial, densidad comercial, conectividad de calles, presencia de aceras e iluminación pública. Estas variables formaron parte del primer factor de análisis factorial, excluyendo solamente la arborización, que quedó fijada en el segundo factor. Se verificó que la peor puntuación sobre la posibilidad de pasear se asoció a la mayor puntuación de incapacidad funcional. En base a los resultados, y a la validación de los mismos, el estudio sugiere un índice sobre la posibilidad de realizar paseos, fácilmente aplicable, con un gran potencial de uso en planes de acción para adecuar los ambientes.

[Systematization of nursing care in the obstetrical center]. / Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em Centro Obstétrico.

This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, aiming to propose a protocol for the systematization of nursing care to women in the process of giving birth in the Obstetrical Center of a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A semi-structured instrument was applied to forty women in the process of giving birth, in order to obtaining the nursing history; from which the nursing diagnoses were identified, having as a basis the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®), version 1, and their respective results and nursing interventions were established. The protocol consists in two stages: the first one is the nursing consultation, which involves the anamnesis and physical examination; and the second, involves the judicious identification of the nursing diagnoses, which will guide the planning of the nursing care to provide the individualized attention to women in the process of giving birth, using a universal terminology.

Factores que influyen en la donación voluntaria en donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Benjamin Bloom" San Salvador, Febrero a Septiembre 2019 / Factors that influence voluntary donation in donors from the Blood Bank of the National Children's Hospital "Benjamin Bloom" San Salvador, February to September 2019

Propósito: contribuir a la toma de decisiones para mejorar la donación de sangre para ofrecer un servicio más oportuno, a través de una propuesta técnica con estrategias que fomenten la cultura de la donación voluntaria. Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en la donación voluntaria en los Donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Benjamín Bloom" San Salvador, de febrero a septiembre 2019. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo y alcance aplicativo Resultados: los factores tanto psicológicos como socioculturales, influyen en la población de donantes en cuanto al comportamiento en relación a la decisión de donar sangre. La mayoría de los participantes del estudio coinciden en su deseo de conocer más sobre el proceso de la donación, los Hospitales y los Bancos de Sangre deben facilitar la donación a las personas. Conclusiones: los factores psicológicos y socioculturales son determinantes en la población de donantes de sangre e influye directamente en su decisión de realizar la donación, el hospital debe facilitar la donación y por hoy es una de las estrategias para incrementar la donación de sangre. Recomendaciones: a las autoridades del ministerio aumentar su apoyo a los bancos de sangre en base a los planes estratégicos, también a los Bancos de Sangre deben tener un papel más protagónico en la divulgación y educación a la población potencial para la donación de sangre, establecer convenios con los medios de comunicación para mantener programas permanentes

Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em Centro Obstétrico / Systematization of nursing care in the Obstetrical Center / Sistematización de la atención de enfermería en el Centro Obstétrico

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, que objetivou propor um protocolo para a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem para parturientes no Centro Obstétrico de um hospital público em Recife-PE. Foi aplicado um instrumento semiestruturado a quarenta parturientes para a obtenção do histórico de enfermagem; a partir deste foram identificados os diagnósticos de enfermagem baseados na Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®), versão 1, e estabelecidos os respectivos resultados e intervenções de enfermagem. O protocolo consiste em duas etapas: a primeira é a consulta de enfermagem, que envolve a anamnese e exame físico, e a segunda é caracterizada pela identificação criteriosa dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, que direcionarão o planejamento da assistência de enfermagem para o atendimento individualizado às parturientes, com utilização de uma terminologia universal.

This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, aiming to propose a protocol for the systematization of nursing care to women in the process of giving birth in the Obstetrical Center of a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A semi-structured instrument was applied to forty women in the process of giving birth, in order to obtaining the nursing history; from which the nursing diagnoses were identified, having as a basis the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®), version 1, and their respective results and nursing interventions were established. The protocol consists in two stages: the first one is the nursing consultation, which involves the anamnesis and physical examination; and the second, involves the judicious identification of the nursing diagnoses, which will guide the planning of the nursing care to provide the individualized attention to women in the process of giving birth, using a universal terminology.

Esto es un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo que objetivó proponer un protocolo para la sistematización de la atención de enfermería a las parturientes en el Centro Obstétrico de un hospital público en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Fue aplicado un instrumento semiestructurado a cuarenta parturientes para la obtención del histórico de enfermería y, a partir de este, fueron identificados los diagnósticos de enfermería basados en la Clasificación Internacional de la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®), versión 1, y establecidos los respectivos resultados y intervenciones de enfermería. El protocolo consiste en dos etapas: la primera es la consulta de enfermería, que envuelve la anamnesis y examen físico; la segunda es caracterizada por la identificación juiciosa de los diagnósticos de enfermería, que guiaran el planeamiento de la atención de enfermería para la atención individualizada a las parturientes, desde una terminología universal.

Mulheres hospitalizadas por abortamento em uma Maternidade Escola na Cidade do Recife, Brasil / Women hospitalized due to abortion in a maternity teaching hospital in Recife, Brazil / Mujeres hospitalizadas por aborto en una maternidad escuela en la ciudad de Recife, Brasil

Estudo de corte transversal, realizado com 160 mulheres no período de 2005-2006, com o objetivo de descrever as características sócio-demográficas e reprodutivas de mulheres hospitalizadas por abortamento e o conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos e de indução para o abortamento. Para determinação da associação entre a classificação do abortamento e as variáveis sócio-demográficas e reprodutivas, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5 por cento. Observou-se uma frequência de 56,3 por cento de abortamento possivelmente induzido. A maioria ocorreu antes das 12 semanas (55,7 por cento). Em relação ao perfil das mulheres: 48,9 por cento entre 20-29 anos, 72,0 por cento com oito anos ou mais de estudo; 90,1 por cento tinham companheiros; 52,0 por cento tinham de 1-3 filhos, 100 por cento conheciam a pílula e o preservativo, e 80,0 por cento o misoprostol. O perfil sócio-demográfico e reprodutivo das mulheres hospitalizadas por abortamento no serviço não se alterou nos últimos anos. O método mais conhecido para indução do abortamento continua sendo o misoprostol.

This cross-sectional study was performed with 160 women between 2005-2006. The objective was to describe the social-demographic and reproductive characteristics of women hospitalized due to abortions, and their knowledge about contraceptive methods and abortion induction. In order to determine the association between the abortion classification and social-demographic variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 5 percent. A frequency of 56.3 percent was found for probably induced abortions. Most cases of abortion occurred before 12 weeks (55.7 percent). As for the women's profiles: 48.9 percent were between 20-29 years old, 72.0 percent had eight years or more of schooling, 90.1 percent had a partner, 52.0 percent had 1-3 children, 100 percent knew about oral contraceptives and condoms and 80.0 percent had heard about misoprostol. The social-demographic and reproductive profile of women hospitalized at the referred service due to abortion did not change over the last years. Misoprostol remains the most known method for abortion induction.

Estudio de corte transversal, realizado con 160 mujeres en el período 2005-2006 con el objetivo de describir las características socio-demográficas y reproductivas de mujeres hospitalizadas por aborto, el conocimiento sobre métodos anticonceptivos y de inducción del aborto. Para la determinación de la asociación entre la clasificación del aborto y las variables socio-demográficas y reproductivas se utilizó el test quincuadrado de Pearson, considerándose el nivel de significatividad de 5 por ciento. Se observó una frecuencia de 56,3 por ciento de abortos posiblemente inducidos. La mayoría ocurrió antes de las 12 semanas (55,7 por ciento). En relación al perfil de las mujeres: 48 por ciento entre 20 y 29 años, 72,0 por ciento con ocho años de estudios o más, 90,1 por ciento con compañeros, 52,0 por ciento tenían entre 1 y 3 hijos, 100 por ciento conocían la píldora y el condón y 80 por ciento el misoprostol. El perfil socio-demográfico y reproductivo de las mujeres hospitalizadas por aborto en el servicio no se alteró en los últimos años. El método más conocido para la inducción del aborto continúa siendo el misoprostol.