RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare the number of eligible urgent and elective cardiac surgical patients who could be extubated successfully within 6 hours of surgery and who received sugammadex versus those who did not. DESIGN: This retrospective pilot study compared outcomes in cardiac surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass between 2018 to 2021 who received sugammadex versus those who did not. SETTING: At a tertiary-care hospital in the Northshore of Chicago. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 358 elective or urgent cardiac surgical patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (by 1 cardiac surgeon) and were extubated within 24 hours of the end of surgery at Evanston Hospital in Evanston, IL, were included. INTERVENTIONS: Data were examined in the following 2 groups of patients: those who were administered sugammadex and those who were not. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After performing propensity matching for age, sex, body mass index, kidney or liver disease, the number of preoperative conditions (defined as the sum of the presence of the following medical conditions: diabetes, immunosuppressive disease, on home oxygen, on inhaled bronchodilator, or sleep apnea), number of patients who underwent elective or urgent surgery in each group, surgery time, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, number of intraoperative blood products, use of intraoperative midazolam and propofol, a statistically significant increase in the percentage of patients in the sugammadex group were extubated within 6 hours of the end of surgery versus those who did not receive sugammadex (96.67% v 81.33%, p = 0.0428). In addition, there was a statistically significant reduction in time to extubation (hours) (4.72 ± 2.92) v (3.57± 1.96 p = 0.0098) in the sugammadex group. All other outcomes did not meet statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study suggested that using sugammadex reversal in cardiac surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass may result in more patients meeting the Society of Thoracic Surgery benchmark extubation criteria within 6 hours of the end of surgery.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Bloqueio Neuromuscular , Sugammadex , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sugammadex/uso terapêutico , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is a rare and devastating complication of myocardial infarction. Despite attempts at acute surgical and percutaneous defect closure, morbidity and mortality remain high. Herein, we describe a hybrid surgical and catheter-based approach to defect closure in a 63-year-old woman with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture and cardiogenic shock.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interventricular , Infarto do Miocárdio , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular , Feminino , Comunicação Interventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Comunicação Interventricular/cirurgia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Choque Cardiogênico/diagnóstico , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular/etiologiaRESUMO
Atherosclerotic innominate artery occlusive disease can lead to cerebral and upper extremity ischemia. Innominate artery angioplasty and stenting can be complicated by stent fractures and restenosis; furthermore, this technique is limited in treatment of innominate artery occlusions. Ministernotomy to the second or third intercostal space can be used instead of conventional full sternotomy for open surgical revascularization of the innominate artery with excellent perioperative and long-term outcomes. This series of three consecutive patients highlights the technique of aorta-innominate artery bypass through ministernotomy.
Assuntos
Aorta/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Tronco Braquiocefálico/cirurgia , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Esternotomia/métodos , Idoso , Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta/fisiopatologia , Tronco Braquiocefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Tronco Braquiocefálico/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Técnicas de Sutura , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement has been successfully performed with the use of aortic transcatheter heart valves in hundreds of patients worldwide with severe dysfunction of a degenerated mitral bioprosthesis and high surgical risk for repeat operation. The delivery approach in the vast majority of the mitral valve-in-valve procedures has been transapical. Although the transseptal approach may be more technically challenging, it is less invasive and may be preferred by patients. Data from case series and a large international registry suggest that patients treated with transseptal mitral valve-in-valve have faster recovery, more improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and possibly lower mortality compared with patients treated with transapical approach. A prospective clinical trial, the MITRAL trial (Mitral Implantation of TRAnscatheter vaLves) is evaluating the safety and feasibility of transvenous transseptal mitral valve-in-valve. The experience from this trial has allowed us to improve our procedural approach. In anticipation of a wider adoption of the transseptal approach for mitral valve-in-valve, we describe our current method step-by-step from planning the procedure through postprocedural management. This is an evolving technique that has changed with experience and the transition to newer generation transcatheter heart valve devices. We discuss the use of cardiac computed tomography for planning the procedure including transseptal puncture and valve size selection, provide procedural and technical tips, and discuss postprocedural care.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Falha de Prótese , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Ecocardiografia Doppler em Cores , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Assistência Perioperatória/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Desenho de Prótese , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Reoperação , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The majority of patients having surgical intervention for a vascular ring have resolution of their symptoms. However, 5% to 10% of these patients develop recurrent symptoms related either to airway or esophageal compression and may require reoperation. In our series of 300 patients with vascular rings, we performed a reoperation on 26 patients, not all of whom were originally operated on at our institution. The four primary indications for reoperation were Kommerell diverticulum (n = 18), circumflex aorta (n = 2), residual scarring (n = 2), and tracheobronchomalacia requiring aortopexy (n = 4). All patients undergoing reoperation have had preoperative evaluation with bronchoscopy and computed tomographic scanning (CT) with 3-dimensional reconstruction. Patients with dysphagia have had a barium esophagram and esophagoscopy. Patients with a Kommerell diverticulum have undergone resection of the diverticulum and transfer of the left subclavian artery to the left carotid artery. The aortic uncrossing procedure has been used in patients with a circumflex aorta. Aortopexy has been used to treat anterior compression of the trachea by the aorta. Results of these reinterventions have been successful in nearly all cases. Lessons learned from these reoperations can be applied to prevent the need for reoperation by properly selecting the correct initial operation. A dedicated team caring for these children consisting of medical imaging, otolaryngology, cardiovascular-thoracic surgery, and critical care is imperative.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica , Doenças da Aorta/congênito , Doenças da Aorta/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Divertículo/congênito , Divertículo/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Divertículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Lactente , Reoperação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The MITRAL (Mitral Implantation of Transcatheter Valves) trial is the first prospective trial to evaluate the safety and feasibility of balloon-expandable aortic transcatheter heart valves in patients with failed surgical bioprostheses or annuloplasty rings and severe mitral annular calcification treated with mitral valve-in-valve (MViV), valve-in-ring (MViR), or valve-in-mitral annular calcification (ViMAC). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate 5-year outcomes among these patients. METHODS: A multicenter prospective study was conducted among patients at high surgical risk at 13 U.S. sites. Patients underwent MViV (n = 30), MViR (n = 30), or ViMAC (n = 31) and were followed annually for 5 years. Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores were obtained at baseline and follow-up visits. Echocardiograms were analyzed at independent core laboratories. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients underwent transcatheter mitral valve replacement (February 2015 to December 2017). The mean age was 74.3 ± 8.9 years. At 5-year follow-up, the lowest all-cause mortality was observed in the MViV group (21.4%), 94.7% of patients were in NYHA functional class I or II, and the mean mitral gradient was 6.6 ± 2.5 mm Hg. The MViR and ViMAC groups had higher all-cause mortality (65.5% and 67.9%), most survivors were in NYHA functional classes I and II (50% and 55.6%), and mean mitral gradients remained stable (5.8 ± 0.1 and 6.7 ± 2.5 mm Hg). Significant improvements in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores were observed when all 3 arms were pooled. CONCLUSIONS: MViV, MViR, and ViMAC procedures were associated with sustained improvement of heart failure symptoms and quality of life among survivors at 5 years. Transcatheter heart valve function remained stable in all 3 groups. Patients treated with MViV had excellent survival at 5 years, whereas survival was lower in the MViR and ViMAC groups, consistent with underlying disease severity. Patients with more residual mitral regurgitation had higher mortality.
Assuntos
Calcinose , Cardiomiopatias , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Doenças Vasculares , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Calcinose/cirurgia , Doenças Vasculares/etiologiaRESUMO
CD can be a cause of diarrhea in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Fulminant colitis can develop in immunocompromised patients with CD and progress to toxic megacolon. We report a case of a 10-yr-old girl who developed CD diarrhea and subsequently fulminant colitis with clinical signs and symptoms of abdominal compartment syndrome. She was taken to the operating room emergently and found to have toxic megacolon. She underwent a sub-total abdominal colectomy and end-ileostomy, and made a rapid recovery. Rapid recognition of the severity of the disease in the post-operative transplant patient is imperative as abdominal compartment syndrome may develop requiring surgical management. In pediatric heart transplant patients with diarrhea, we recommend a heightened clinical awareness with aggressive treatment given the risk of progression to fulminant CD and toxic megacolon.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile/metabolismo , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Megacolo Tóxico/cirurgia , Criança , Colectomia/métodos , Colo/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Ileostomia/métodos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Inflamação , Hipertensão Intra-Abdominal/terapia , Megacolo Tóxico/complicações , RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The MITRAL (Mitral Implantation of Transcatheter Valves) trial is the first prospective study for valve-in-mitral annular calcification (ViMAC), mitral valve-in-ring (MViR), and mitral valve-in-valve (MViV) using balloon-expandable aortic transcatheter heart valves. Procedural outcomes beyond 1 year are not well described. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated 2-year outcomes in ViMAC, MViR, and MViV in the MITRAL trial. METHODS: This multicenter prospective study enrolled patients with severe MAC, prior failed mitral annuloplasty ring repair, or prior failed bioprosthetic MV replacement who were at high surgical risk at 13 U.S. sites. RESULTS: Between February 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, 91 patients were enrolled (31 with ViMAC, 30 with MViR, and 30 with MViV). In the ViMAC group, 2-year all-cause mortality was 39.3%, 66.7% were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-II, and mean MV gradient was 5.6 ± 2.0 mm Hg. In the MViR group, 2-year all-cause mortality was 50%, 65% were NYHA functional class I-II, and mean MV gradient was 6.5 ± 2.7 mm Hg. In the MViV group, 2-year all-cause mortality was 6.7%, 85% were NYHA functional class I-II, and mean MV gradient was 6.9 ± 2.4 mm Hg. At 2 years, all patients had ≤mild mitral regurgitation and survivors in all 3 arms showed sustained improvement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Use of balloon-expandable aortic transcatheter heart valves in selected patients with severe MAC, failed annuloplasty ring, and bioprosthetic MV dysfunction is associated with improvements in symptoms, quality of life, and stable prosthesis function at 2-year follow-up. Between 1 and 2 years, the MViR group experienced higher mortality rates than the MViV and ViMAC groups.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Calcinose , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Calcinose/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Implantation of a transcatheter valve-in-mitral annular calcification (ViMAC) has emerged as an alternative to traditional surgical mitral valve (MV) replacement. Previous studies evaluating ViMAC aggregated transseptal, transapical, and transatrial forms of the procedure, leaving uncertainty about each technique's advantages and disadvantages. Thus, we sought to evaluate clinical outcomes specifically for transatrial ViMAC from the largest multicenter registry to-date. METHODS: Patients with symptomatic MV dysfunction and severe MAC who underwent ViMAC were enrolled from 12 centers across the United States and Europe. Clinical characteristics, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were abstracted from the electronic record. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed 126 patients who underwent ViMAC (median age 76 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 70-82 years], 28.6% female, median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 6.8% [IQR, 4.0-11.4], and median follow-up 89 days [IQR, 16-383.5]). Sixty-one (48.4%) had isolated mitral stenosis, 25 (19.8%) had isolated mitral regurgitation (MR), and 40 (31.7%) had mixed MV disease. Technical success was achieved in 119 (94.4%) patients. Thirty (23.8%) patients underwent concurrent septal myectomy, and 8 (6.3%) patients experienced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (7/8 did not undergo myectomy). Five (4.2%) patients of 118 with postprocedure echocardiograms had greater than mild paravalvular leak. Thirty-day and 1-year all-cause mortality occurred in 16 and 33 patients, respectively. In multivariable models, moderate or greater MR at baseline was associated with increased risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-4.99, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Transatrial ViMAC is safe and feasible in this selected, male-predominant cohort. Patients with significant MR may derive less benefit from ViMAC than patients with mitral stenosis only.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Aorta/cirurgia , Coartação Aórtica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Hemodinâmica , Imageamento Tridimensional , Idoso , Aneurisma Aórtico/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Aórtico/etiologia , Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
This article was prepared to summarize the points made in a debate that the first author (C.L.B.) had with Dr. Richard Jonas at the American Association for Thoracic Surgery 90th Annual Meeting. The topic of the debate was the optimal surgical approach for functional single-ventricle patients: extracardiac versus intra-atrial lateral tunnel Fontan. My role was to take the viewpoint that the extracardiac Fontan is better. This review summarizes our results at Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago, IL) with 180 patients undergoing a primary Fontan procedure and 126 patients undergoing an extracardiac Fontan as part of a Fontan conversion. The world literature was reviewed on outcomes following the Fontan procedure, focusing on six main areas supporting the superiority of the extracardiac Fontan: hemodynamics, arrhythmias, applicability to complex anatomy, use of cardiopulmonary bypass, complications of fenestration and thromboembolism, and operative mortality. Based on this review, it is our conclusion that the extracardiac Fontan is the procedure of choice for patients with a functional single ventricle based on a very low operative mortality, a lower incidence of early and late arrhythmias, improved hemodynamics, fewer postoperative complications, and applicability to a wide variety of complex cardiac anatomy.
Assuntos
Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Técnica de Fontan/métodos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Feminino , Técnica de Fontan/mortalidade , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/mortalidade , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Prognóstico , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgia , Medição de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate 1-year outcomes of valve-in-mitral annular calcification (ViMAC) in the MITRAL (Mitral Implantation of Transcatheter Valves) trial. BACKGROUND: The MITRAL trial is the first prospective study evaluating the feasibility of ViMAC using balloon-expandable aortic transcatheter heart valves. METHODS: A multicenter prospective study was conducted, enrolling high-risk surgical patients with severe mitral annular calcification and symptomatic severe mitral valve dysfunction at 13 U.S. sites. RESULTS: Between February 2015 and December 2017, 31 patients were enrolled (median age 74.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 71.3 to 81.0 years], 71% women, median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 6.3% [IQR: 5.0% to 8.8%], 87.1% in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV). Access was transatrial (48.4%), transseptal (48.4%), or transapical (3.2%). Technical success was 74.2%. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) with hemodynamic compromise occurred in 3 patients (transatrial, n = 1; transseptal, n = 1; transapical, n = 1). After LVOTO occurred in the first 2 patients, pre-emptive alcohol septal ablation was implemented to decrease risk in high-risk patients. No intraprocedural deaths or conversions to open heart surgery occurred during the index procedures. All-cause mortality at 30 days was 16.7% (transatrial, 21.4%; transseptal, 6.7%; transapical, 100% [n = 1]; p = 0.33) and at 1 year was 34.5% (transatrial, 38.5%; transseptal, 26.7%; p = 0.69). At 1-year follow-up, 83.3% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, the median mean mitral valve gradient was 6.1 mm Hg (IQR: 5.6 to 7.1 mm Hg), and all patients had ≤1+ mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS: At 1 year, ViMAC was associated with symptom improvement and stable transcatheter heart valve performance. Pre-emptive alcohol septal ablation may prevent transcatheter mitral valve replacement-induced LVOTO in patients at risk. Thirty-day mortality of patients treated via transseptal access was lower than predicted by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score. Further studies are needed to evaluate safety and efficacy of ViMAC.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess 1-year clinical outcomes among high-risk patients with failed surgical mitral bioprostheses who underwent transseptal mitral valve-in-valve (MViV) with the SAPIEN 3 aortic transcatheter heart valve (THV) in the MITRAL (Mitral Implantation of Transcatheter Valves) trial. BACKGROUND: The MITRAL trial is the first prospective study evaluating transseptal MViV with the SAPIEN 3 aortic THV in high-risk patients with failed surgical mitral bioprostheses. METHODS: High-risk patients with symptomatic moderate to severe or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) or severe mitral stenosis due to failed surgical mitral bioprostheses were prospectively enrolled. The primary safety endpoint was technical success. The primary THV performance endpoint was absence of MR grade ≥2+ or mean mitral valve gradient ≥10 mm Hg (30 days and 1 year). Secondary endpoints included procedural success and all-cause mortality (30 days and 1 year). RESULTS: Thirty patients were enrolled between July 2016 and October 2017 (median age 77.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 70.3 to 82.8 years], 63.3% women, median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 9.4% [IQR: 5.8% to 12.0%], 80% in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV). The technical success rate was 100%. The primary performance endpoint in survivors was achieved in 96.6% (28 of 29) at 30 days and 82.8% (24 of 29) at 1 year. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 3.3% and was unchanged at 1 year. The only death was due to airway obstruction after swallowing several pills simultaneously 29 days post-MViV. At 1-year follow-up, 89.3% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, the median mean mitral valve gradient was 6.6 mm Hg (interquartile range: 5.5 to 8.9 mm Hg), and all patients had MR grade ≤1+. CONCLUSIONS: Transseptal MViV in high-risk patients was associated with 100% technical success, low procedural complication rates, and very low mortality at 1 year. The vast majority of patients experienced significant symptom alleviation, and THV performance remained stable at 1 year.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The authors report 1-year outcomes of high-risk patients with failed surgical annuloplasty rings undergoing transseptal mitral valve-in-ring (MViR) with the SAPIEN 3 aortic transcatheter heart valve (THV). BACKGROUND: The MITRAL (Mitral Implantation of Transcatheter Valves) trial is the first prospective study evaluating transseptal MViR with the SAPIEN 3 aortic THV in high-risk patients with failed surgical annuloplasty rings. METHODS: Prospective enrollment of high-risk patients with symptomatic moderate to severe or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) or severe mitral stenosis and failed annuloplasty rings at 13 U.S. sites. The primary safety endpoint was technical success. The primary THV performance endpoint was absence of MR grade ≥2+ or mean mitral valve gradient ≥10 mm Hg (30 days and 1 year). Secondary endpoints included procedural success and all-cause mortality (30 days and 1 year). RESULTS: Thirty patients were enrolled between January 2016 and October 2017 (median age 71.5 years [interquartile range: 67.0 to 76.8 years], 36.7% women, median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 7.6% [interquartile range: 5.1% to 11.8%], 76.7% in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV). Technical success was 66.7% (driven primarily by need for a second valve in 6 patients). There was no intraprocedural mortality or conversion to surgery. The primary performance endpoint was achieved in 85.7% of survivors at 30 days (24 of 28) and 89.5% of patients alive at 1 year with echocardiographic data available (17 of 19). All-cause mortality at 30 days was 6.7% and at 1 year was 23.3%. Among survivors at 1-year follow-up, 84.2% were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, the median mean mitral valve gradient was 6.0 mm Hg (interquartile range: 4.7 to 7.3 mm Hg), and all had ≤1+ MR. CONCLUSIONS: Transseptal MViR was associated with a 30-day mortality rate lower than predicted by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score. At 1 year, transseptal MViR was associated with symptom improvement and stable THV performance.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement using aortic transcatheter heart valves has recently become an alternative for patients with degenerated mitral bioprostheses, failed surgical repairs with annuloplasty rings or severe mitral annular calcification who are poor surgical candidates. Outcomes of these procedures are collected in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology/Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry. A comprehensive analysis of mitral valve-in-valve (MViV), mitral valve-in-ring (MViR), and valve-in-mitral annular calcification (ViMAC) outcomes has not been performed. We sought to evaluate short-term outcomes of early experience with MViV, MViR, and ViMAC in the United States. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry. RESULTS: Nine hundred three high-risk patients (median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 10%) underwent MViV (n=680), MViR (n=123), or ViMAC (n=100) between March 2013 and June 2017 at 172 hospitals. Median age was 75 years, 59.2% female. Technical and procedural success were higher in MViV. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction occurred more frequently with ViMAC (ViMAC=10%, MViR=4.9%, MViV=0.7%; P<0.001). In-hospital mortality (MViV=6.3%, MViR=9%, ViMAC=18%; P=0.004) and 30-day mortality (MViV=8.1%, MViR=11.5%, ViMAC=21.8%; P=0.003) were higher in ViMAC. At 30-day follow-up, median mean mitral valve gradient was 7 mm Hg, most patients (96.7%) had mitral regurgitation grade ≤1 (+) and were in New York Heart Association class I to II (81.7%). CONCLUSIONS: MViV using aortic balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valves is associated with a low complication rate, a 30-day mortality lower than predicted by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, and superior short-term outcomes than MViR and ViMAC. At 30 days, patients in all groups experienced improvement of symptoms, and valve performance remained stable. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02245763.
Assuntos
Calcinose/cirurgia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/instrumentação , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Falha de Prótese , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Calcinose/etiologia , Calcinose/mortalidade , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/mortalidade , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/efeitos adversos , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mitral valve replacement in the setting of severe mitral annular calcification remains a surgical challenge. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) using an aortic balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve is emerging as a potential treatment option for high surgical risk patients. Transseptal, transapical, or transatrial access is not always feasible, so an understanding of alternative implantation techniques is important. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to present a step-by-step description of a contemporary transatrial TMVR technique using balloon-expandable aortic transcatheter heart valves. This procedure has evolved over time to address valve migration, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and paravalvular leak. The authors present a refined technique that has been associated with the most reproducible outcomes. METHODS: A step-by-step description of the TMVR technique and outcomes of 8 patients treated using this technique are described. Baseline patient clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and 30-day post-TMVR outcomes are presented. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent transatrial TMVR at a single institution. Five had previous cardiac surgery. Mean STS score was 8%. Technical success by MVARC (Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium) criteria was 100%. There was zero in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Procedural success by MVARC criteria at 30 days was 100%. Paravalvular leak immediately post-implant was none or trace in 6 and mild in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The technique described is reproducible and was associated with favorable outcomes in this early experience. It represents a useful technique for the treatment of mitral valve disease in the setting of severe annular calcification. A structured and defined implantation technique is critical to investigators as this field evolves.
RESUMO
AIMS: To investigate valve sizing and the haemodynamic relevance of the predicted left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in patients with mitral annular calcification (MAC) undergoing transatrial transcatheter valve implantation (THV). METHODS AND RESULTS: In total, 21 patients undergoing transatrial THV, multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and cubic spline interpolation (CSI) were compared for MA sizing during diastole. In addition, predicted neo-LVOT areas were measured in 18 patients and correlated with the post-procedural haemodynamic dimensions. The procedure was successful in all patients (100%). Concomitant aortic valve replacement was performed in eight patients (43%) (AVR group). Sizing using MPR and MIP yielded comparable results in terms of area, perimeter, and diameter, whereas the dimensions obtained with CSI were systematically smaller. The simulated mean systolic neo-LVOT area was 133.4 ± 64.2 mm2 with an anticipated relative LVOT area reduction (neo-LVOT area/LVOT area × 100) of 59.3 ± 14.7%. The systolic relative LVOT area reduction, but not the absolute neo-LVOT area, was found to predict the peak (r = 0.69; P = 0.002) and mean (r = 0.65; P = 0.004) post-operative aortic gradient in the overall population as well as separately in the AVR (peak: r = 0.91; P = 0.002/mean: r = 0.85; P = 0.002) and no-AVR (peak: r = 0.89; P = 0.003/mean: r = 0.72; P = 0.008) groups. CONCLUSION: In patients with severe MAC undergoing transatrial transcatheter valve implantation, MPR, and MIP yielded comparable annular dimensions, while values obtained with CSI tended to be systematically smaller. Mitral annular area and the average annular diameter appear to be reliable parameters for valve selection. Simulated relative LVOT reduction was found to predict the post-procedural aortic gradients.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of transatrial implantation of a transcatheter heart valve (THV) for the treatment of mitral valve disease with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC). METHODS: Implantation of a balloon-expandable THV was performed on cardiopulmonary bypass via left atrial exposure in patients considered at risk for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The anterior mitral valve leaflet was systematically resected and pledgeted sutures were placed to enhance stability and reduce paravalvular leak. RESULTS: Twenty-six consecutive symptomatic patients with severe MAC (mean age, 78 ± 7 years; 92% female; mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, 9.4 ± 4.8) were included at 6 different centers. Two patients (8%) received an Edwards Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, Calif), and 24 (92%) an Edwards Sapien 3 bioprosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences). Concomitant aortic valve replacement was performed in 11 patients. Technical success according to the criteria of the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium was achieved in all patients. The mean transmitral gradient decreased from 10 ± 5 to 4 ± 2 mm Hg (P < .001) with trace or mild regurgitation in all patients. An elevated mean transaortic gradient (30 mm Hg) was observed in 1 patient (4%). Five patients died during hospital stay (19%) and 2 additional between discharge and 30 days (30-day mortality: 27%). Sustained functional improvement was observed in the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transatrial implantation of a THV for the treatment of MAC is associated with high technical success despite unfavorable anatomy. In this early experience of very high surgical risk patients, 30-day all-cause mortality was high. Patients at particular risk appear to be those with chronic kidney disease requiring multiple valve surgery.
Assuntos
Calcinose/cirurgia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valvuloplastia com Balão , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/mortalidade , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Cateterismo Cardíaco/mortalidade , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Hemodinâmica , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Técnicas de Sutura , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mitral valve replacement in the setting of severe mitral annular calcification remains a surgical challenge. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) using an aortic balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve is emerging as a potential treatment option for high surgical risk patients. Transseptal, transapical, or transatrial access is not always feasible, so an understanding of alternative implantation techniques is important. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to present a step-by-step description of a contemporary transatrial TMVR technique using balloon-expandable aortic transcatheter heart valves. This procedure has evolved over time to address valve migration, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and paravalvular leak. The authors present a refined technique that has been associated with the most reproducible outcomes. METHODS: A step-by-step description of the TMVR technique and outcomes of 8 patients treated using this technique are described. Baseline patient clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and 30-day post-TMVR outcomes are presented. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent transatrial TMVR at a single institution. Five had previous cardiac surgery. Mean STS score was 8%. Technical success by MVARC (Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium) criteria was 100%. There was zero in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Procedural success by MVARC criteria at 30 days was 100%. Paravalvular leak immediately post-implant was none or trace in 6 and mild in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The technique described is reproducible and was associated with favorable outcomes in this early experience. It represents a useful technique for the treatment of mitral valve disease in the setting of severe annular calcification. A structured and defined implantation technique is critical to investigators as this field evolves.