Association between dietary protein intake and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: There is suggestive data indicating a correlation among dietary protein intake and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nonetheless, the exact associations between dietary protein intake and the incidence of CKD have remained uncertain. We performed the first meta-analysis to explore the correlation among total protein, plant protein, animal protein intake and CKD risk. Methods: The study conformed the PRISMA statement guidelines. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until to December 2023. The retrieved studies underwent rigorous evaluation for eligibility, and relevant data were meticulously extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was applied to evaluate the risk of bias. Subsequently, relevant data were extracted and pooled to evaluate the relations among dietary protein intake and CKD incidence. Results: Totally, 6,191 articles were identified, six studies were eligible. A total of 148,051 participants with 8,746 CKD cases were included. All studies had a low overall risk of bias. Higher total, plant and animal protein intake were all correlated with decreased CKD incidence, pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.94, p = 0.005; I2 = 38%, p = 0.17); (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.97, p = 0.03; I2 = 77%, p = 0.001); (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.97, p = 0.02; I2 = 0%, p = 0.59), respectively. For fish and seafood within animal protein: RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74-0.94. Subgroup analysis showed that geographical region, sample size, follow-up time, not assessing protein by food frequency questionnaire, using %energy as the measurement index, not adjusting for several covariates may be the sources of heterogeneity for plant protein. A significant non-linear relation among plant protein and incident CKD was observed by dose-response analysis. Conclusion: The data showed a lower CKD risk significantly associated higher-level dietary total, plant or animal protein (especially for fish and seafood) intake. Further prospective studies demonstrating the correlations of precise sources, intake and duration of dietary protein and incident CKD are warranted.

Trends in chlamydia prevalence in the United States, 2005-2016.

In the United States (US), chlamydia is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection that is nationally notifiable. We examined trends in chlamydia prevalence in the US in 2011-2016 compared with 2005-2010. Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), were used to compare national chlamydia prevalence estimates from 2011 to 2016 with those from 2005 to 2010, and changes in prevalence since 1999-2004 were also reviewed. Persons aged 18-39 years were included in these analyses. Prevalence of chlamydia was based on results from urine specimens. Results were weighted to represent the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The baseline characteristics of the study population were similar in gender, age and race/ethnicity between the two groups (P > 0.05). The overall chlamydia prevalence was 1.88% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55-2.22%) in 2011-2016 and 1.57% (95% CI 1.27-1.87%) in 2005-2010, a relative increase of 19.7% (95% CI 0.2-39.2%; P < 0.05) between the two surveys. Increases in chlamydia prevalence was especially concentrated in persons who were male, aged 18 to 29 years, had > high school educational level, never married, age at first sex < 18 years, had 2-5 sexual partners in lifetime and had no past sexually transmitted diagnosis between 2005 and 2016 (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that chlamydia was more prevalent in those aged 18-29 years, being non-Hispanic Blacks, had high school educational level, being widowed/divorced/separated and had > 5 sexual partners. The chlamydia prevalence had an increasing trend from 2005-2010 to 2011-2016. Those with high chlamydia prevalence such as sexually active young adults and Non-Hispanic Black should be screened annually so that infected persons can be diagnosed and they and their sex partners can be treated promptly.

A novel anoikis-related gene signature identifies LYPD1 as a novel therapy target for bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a malignant tumor associated with unfavorable outcomes. Studies suggest that anoikis plays a crucial role in tumor progression and cancer cell metastasis. However, its specific role in bladder cancer remains poorly understood. Our objective was to identify anoikis-related genes (ARGs) and subsequently construct a risk model to assess their potential for predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer.The transcriptome data and clinical data of BLCA patients were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GEO database. We then performed the differential expression analysis to screen differentially expressed ARGs. Subsequently, we conducted non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering analysis to establish molecular subtypes based on the differentially expressed ARGs. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the quantification of different cell infiltration in BLCA tumor microenviroment. A prognostic risk model containing 7 ARGs was established using Lasso-Cox regression analysis. The nomogram was built for predicting the survival probability of BLCA patients. To determine the drug sensitivity of each sample from the high- and low-risk groups, the R package "pRRophetic" was performed. Finally, the role of LYPD1 was explored in BLCA cell lines.We identified 90 differential expression ARGs and NMF clustering categorizated the BLCA patientss into two distinct groups (cluster A and B). Patients in cluster A had a better prognosis than those in cluster B. Then, we established a ARGs risk model including CALR, FASN, FOSL1, JUN, LYPD1, MST1R, and SATB1, which was validated in the train and test set. The results suggested overall survival rate was much higher in low risk group than high risk group. The cox regression analysis, ROC curve analysis, and nomogram collectively demonstrated that the risk model served as an independent prognostic factor. The high risk group had a higher level TME scores compared to the low risk group. Furthermore, LYPD1 was low expression in BLCA cells and overexpression of LYPD1 inhibits the prolifearation, migration and invasion.In the current study, we have identified differential expression ARGs and constructed a risk model with the promise for guiding prognostic predictions and provided a therapeutic target for patients with BLCA.

Prevalence and trends in overactive bladder among men in the United States, 2005-2020.

The purpose of present study was to examine the current prevalence and recent trends of overactive bladder (OAB) among US adult men and examine the correlations between OAB and several potential risk factors. The study used the nationally representative data between 2005 and 2020 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. A total of 18,386 participants aged ≥ 20 years were included in the study. We divided the data into three groups: 2005-2008, 2009-2014 and 2015-2020 to investigate the trends in OAB prevalence. The weighted prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of OAB were calculated. The differences (95% CI) in prevalence between the surveys were calculated and multivariate-adjusted weighted logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of OAB. Among all US adult men, the overall prevalence of OAB increased slightly from 11.3% in 2005-2008 to 11.7% in 2009-2014 and significantly increased to 14.5% in 2015-2020 (difference, 3.2% [95% CI (1.9-4.4%)]; P < 0.05). Increases in OAB prevalence especially concentrated on those who were 40-59 years, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and those who were overweight and obese. Older age, non-Hispanic Black, lower educational level and family poverty ratio, diabetes, depression, sleep disorder, other chronic comorbidities, less intense recreational activity, poorer health condition and unsafe food were independent risk factors of OAB. The contemporary prevalence of OAB was high, affecting 14.5% US men and the estimated overall prevalence significantly increased from 2005 to 2020. Therefore, future research should be focused to prevent and remedy this growing socioeconomic and individually troublesome malady.