Myocardial protection: comparing histological effects of single-dose cardioplegic solutions-study protocol for a secondary analysis of the CARDIOPLEGIA trial.

Background: Myocardial protection is crucial for successful cardiac surgery, as it prevents heart muscle damage that can occur during the procedure. Prolonged hypoxia without proper protection can lead to adenosine triphosphate consumption, microvilli loss, blister formation, and edema. Custodiol, del Nido, and modified del Nido are single-dose cardioplegic solutions with proven safety and significance in modern surgery. While each has been independently assessed for patient outcomes, limited research directly compares them. This study aims to compare their myocardial protection using histological analysis. Methods: In a double-blind clinical trial, at least 90 patients will be randomly assigned to receive one of the three cardioplegic solutions. Myocardial biopsies will be collected before cardiopulmonary bypass and 15 minutes after reperfusion. The surgical, anesthetic and perfusion techniques will be the same for all patients, following the Institution's standard protocols. Discussion: The ideal cardioplegic solution does not exist, and its selection remains challenging for surgeons. In modern surgical practice, understanding the behavior of these solutions and the ischemic tissue damage caused during induced cardiac arrest allows for safer surgical procedures. The results of this clinical trial can help in understanding the behavior of cardioplegic solutions and their tissue effects. Thus, by selecting the best cardioplegic solution, ischemic damage can be minimized, enhancing the effectiveness of this essential technique in cardiac procedures. The study may aid in implementing clinical protocols in several institutions, aiming to choose the solution with a superior myocardial protection profile, increasing safety, and reducing expenses. Trial Registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC, http://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/): RBR-997tqhh. Registered: January 26th, 2022.

Conventional Versus Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Objective: To assess the potential benefits of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) compared with conventional AVR (CAVR) by examining short-term outcomes. Methods: A systematic search identified randomized trials comparing MIAVR with CAVR. To assess study limitations and quality of evidence, we used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE and performed random-effects meta-analysis. We used meta-regression and sensitivity analysis to explore reasons for diversity. Results: Thirteen studies (1,303 patients) were included. For the comparison of MIAVR and CAVR, the risk of bias was judged low or unclear and the quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. No significant difference was observed in mortality, stroke, acute kidney failure, infectious outcomes, cardiac events, intubation time, intensive care unit stay, reoperation for bleeding, and blood transfusions. Blood loss (mean difference [MD] = -130.58 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -216.34 to -44.82, I2 = 89%) and hospital stay (MD = -0.93 days, 95% CI = -1.62 to -0.23, I2 = 81%) were lower with MIAVR. There were shorter aortic cross-clamp (MD = 5.99 min, 95% CI = 0.99 to 10.98, I2 = 93%) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times (MD = 7.75 min, 95% CI = 0.27 to 15.24, I2 = 94%) in the CAVR group. In meta-regression analysis, we found that age was the variable with the greatest influence on heterogeneity. Conclusions: MIAVR seems to be an excellent alternative to CAVR, reducing hospital stay and incidence of hemorrhagic events. Despite significantly greater aortic cross-clamp and CPB times with MIAVR, this did not translate into adverse effects, with no changes in the results found with CAVR.

Comparison between Custodiol, del Nido and modified del Nido in the myocardial protection - Cardioplegia Trial: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Myocardial protection is essential for successful cardiac surgery, and the search for an ideal cardioplegic solution has continued since its beginning. In this context, Custodiol, del Nido and modified del Nido are single-dose cardioplegic solutions with good safety profiles and great relevance in modern surgical practice. While these solutions have all been evaluated for their impact on patient outcomes independently, limited research exists comparing them directly. Thus, the present study aims to examine the effects of these cardioplegic solutions on myocardial protection and clinical outcomes in adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The assessment of the increase in myocardial injury biomarkers in patients submitted to all treatment methods may be considered a major strength of our study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a clinical trial study protocol that will compare myocardial protection and clinical outcomes among three patient groups based on which cardioplegic solution was used. Patients will be randomised to receive del Nido (n=30), modified del Nido (n=30) or Custodiol (n=30). Myocardial injury biomarkers will be measured at the baseline and 2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after the cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical outcomes will be assessed during the trans operative period and the intensive care unit stay, in addition to other haematological parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol and its related documents were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Brazil, registered under no. 4.029.545. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the related field. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RBR-7g5s66.

Avaliação do eletrodo Merox durante implante em estudo multicêntrico / Evaluation of the lead during implantantion in a multicenter study

A qualidade dos eletrodos do marcapasso determina a eficiência dos sistemas modernos de marcapasso. O eletrodo bipolar Merox para marcapasso (Biotronik, Alemanha) apresenta revestimento fractal nas áreas de superfície eletricamente ativas. Uma seção é dividida em quatro segmentos, que são partes da superfícies geométrica que cobre uma área de 1,3 milímetros ao quadrado (ponta). O propósito desse design é criar um equilíbrio entre contato tecidual e estabilidade, assim reduzindo a incidência de irritação tecidual intracardíaca e microdeslocamento. Este estudo clínico- Registro Merox_ envolve 160 eletrodos Merox por um período de seis meses. Além dos parâmetros elétricos usuais dos eletrodos(amplitude, limiar de estimulação e impedância), o levantamento de dados enfocará especialmente a avaliação do investigador sobre a manipulação no implante e o design do eletrodo, e também a obtençao de informações sobre possíveis complicações. Até o momento, já reunimos dados sobre o implante de 77 eletrodos Merox (15 canais atriais e 62 ventriculares); para 49 desses eletrodos; já temos dados incluindo o acompanhamento de 6 meses. As medições intra-operatórias forneceram os seguintes resultados para os eletrodos intraventriculares (V) e atriais (A)...

Traumatismos abdominais e ferimentos de cólon: manejo do trauma colônico; rafia primária de cólon / Abdominal injuries and colonic injuries: manegement of the colonic trauma; primary raphe of the colon

Säo analisados 832 casos de traumatismos abdominais com 156 ferimentos de cólon atendidos no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre no período de janeiro de 1981 a dezembro de 1983, objetivando a abordagem das causas dos ferimentos, dos orgäos abdominais comprometidos e da sua freqüência, e dando um enfoque especial aos ferimentos de cólon no que tange à sua localizaçäo, ao número e o tratamento através da Rafia Primária comparado com outros procedimentos cirúrgicos, avaliados separadamente quando feitos dentro de seis ou mais hora após o trauma