Assessing the extent of "conflict of use" in multipurpose tropical forest trees: a regional view.

In the context of multiple forest management, multipurpose tree species which provide both timber and non-timber forest products (NTFP), present particular challenges as the potential of conflicting use for either product may be high. One key aspect is that the magnitude of conflict of use can be location specific, thus adding complexity to policy development. This paper focuses on the extent to which the potential for conflict of use in multipurpose tree species varies across the Amazonian lowland forests shared by Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, emphasizing the economic dimension of conflict. Based on a review of the current normative and regulatory aspects of timber and NTFP extraction in the five countries, the paper also briefly discusses the opportunities and constraints for harmonization of timber and NTFP management of multipurpose species across the region. It was found that about half of the 336 timber species reviewed across the five countries also have non-timber uses. Eleven timber species are multipurpose in all five countries: Calophyllum brasiliense, Cedrela odorata, Ceiba pentandra, Clarisia racemosa, Ficus insipida, Jacaranda copaia, Schefflera morototoni, Simarouba amara and Terminalia amazonia. Seven other multipurpose species occurred only in either Venezuela (Tabebuia impetiginosa, Spondias mombin, Pentaclethra macroloba, Copaifera officinalis, Chlorophora tinctoria, Carapa guianensis) or Ecuador (Tabebuia chrysantha). Four multipurpose tree species presented the highest potential of conflict of use across the region: Dipteryx odorata, Tabebuia serratifolia, Hymenaea courbaril and Myroxylon balsamum yet these were not evenly distributed across all five countries. None of the five studied countries have specific legislation to promote sustainable use of any of the multipurpose species reported here and thus mitigate potential conflict of use; nor documented management options for integration or else segregation of both their timber and NTFP values.

Victimización, clima familiar y el manejo de la culpa-vergüenza en el acoso escolar / Victimization, family environment and the management of the blame-shame on bullying

El presente trabajo se propuso determinar en qué medida los antecedentes de victimización, el manejo de la vergüenza-culpa y el clima familiar diferencian al estudiantado con y sin conductas de acoso hacia los pares. Se identificaron como agresores a 132 estudiantes de secundarias que reportaban un promedio de tres o más conductas agresivas hacia los pares, y se tomó del resto una muestra aleatoria de similar tamaño. Mediante una regresión logística se encontró que las variables estudiadas diferencian de forma significa a los grupos de estudiantes con y sin conductas agresivas hacia los pares (R2 igual .58), y que la victimización (OR igual 10.76), el desplazamiento de la vergüenza (OR igual 1.99) y el conflicto familiar (OR igual 1.51) aumentan la probabilidad de pertenecer al grupo de agresores, mientras el reconocimiento (OR igual 0.62) y la convivencia familiar (OR igual 0.60) disminuyen esta probabilidad. Se concluye que es necesario analizar el acoso escolar desde un marco de referencia ecológico que considere variables ubicadas en los contextos en los que interactúan los individuos.

This work aimed to determine to what extent a history of victimization, handling shame-guilt and family climate differentiate students with and without harassing behavior toward peers. 132 students were identified as aggressors and reported an average of three or more aggressive behavior toward peers. A random sample of similarsize was taken to complete the final number of participants. Using logistic regression, variables studied pointed significant difference between groups of students with and without aggressive behavior toward peers (R2 same .58). Victimization (OR same 10.76), shame displacement (OR same 1.99) and family conflict (OR same 1.51) increase the probability of belonging to the group of assailants while recognition (OR same 0.62) and family life (OR same 0.60)decrease this probability. It is concluded that is necessary to analyze bullying from an ecological frame work considering variables located in the contexts where individuals interact.

Abordagem diagnóstica da dermatomiosite / Diagnostic approach to dermatomiositis

O Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL) é um centro de referência dermatológica e a dermatomiosite é uma doença frequente em seu ambulatório. A dermatomiosite é identificada por suas lesões de pele específicas e pela presença de miopatia inflamatória. Sua incidência é baixa. A confirmação diagnóstica é realizada através da análise da apresentação dermatológica, dosagem sérica de enzimas musculares, eletroneuromiografia e biópsias de pele e músculo. Objetivo: analisar a incidência, características clínicas e procedimentos diagnósticos realizados bem como o tempo para o diagnóstico, levando em conta a sua efetividade. Método: estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com dermatomiosite de janeiro de 2000 a abril de 2013 no ILSL. Conclusão: aconselha-se que se dê prioridade ao atendimento de pacientes com os sintomas neurológicos mais sugestivos, tais como: fraqueza muscular e disfagia associadas a lesões de pele, tendo em vista a possibilidade de dermatomiosite.

As the Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima is a Dermatology Reference Center, dermatomyositis is prevalent in its outpatient clinic. Dermatomyositis is identified by its specific skin lesions and inflammatory myopathy and has low incidence. Diagnostic confirmation is made by the dermatological presentation, serum muscle enzymes, electroneuromyography and skin and muscle biopsies. Objective: to analyze the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic procedures and time to diagnosis of dermatomyositis patients, according to the algorithm rationality and effectiveness Methods: it is a retrospective surveillance of Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL) patients from January 2000 until April 2013. Conclusion: in a dermatology outpatient department it is advisable to prioritize dermatological cases with neurological symptoms suggestive of dysphagia and muscular weakness with skin lesions, referring for neurological examination due to the possibility of derrmatomyositis.

Mielopatia cervical por instabilidade atlanto-axial em portadora de trissomia do 21: diagnóstico neurofisiológico / Cervical myelopathy by atlantoaxial instability in a patiente with trisomy 21

Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher portadora da síndrome de Down com um quadro de paraparesia assimétrica de maior gravidade no lado esquerdo há sete meses, sem sintomas sensitivos ou autonômicos. Foi encaminhada para realização de investigação neurofisiológica especificamente a eletroneuromiografia. Os autores descrevem a estratégia da investigação neurofisiológica para evidenciar a mielopatia e demonstram a presença de subluxação atlanto-axial por Raio X e Tomografia computadorizada.

The authors present a clinical case of a woman with Down syndrome and an asymmetric paraparesis, more severe on the left side, for seven months, without sensory or autonomic symptoms. She was sent for neurophysiological evaluation, specifically electromyography. The authors describe a neurophysiological strategy in order to evidence the involvement of cervical medulla and conluded to be a cases of atlanto-axial subluxation by X-ray and Computed Tomography.