Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subclassified by Immunohistochemistry: Correlation with Clinical and Pathological Outcomes in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

The intrinsic subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is based on genomic evaluation. In this study, we report the survival and pathological complete response (pCR) rates of TNBC patients subtyped by IHC and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). A retrospective cohort of 187 TNBC patients who received NACT between 2008 and 2017 was used, and IHC subtyping was performed on biopsy specimens before chemotherapy. The subtyping revealed predominantly basal-like tumors (IHC-BL, 61%), followed by basal-like immune-suppressed tumors (IHC-BLIS, 31%), mesenchymal tumors (12.5%), luminal androgen receptor tumors (IHC-LAR, 12%), and basal-like immune-activated tumors (IHC-BLIA, 10.9%). The pCR rate varied among subtypes, with IHC-BLIA showing the highest (30.0%) and IHC-LAR showing the lowest (4.5%). IHC-BLIS led in recurrence sites. Overall and disease-free survival analyses did not show significant differences among subtypes, although IHC-BLIA demonstrated a trend toward better survival, and IHC-mesenchymal, worse. Patients who achieved pCR exhibited significantly better disease-free survival and overall survival than non-responders. This study underscores the potential of IHC-based subtyping in TNBC management, highlighting distinct response patterns to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and potential implications for treatment strategies. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore tailored therapeutic approaches for specific TNBC subtypes.

Associations of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity With Sexual Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Sexual dysfunction is a common and distressing consequence of breast cancer (BC) treatment. In the present study, we investigated the sexual functioning of BC patients and its association with women's personal characteristics and cancer treatments. In this cross-sectional study, sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and its breast module BR-23. Of the 235 participants approached, 216 participants were included in the study. Of these, 63 patients reported no sexual activity in the last month and thus were analyzed only in relation to the sexual desire domain of FSFI. A total of 154 (71.3 %) patients were classified with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). From those patients reporting sexual activity in the last month, 63.3 % (97 out of 153) were classified with sexual dysfunction. Using hierarchical logistic regression, the variance explained (change in R 2) by the addition of body mass index (BMI) and mild to moderate physical activity in the prediction models of sexual dysfunction and HSDD were 6.8 and 7.2 %, respectively. Age, BMI, and physical activity were independently associated with sexual dysfunction and HSDD. Additionally, BC patients with sexual dysfunction reported lower scores on global HRQOL, role functioning, and fatigue. Based on our findings, BC survivors should be encouraged to practice regular physical activity and to lose weight in order to avoid sexual dysfunction. However, future clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Factors associated with Community Health Agents' knowledge about tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with the knowledge of Community Health Agents (ACS) about tuberculosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 ACS. A questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis (component 1) and the work functions of ACS in the National Tuberculosis Control Program (component 2). The level of knowledge, according to the scores converted into a scale of 0 to 100, was classified as: 0-50% (low), 51-75% (medium), and over 75% (high). Multiple regression was used in the analysis of associated factors. RESULTS: The global score (average of the scores of components 1 and 2) median knowledge was 68.6%. Overall knowledge about tuberculosis was positively associated with the length of professional experience, having received training on tuberculosis, and access to the tuberculosis guide/handbook. CONCLUSIONS: Investments in training and capacity-building strategies for ACS will contribute to increasing these professionals' knowledge, resulting in greater success in tuberculosis control.

Serological and vaccine evaluation for hepatitis B among Community Health Workers.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the vaccination and serological status against hepatitis B among community health workers; to vaccinate against hepatitis B virus and to evaluate the immune response of susceptible workers. METHOD: phase I, cross-sectional and descriptive study, among community health workers in a capital city of the Midwest region, through a self-administered questionnaire, checking of vaccination cards, and blood collection for testing of serological markers for hepatitis B. Phase II, cohort study carried out in vaccinated non-immune workers identified in phase I. They received one dose of vaccine (challenge dose) and serological testing. RESULTS: a total of 109 workers participated in the study. Most had vaccination record (97; 89.0%) and vaccination completeness (75; 77.3%), while the isolated anti-HBs (Antibodies against hepatitis B virus) marker was detected in 78 (71.6%) workers. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus exposure was 8.2%. Of the ten non-immune vaccinated workers, after challenge dose, one remained susceptible. CONCLUSION: although most workers are vaccinated and show immunological response to hepatitis B, susceptibility after challenge dose was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to have a surveillance program of the vaccination situation and serological status for this virus, to promote these workers' safety.

Dopamine modulates individual differences in avoidance behavior: A pharmacological, immunohistochemical, neurochemical and volumetric investigation.

Avoidance behavior is a hallmark in pathological anxiety disorders and results in impairment of daily activities. Individual differences in avoidance responses are critical in determining vulnerability or resistance to anxiety disorders. Dopaminergic activation is implicated in the processing of avoidance responses; however, the mechanisms underlying these responses are unknown. In this sense, we used a preclinical model of avoidance behavior to investigate the possibility of an intrinsic differential dopaminergic pattern between good and poor performers. The specific goal was to assess the participation of dopamine (DA) through pharmacological manipulation, and we further evaluated the effects of systemic injections of the dopaminergic receptor type 1 (D1 antagonist - SCH23390) and dopaminergic receptor type 2 (D2 antagonist - sulpiride) antagonists in the good performers. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of intra-amygdala microinjection of a D1 antagonist (SCH23390) and a D2 antagonist (sulpiride) in good performers as well as intra-amygdala microinjection of a D1 agonist (SKF38393) and D2 agonist (quinpirole) in poor performers. Furthermore, we quantified the contents of dopamine and metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA)) in the amygdala, evaluated the basal levels of tyrosine hydroxylase expression (catecholamine synthesis enzyme) and measured the volume of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus. Our results showed that it could be possible to convert animals from good to poor performers, and vice versa, by intra-amygdala (basolateral and central nucleus) injections of D1 receptor antagonists in good performers or D2 receptor agonists in poor performers. Additionally, the good performers had lower levels of DOPAC and HVA in the amygdala, an increase in the total volume of the amygdala (AMG), substantia nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus coeruleus (LC), and an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in SN, VTA and LC, which positively correlates with the avoidance behavior. Taken together, our data show evidence for a dopaminergic signature of avoidance performers, emphasizing the role of distinct dopaminergic receptors in individual differences in avoidance behavior based on pharmacological, immunohistochemical, neurochemical and volumetric analyses. Our findings provide a better understanding of the role of the dopaminergic system in the execution of avoidance behavior.

Factors associated with Community Health Agents' knowledge about tuberculosis / Factores asociados al conocimiento sobre tuberculosis de los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud / Fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre tuberculose de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the knowledge of Community Health Agents (ACS) about tuberculosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 ACS. A questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis (component 1) and the work functions of ACS in the National Tuberculosis Control Program (component 2). The level of knowledge, according to the scores converted into a scale of 0 to 100, was classified as: 0-50% (low), 51-75% (medium), and over 75% (high). Multiple regression was used in the analysis of associated factors. Results: The global score (average of the scores of components 1 and 2) median knowledge was 68.6%. Overall knowledge about tuberculosis was positively associated with the length of professional experience, having received training on tuberculosis, and access to the tuberculosis guide/handbook. Conclusions: Investments in training and capacity-building strategies for ACS will contribute to increasing these professionals' knowledge, resulting in greater success in tuberculosis control.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados al conocimiento de los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS) sobre la tuberculosis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 110 ACS. Se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar el conocimiento sobre la tuberculosis pulmonar (componente 1) y las funciones laborales de los ACS en el Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis (componente 2). El nivel de conocimiento, según las puntuaciones convertidas en una escala de 0 a 100, se clasificó como: 0-50% (bajo), 51-75% (medio) y más del 75% (alto). La regresión múltiple se utilizó en el análisis de factores asociados. Resultados: La puntuación global (media de las puntuaciones de los componentes 1 y 2) del conocimiento mediano fue del 68,6%. El conocimiento general sobre la tuberculosis estuvo positivamente asociado con la duración de la experiencia profesional, haber recibido capacitación sobre tuberculosis y el acceso a la guía/manual de tuberculosis. Conclusiones: Las inversiones en formación y estrategias de capacitación para los ACS contribuirán a aumentar el conocimiento de estos profesionales, lo que resultará en un mayor éxito en el control de la tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao conhecimento dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) sobre tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 110 ACS. Utilizou-se um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento sobre tuberculose pulmonar (componente 1) e as funções laborais dos ACS no Programa Nacional de Controle de Tuberculose (componente 2). O nível de conhecimento, de acordo com os escores transformados em uma escala de 0 a 100, foi classificado como: 0-50% (baixo), 51-75% (mediano) e mais de 75% (alto). A regressão múltipla foi empregada na análise dos fatores associados. Resultados: A pontuação global (média dos escores dos componentes 1 e 2) mediana do conhecimento foi de 68,6%. O conhecimento global sobre tuberculose mostrou-se positivamente associado ao tempo de atuação profissional, à recepção de capacitação sobre tuberculose e ao acesso ao guia/cartilha de tuberculose. Conclusões: Investimentos na formação e nas estratégias de capacitação dos ACS contribuirão para o aumento do conhecimento desses profissionais, resultando em maior sucesso no controle da tuberculose.

Serological and vaccine evaluation for hepatitis B among Community Health Workers / Avaliação sorológica e vacinal para hepatite B entre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde / Evaluación serológica y vacuna para la hepatitis B entre Agentes Comunitarios de Salud

Abstract Objective: to identify the vaccination and serological status against hepatitis B among community health workers; to vaccinate against hepatitis B virus and to evaluate the immune response of susceptible workers. Method: phase I, cross-sectional and descriptive study, among community health workers in a capital city of the Midwest region, through a self-administered questionnaire, checking of vaccination cards, and blood collection for testing of serological markers for hepatitis B. Phase II, cohort study carried out in vaccinated non-immune workers identified in phase I. They received one dose of vaccine (challenge dose) and serological testing. Results: a total of 109 workers participated in the study. Most had vaccination record (97; 89.0%) and vaccination completeness (75; 77.3%), while the isolated anti-HBs (Antibodies against hepatitis B virus) marker was detected in 78 (71.6%) workers. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus exposure was 8.2%. Of the ten non-immune vaccinated workers, after challenge dose, one remained susceptible. Conclusion: although most workers are vaccinated and show immunological response to hepatitis B, susceptibility after challenge dose was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to have a surveillance program of the vaccination situation and serological status for this virus, to promote these workers' safety.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar a situação vacinal e sorológica contra hepatite B entre agentes comunitários de saúde; vacinar contra o vírus da hepatite B e avaliar a resposta imunológica dos agentes susceptíveis. Método: fase I, estudo transversal e descritivo, entre agentes comunitários de saúde de uma capital da região Centro-oeste, por meio de questionário autoaplicável, conferência do cartão vacinal e coleta de sangue para testagem dos marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B. Fase II, estudo de coorte realizado em trabalhadores vacinados não imunes e identificados na fase I. Estes receberam uma dose da vacina (dose desafio) e teste sorológico. Resultados: participaram do estudo 109 agentes. A maioria tinha registro de vacinação (97; 89,0%) e completude vacinal (75; 77,3%), já o marcador anti-HBs (anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite B) isolado foi detectado em 78 (71,6%) agentes. A prevalência de exposição ao vírus da hepatite B foi de 8,2%. Dos dez agentes vacinados não imunes, após a dose desafio, um permaneceu susceptível. Conclusão: apesar da maioria dos trabalhadores estarem vacinados e apresentarem resposta imunológica para hepatite B, a suscetibilidade após a dose desafio foi identificada. Portanto, é necessário que haja um programa de vigilância da situação vacinal e estado sorológico para este vírus, para promover a segurança destes trabalhadores.

Resumen Objetivo: identificar la situación de la vacunación y serología contra la hepatitis B entre agentes comunitarios de la salud, vacunar contra el virus de la hepatitis B y evaluar la respuesta inmunológica de los agentes susceptibles. Método: fase I, estudio transversal y descriptivo, entre agentes comunitarios de la salud de una capital de la región centro oeste, por medio de cuestionario autoadministrado, verificación del carné de vacunación y extracción de sangre para comprobar los marcadores serológicos para la hepatitis B. Fase II, estudio de cohorte realizado en trabajadores vacunados no inmunes e identificados en la Fase I; estos recibieron una dosis de la vacuna (dosis de desafío) y realizaron el test serológico. Resultados: participaron del estudio 109 agentes. La mayoría tenía registro de vacunación (97; 89,0%) y de cobertura de vacunación (75; 77,3%); el marcador anti-HBs (Anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis B) aislado fue detectado en 78 (71,6%) de los agentes. La prevalencia de exposición al virus de la hepatitis B fue de 8,2%. De los diez agentes vacunados no inmunes, después de la dosis desafío, uno permaneció susceptible. Conclusión: a pesar de que la mayoría de los trabajadores estaban vacunados y presentaron respuesta inmunológica para la hepatitis B, la susceptibilidad, después de la dosis desafío, fue identificada. Por tanto, es necesario que exista un programa de vigilancia de la situación de vacunación y estado serológico para este virus, para promover la seguridad de estos trabajadores.

[Screening and brief intervention for alcoholic patients treated at emergency rooms: prospects and challenges]. / Triagem e intervenção breve em pacientes alcoolizados atendidos na emergência: perspectivas e desafios.

The purpose of this article was to present the general principles, concepts, and main elements of brief intervention, with a literature review on its use for alcoholic patients treated at emergency rooms. It also presents the applicability of screening as a first step to the brief intervention process and the use of validated standard instruments that allow useful information for consistent feedback. Finally, it highlights the challenges associated with screening in emergency rooms due to insufficient time, inadequate professional training, fear of annoying the patient, and common beliefs that alcoholics do not respond to such interventions. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the relevancy of brief emergency intervention, which is both feasible and efficient, and the need for research to define the relevant adjustments by professionals and the health care system.

Accidents with biologic material in health services among persons with no presumed risk.

This study identified persons without presumed risk (PWPR) involved in accidents with blood and body fluids in 2 health care facilities between 1989 and 2012 in a state in Central Brazil. There were 181 accidents that occurred with PWPR, predominantly among women. Accidents with blood and body fluids involved needle and blood, some performed by untrained personnel. Most prematurely terminated clinical and laboratory monitoring. Accidents with blood and body fluids occur under similar circumstances to health care workers.

A vulnerabilidade de agentes comunitários de saúde frente ao risco biológico / The vulnerability of community health workers to biological risk

Os objetivos foram identificar as exposições ocupacionais a material biológico entre agentes comunitários de saúde; caracterizar os modos de exposição, as secreções orgânicas e as circunstâncias envolvidas; descrever as condutas adotadas e verificar a participação desses trabalhadores em capacitações sobre risco biológico e biossegurança. Estudo transversal descritivo. Participaram 80 agentes dos 89 integrantes de equipes de saúde da família de um distrito sanitário do município de Goiânia. Resultados: 23 (28,8%) referiram exposição ocupacional, 10 (43,5%) citaram mais de uma exposição. A maioria envolveu saliva em pele íntegra ou em mucosa. Menos da metade deles referiu participação em capacitações abordando risco biológico e biossegurança. Agentes comunitários de saúde foram expostos a material biológico e, predominantemente, não estavam preparados. Políticas públicas direcionadas a estes trabalhadores devem contemplar claramente o risco biológico e seu controle para direcionar estratégias, conferir proteção trabalhista e garantir a incorporação desta temática na formação desse grupo.

The objectives were to identify occupational exposure of community health workers to biological material; to characterize the means of exposure, organic secretions and circumstances involved; to describe the behaviors adopted, and verify the participation of these workers in training on biological risk and biosafety. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants comprised 80 workers of the 89 members of family health teams from a sanitary district of the municipality of Goiânia. Results: 23 (28.8%) reported occupational exposure and 10 (43.5%) reported more than one exposure. Most exposures involved saliva on intact skin or mucous membrane. Less than half reported participating in any form of training that addressed biological risk and biosafety. The community health workers were exposed to biological material and they were predominantly unprepared. Public policies for these workers must clearly observe biological risk and its control as a strategy guideline, provide worker protection, and ensure this subject is included in the education of community health workers.

Waste management in non-hospital emergency units.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze waste management in urgency and emergency non-hospital health care service units. METHOD: Epidemiological cross-sectional study undertaken at three Non-Hospital Emergency Units. The data were collected using systematic observation, registered daily in a spreadsheet and checklist, and analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: the generation of waste varied from 0.087 to 0.138 kg per patient per day. Waste management showed inadequacies in all stages, especially in the separation stage. Infectious waste was found together with common waste, preventing recycling, and piercing and cutting objects were mixed with waste from different groups, increasing the risk of occupational accidents. CONCLUSION: the study reveals the lack of an institutional waste management policy, as demonstrated by the failure of operational stages, involving problems related to management, physical structure, material and human resources at the units. This is relevant for health care units, considering the quality of patient care and its interface with sustainability.

[Management of waste generated in home care by the Family Health Strategy]. / Manejo de resíduos gerados na assistência domiciliar pela Estratégia de Saúde da Familia.

This study aimed to analyze the management of waste generated by home care. Data were collected through observation of care provided by professionals and users and/or caregivers. Data were recorded on a checklist developed according to the recommendations of RDC 306. The following wastes were generated: syringes (38.1%), needles (36.5%), adhesive plasters (31.7%), gauze (31.7%) and lancets (28.5%). The residues of group A were not segregated in all opportunities and group E were segregated 100% and 10.5% by professionals and users, respectively. It is concluded that, given the inadequacies found, wide collective discussion is required for the proposal of public policies that address the specific waste management of home health services, aiming to provide safety to workers, community and the environment.

Risco biológico nas etapas finais do sistema de medicação nossetores de urgência e emergência / Biohazards in the final steps of the medication system in urgent and emergency care sectors / Riesgo biológico en etapas finales del sistema de medicación en sectores de urgencia y emergencias

Este estudo objetivou identificar e analisar os comportamentos de risco relacionados à exposição a material biológico de profissionais de enfermagem e de usuários, durante o preparo e a administração de medicamentos em serviços de urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma investigação exploratória, de corte transversal, realizada em três hospitais públicos de grande porte. Após aprovação pelos Comitês de Ética, os dados foram coletados por observação direta, utilizando um check-list. Participaram 130 profissionais de enfermagem. Foram observados 292 procedimentos de preparo e administração de medicamentos. Entre os comportamentos de risco, destacaram-se: inadequado manejo de resíduos, quebra da cadeia asséptica, reencape de agulhas, baixa adesão aos itens de proteção e falhas na higienização das mãos. Acidentes foram presenciados, e nenhum notificado. Os comportamentos de risco biológico identificados comprometem a saúde dos trabalhadores e dos usuários e podem direcionar a busca por estratégias de intervenção capazes de modificar a realidade. Descritores: Precauções Universais; Equipe de Enfermagem; Exposição Ocupacional; Exposição a Agentes Biológicos; Enfermagem em Emergência.

The objective of the present study was to identify and analyze hazardous behaviors related to exposure to biological material for nursing professionals and users during the preparation and administration of medication in urgent and emergency services. It was an exploratory cross-sectional study, conducted in three large public hospitals. After receiving approval from the ethics committees, data were collected through direct observation, using a checklist. The sample comprised 130 nursing professionals. We observed 292 medication preparation and administration procedures. Of all the hazardous behaviors observed, the most prevalent were improper management of hospital waste, breaking the aseptic chain, recapping needles, low adherence to protective items, and hand washing errors. The hazardous behaviors found in our study compromise the health of workers and users and can help guide professionals in creating intervention strategies capable of modifying this reality.

Se objetivó identificar y analizar comportamientos de riesgo relativos a exposición a material biológico para profesionales de enfermería y pacientes, durante la preparación y administración de medicamentos en servicios de urgencia y emergencias. Investigación exploratoria, de corte transversal, realizada en tres hospitales públicos de importante magnitud. Luego de aprobación de los Comités de Ética, los datos fueron recolectados por observación directa, utilizándose un check-list. Participaron 130 profesionales de enfermería. Fueron observados 292 procedimientos de preparación y administración de medicamentos. Entre los comportamientos de riesgo, se destacaron: manejo impropio de residuos, ruptura de la cadena aséptica, re-envase de agujas, baja adhesión a uso de ítems de protección y fallas en higienización de manos. Fueron presenciados accidentes, ninguno de ellos fue notificado. Los comportamientos de riesgo biológico identificados comprometen la salud de trabajadores y pacientes, y deben orientar la búsqueda de estrategias de intervención capaces de modificar la realidad

Waste management in non-hospital emergency units / Gerenciamento de resíduos em unidades não hospitalares de urgência e emergência / Manejo de residuos en las unidades no hospitalarias de urgencia y emergencia

OBJECTIVE: to analyze waste management in urgency and emergency non-hospital health care service units. METHOD: Epidemiological cross-sectional study undertaken at three Non-Hospital Emergency Units. The data were collected using systematic observation, registered daily in a spreadsheet and checklist, and analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: the generation of waste varied from 0.087 to 0.138 kg per patient per day. Waste management showed inadequacies in all stages, especially in the separation stage. Infectious waste was found together with common waste, preventing recycling, and piercing and cutting objects were mixed with waste from different groups, increasing the risk of occupational accidents. CONCLUSION: the study reveals the lack of an institutional waste management policy, as demonstrated by the failure of operational stages, involving problems related to management, physical structure, material and human resources at the units. This is relevant for health care units, considering the quality of patient care and its interface with sustainability.

OBJETIVO: analisar o gerenciamento de resíduos nos serviços de saúde, em unidades não hospitalares de atendimento às urgências e emergências. MÉTODO: estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado em três unidades não hospitalares de atendimento às urgências e emergências. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação sistematizada e registrados diariamente em planilha e checklist e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: a geração de resíduos variou de 0,087 a 0,138kg/usuário/dia. O manejo de resíduos apontou inadequações em todas as etapas, principalmente na segregação. Encontraram-se resíduos infectantes adicionados aos comuns, inviabilizando a reciclagem, bem como perfurocortantes misturados aos diferentes grupos, aumentando o risco de acidente ocupacional. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo revela a inexistência de política institucional de gerenciamento de resíduos, evidenciada por falhas nas etapas operacionais que envolvem problemas de gestão, estrutura física, recursos materiais e humanos das unidades. Apresenta relevância para os estabelecimentos de saúde no que tange à qualidade do atendimento ao usuário e à sua interface com a sustentabilidade.

OBJETIVO: analizar la gestión de los residuos en unidades hospitalarias de emergencias y urgencias. MÉTODO: estudio epidemiológico. Los datos fueron recolectados por observación sistemática, registrados diariamente en una hoja de cálculo y check list y analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: la generación de residuos varió desde 0,087 hasta 0,138 kg / usuario / día. La gestión de los residuos mostró deficiencias en todas las etapas, especialmente en la segregación. Fueron encontrados residuos infecciosos añadidos a los comunes, invalidando el reciclaje, así como materiales punzantes y cortantes mezclados con los diferentes grupos, amentando el riesgo de accidentes de trabajo. CONCLUSIÓN: el estudio revela la ausencia de una política institucional para la gestión de los residuos, como lo demuestran las fallas en las medidas operacionales, que implican problemas de gestión, estructura física, recursos materiales y humanos de las unidades. Muestra relevancia para los servicios de salud en lo que se refiere a la calidad del servicio para el usuario y su interfaz con la sostenibilidad.

Psico-Oncologia: atuação do psicólogo no Hospital de Câncer de Barretos / Psycho-oncology: the psychologist in the Barretos Cancer Hospital / Psico-oncología: el psicólogo en el Hospital del Cáncer de Barretos / La psycho-oncologie: le psychologue à L' Hôspital des Cancers de Barretos

A Psico-Oncologia surgiu a partir da necessidade do acompanhamento psicológico ao paciente com câncer, a sua família e à equipe que o acompanha. O papel do psicólogo em oncologia propõe o apoio psicossocial e psicoterapêutico diante do impacto do diagnóstico e de suas consequências e mostra a possibilidade de auxílio para melhor enfrentamento e qualidade de vida do doente e de seus familiares. O objetivo deste relato consiste em descrever a atuação desenvolvida por psicólogos do Serviço de Psicologia do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos/Fundação Pio XII - SP, uma instituição médica especializada em oncologia.

Psycho-oncology arose from the need of psychological intervention for patients with cancer, their families and medical staff. The role of the psychologist in this field is to provide psychosocial support and psychotherapy in face of the impact of the diagnosis and its aftermath. It aims at facilitating better coping and quality of life for patients and their families. The objective of this report is to describe the actions developed by the psychologists of the Department of Psychology at the Barretos Cancer Hospital/ Pio XII Foundation - SP, a medical institution specialized in oncology.

La Psico-oncología surgió de la necesidad del acompañamiento psicológico al paciente con cáncer, su familia y el personal que lo acompaña. El papel del psicólogo en oncología ofrece apoyo psicosocial y psicoterapéutico contra el impacto del diagnostico y sus consecuencias, y muestra la posibilidad de una ayuda a un mejor afrontamiento y calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. El propósito de este informe es describir el papel desarrollado por psicólogos del Servicio de Psicología del Hospital de Cáncer de Barretos/Fundación Pio XII - SP - Brasil, una institución médica especializada en oncología.

La psycho-oncologie aborde la nécessité de l`accompagnemente psychique des patients avec le cancer, sa famille et l'équipe qui lui accompagnent. Le rôle du psychologue qui travaille dans le service d'oncologie propose un appui psychosocial et psychothérapeutique devant l'impacte de la diagnostique et ses consequences, et montre la possibilité d'une aide pour le meilheur affaire face à la qualité de la vie du pacient et de ses familliers. L'object de ce rapport c'est la description de la performance du psycologue de l'Hôpital des Cancers de Barretos - Fondaction Pio XII - São Paulo - Brésil, une institution médicale specialisée en oncologie.

Imagem corporal, ansiedade e depressão em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Body image, anxiety and depression in obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery

Pacientes obesos mórbidos têm recorrido à cirurgia bariátrica como um recurso eficaz para perder peso. Entretanto, este procedimento pode causar alterações comportamentais significativas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os níveis de ansiedade e depressão, assim como as mudanças sofridas na percepção da imagem corporal em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em três momentos: pré-operatório, 6 meses e 12 meses após a cirurgia. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo prospectivo longitudinal, de abordagem quantitativa. No estudo foram aplicados os Inventários de Depressão e Ansiedade de Beck e a Escala Brasileira de Figuras de Silhuetas para Adultos. A cirurgia diminuiu significativamente tanto o índice de massa corporal dos pacientes quanto a insatisfação com a sua imagem corporal. Essa perda de peso e diminuição da insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi acompanhada de redução nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão, o que sugere que estes são fatores importantes no quadro obesidade.

Morbidly obese patients often have resorted to bariatric surgery as an effective resource to be used for weight loss. However, this procedure can cause significant behavioral changes. The objective of this study was to investigate levels of anxiety and depression, as well as the changes suffered in the perception of body image in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery at three different times: preoperatively, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. This is a prospective longitudinal study of a quantitative approach. The study used the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Brazilian Scale of Figures Silhouettes for Adults. Surgery significantly decreased both the body mass index of patients and dissatisfaction with their body image. This weight loss and decreased body image dissatisfaction was accompanied by reduced levels of anxiety and depression, suggesting that these are important factors in the context obesity.

Manejo de resíduos gerados na assistência domiciliar pela Estratégia de Saúde da Familia / Management of waste generated in home care by the Family Health Strategy / Gestión de residuos generados en la atención domiciliaria prestada por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia

O estudo objetivou analisar o manejo dos resíduos gerados pela assistência domiciliar. A coleta de dados ocorreu pela observação da assistência prestada pelos profissionais e usuários e/ou cuidadores. Os dados foram registrados em check list construído conforme recomendações da RDC 306. Os resíduos gerados foram: seringas (38,1%), agulhas (36,5%), esparadrapos (31,7%), gazes (31,7%) e lancetas (28,5%). Os resíduos do grupo A não foram segregados em todas as oportunidades e os do grupo E foram segregados 100% e 10,5% pelos profissionais e usuários, respectivamente. Conclui-se que, diante das inadequações encontradas, é necessária uma ampla discussão coletiva para a proposta de políticas públicas que atendam às especificidades do manejo dos resíduos de serviços de saúde nos domicílios, com intuito de dar segurança aos trabalhadores, comunidade e ambiente.

This study aimed to analyze the management of waste generated by home care. Data were collected through observation of care provided by professionals and users and/or caregivers. Data were recorded on a checklist developed according to the recommendations of RDC 306. The following wastes were generated: syringes (38.1%), needles (36.5%), adhesive plasters (31.7%), gauze (31.7%) and lancets (28.5%). The residues of group A were not segregated in all opportunities and group E were segregated 100% and 10.5% by professionals and users, respectively. It is concluded that, given the inadequacies found, wide collective discussion is required for the proposal of public policies that address the specific waste management of home health services, aiming to provide safety to workers, community and the environment.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la gestión de los residuos generados por la atención domiciliaria. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la observación de la atención prestada por los profesionales y usuarios y/o cuidadores. Los datos fueron registrados en un check list desarrollado de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la RDC 306. Los desechos generados fueron los siguientes: jeringas (38,1%), agujas (36,5%), esparadrapos (31,7%), gasa (31,7%) y lancetas (28,5%). Los residuos en el grupo A no fueron separados en todas las oportunidades y las del grupo E fueron 100% segregados y el 10,5% por los profesionales y usuarios, respectivamente. Se concluye que, dadas las inadecuaciones encontradas, se requiere amplio debate colectivo para la propuesta de políticas públicas que atiendan a las especificaciones del manejo de residuos de los servicios de salud en los hogares, con el objetivo de proveer seguridad a los trabajadores, la comunidad y el medio ambiente.

Hemorragia Pós-parto / Postpartum hemorrhage

A hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) constitui a complicação obstétrica com maior índice de mortalidade materna em todo o mundo. Até 90% desses óbitos podem ser evitados com cuidado médico adequado. Este trabalho objetiva a atualização da classificação e diagnóstico da HPP com o intuito de tornar o conhecimento adequado quanto às medidas preventivas e a instituição da terapêutica em tempo hábil e de forma eficaz.

The postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the obstetric complication with the largest maternal mortality rate all over the world. Motivated by the estimate that up to 90% of those deaths could be avoided by appropriate medical care, this work aims at supplying the professionals in charge of the attendance of the delivering women general knowledge on how to proceed before HPP situation, reducing the maternal morbimortality. It is a bibliographical revision accomplished by scientific articles obtained through searches in portals recognized in the academic-scientific group that approaches some of the definitions of PPH accepted currently, its classification and diagnosis. The knowledge of the risk factors makes possible to the assistance team to take preventive measures and to be prepared to institute the therapeutic measures, in case it is necessary, in skilled time and in an effective way. It is hoped that the correct intervention in the cases leads to a reduction of the maternal morbimortality due to that condition, something not just desirable, but feasible.

Hemorragia pós-parto por atonia uterina: relato de caso / Postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony: case report

A hemorragia pós-parto representa emergência obstétrica que surge em 4 a 6% dos partos, constituindo-se uma das principais causas de morte materna. No pós-parto imediato, as etiologias mais frequentes são: a atonia uterina, a presença de lacerações do canal de parto, a retenção de restos placentários e os distúrbios de coagulação. Este artigo apresenta o relato de uma paciente com hemorragia uterina no pós-parto imediato, submetida a histerectomia subtotal devido à atonia uterina refratária ao tratamento clínico.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric emergency that arises in 4 to 6% of births. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity. In the immediate postpartum period, the most common etiologies are: uterine atony; trauma-related bleeding due to lacerations of the birth canal, incisions or uterine rupture; retention of placenta remains; and coagulation disorders. This article is the case report of a patient with uterine bleeding in the immediate postpartum period, who underwent subtotal hysterectomy due to uterine atony not controlled with medical treatment.

Triagem e intervenção breve em pacientes alcoolizados atendidos na emergência: perspectivas e desafios / Screening and brief intervention for alcoholic patients treated at emergency rooms: prospects and challenges

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os princípios gerais, conceitos e principais elementos da intervenção breve, com uma revisão da literatura sobre sua aplicação em pacientes alcoolizados atendidos na emergência. Aborda a aplicabilidade da triagem como primeiro passo para o processo da intervenção breve e a utilização de instrumentos padronizados e validados que proporcionam informações úteis para um feedback consistente. Finalmente, destaca os desafios associados com a triagem nas salas de emergência como falta de tempo, formação inadequada dos profissionais, medo de incomodar o paciente e crença de que os alcoolistas não respondem às intervenções. Enfatiza-se, contudo, a importância da Intervenção Breve na emergência, que é viável e eficaz e a necessidade de pesquisas para determinar os ajustamentos dos profissionais e dos serviços de saúde.

The purpose of this article was to present the general principles, concepts, and main elements of brief intervention, with a literature review on its use for alcoholic patients treated at emergency rooms. It also presents the applicability of screening as a first step to the brief intervention process and the use of validated standard instruments that allow useful information for consistent feedback. Finally, it highlights the challenges associated with screening in emergency rooms due to insufficient time, inadequate professional training, fear of annoying the patient, and common beliefs that alcoholics do not respond to such interventions. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the relevancy of brief emergency intervention, which is both feasible and efficient, and the need for research to define the relevant adjustments by professionals and the health care system.