Using adaptive optics to optimize the spherical aberration of eyes implanted with EDOF and enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of change in ocular spherical aberration (SA) with adaptive optics on visual acuity (VA) at different defocus after implantation of extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTINGS: Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, observational. METHODS: 80 eyes (40 patients) that had cataract surgery were included in the study. 40 eyes were implanted with Eyhance EDOF IOLs and the remaining with Vivity EDOF IOLs. Baseline ocular aberrations were measured with a visual adaptive optics aberrometer, then the optimal SA was determined by increasing it in steps of -0.01 µm up to -0.1 µm until the maximum improvement in near distance VA was observed for a given eye. Then the defocus curve for each eye was measured after modifying the ocular SA by magnitude equal to optimal SA. RESULTS: Most of the eyes accepted a negative induced SA of -0.05 µm (Eyhance group: 67.6%; Vivity group, 45.2%). In the Eyhance group (dominant eyes), VA improved at -2 diopters (D) ( P < .02) only and degraded at 0 D, +0.5 D, and +1 D defocus ( P < .05). In the Vivity group, the VA remained unchanged at all defocus ( P > .05). In the Eyhance group (nondominant eyes), VA improved at -3.5 D defocus only and degraded at +1.5 D and +2 D defocus ( P < .05). In the Vivity group, VA improved at -2.5 D defocus ( P < .05) only. CONCLUSIONS: A negative induced SA of -0.05 µm in implanted eyes was optimal for a slight improvement in distance-corrected near and intermediate VA without any significant decrease in baseline distance-corrected VA.

Nexus of ocular motility and dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of vision therapy (VT) in patients with chronic presumed refractory dry eye disease (DED) and concurrent nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVAs). To propose an algorithmic approach to manage patients with refractory DED. Methods: Thirty-two patients with chronic (>1 year) presumed refractory DED and NSBVA were prospectively evaluated. The baseline dry eye evaluation and comprehensive orthoptic evaluation were done. VT was administered by a trained orthoptist for 2 weeks. The binocular vision (BV) parameters and percentage subjective improvement were assessed after the VT. Results: On evaluation, 12 patients (37.5%) had both DED and NSBVA, and 20 patients (62.5%) had only NSBVA. Twenty-nine patients (90.62%) showed significant improvement in BV parameters following VT. Binocular near point of accommodation (median, range) improved from 17 (8-40) to 12 (5-26) mm (P value < 0.0001), and near point of convergence (median, range) improved from 6 (3-33) to 6 (5-14) (P value 0.004) with VT. Thirty-one patients (96.87%) reported symptomatic improvement after VT, and 62.5% of these showed more than 50% improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: The present study confirms the beneficial role of VT in the treatment of patients with DED with concurrent NSBVA. It is essential to diagnose and treat NSBVA in patients with DED to ensure complete relief of symptoms and patient satisfaction. As there is a significant overlap between symptoms of dry eye disease and that of NSBVA, a complete orthoptic evaluation is recommended in all patients presenting with refractory dry eye disease related symptoms.

Repeatability and agreement of wavefront aberrations of a new hybrid topographer and aberrometer in healthy eyes.

PURPOSE: To assess repeatability and agreement of the Pentacam AXL Wave with that of the iTrace aberrometer. SETTING: Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: All eyes of patients underwent 3 sets of measurements at a single visit, using Pentacam AXL Wave and iTrace. Lower-order aberrations (LOAs), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and coma and spherical aberrations (SAs) were analyzed. Repeatability was assessed using within-subject (Sw) SD, test-retest variability (TRT), Sw coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and the correlation coefficient (r) to determine strength of relationship between measurements. RESULTS: 100 eyes of 100 patients underwent measurements. Pentacam AXL Wave had repeatability with an ICC for total ocular aberrations ranging from 0.84 for HOAs to 0.92 for LOAs and for corneal from 0.76 for HOAs to 0.86 for LOAs. The Sw, TRT, and CoV of all aberrations were significantly lower (better) than those of iTrace (P < .001). The mean differences between 2 devices were insignificant for the comparison of all parameters, except for spherical aberration (0.011 [0.002571 to 0.02008]; P = .01). Both devices showed excellent correlations for ocular aberrations (total HOAs [P = .12, LoA = -0.52 to 0.025; r = 0.89]; LOAs [P = .14, LoA = -2.71 to 2.61; r = 0.96]; coma [P = .27, LoA = -0.11 to 0.12; r = 0.89]; and SA [P = .01, LoA = -0.09 to 0.07; r = 0.97]). CONCLUSIONS: The repeatability estimates for wavefront aberrations using Pentacam AXL Wave were significantly better than those using iTrace. Both devices showed excellent correlations for total ocular aberrations.

Repeatability and Agreement of a New Scheimpflug Device and a Hartmann-Shack Aberrometer With a Ray-Tracing Aberrometer in Normal, Keratoconus, and CXL Groups.

PURPOSE: To assess repeatability and agreement of a Scheimpflug topographer and a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer with a ray-tracing aberrometer in normal, keratoconus, and corneal cross-linking (CXL) groups. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, observational study, normal, keratoconus, and CXL groups with 125 eyes in each of the three groups were included. All eyes underwent three sets of measurements, at a single visit, using the Pentacam AXL Wave (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) and iTrace (Tracey Technologies). Keratometry, pachymetry, objective refraction, and total ocular aberrations including root mean square (RMS) lower order aberrations (LOAs), RMS higher order aberrations (HOAs), RMS coma, and spherical aberrations (SA) were analyzed. Objective assessment of haze after CXL was done using the Pentacam AXL Wave. Repeatability was assessed using within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test-retest variability, within-subject coefficient of variation (COV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Bland-Altman analysis assessed 95% limits of agreement and correlation coefficient (r) determined the strength of the relationship between measurements. RESULTS: The Pentacam AXL Wave had Sw for keratometry of 0.12 in the normal group and 0.15 in the keratoconus group and lower (poorer) Sw of 0.17 in the CXL group. For pachymetry, Sw was 9.18, 9.53, and 10.11 in the normal, keratoconus, and CXL groups, respectively. Total aberrations had ICCs ranging from 0.88 for RMS HOAs to 0.95 for SA in the normal group, 0.86 for RMS HOAs to 0.92 for SA in the keratoconus group, and 0.72 for RMS HOAs to 0.82 for SA (poorer) in the CXL group. In the normal group, mean differences between the two devices were nonsignificant for all parameters except SA (0.011 ± 0.038 µm, P < .01; limits of agreement = -0.09 to 0.07; r = 0.87). In the keratoconus group, mean differences were significant in all aberrations except RMS LOAs (-0.27 ± 0.85 µm, P = .10; limits of agreement = -3.3 to 3.8; r = 0.92). In the CXL group, all parameters varied significantly (P < .006). CONCLUSIONS: The Pentacam AXL Wave showed comparable repeatability in the normal and keratoconus groups, but was poorer in the CXL group, more so with increasing corneal haze. Both devices can be used interchangeably in normal eyes, except for SA, but not in eyes with keratoconus or CXL for aberration measurements. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(3):201-208.].