RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can cause alterations in the coagulation mechanism conditioning thrombotic phenomena such as acute limb ischemia (ALI) as the only manifestation of the infection. The aim of the study was to describe clinical and surgical characteristics of a group of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who presented ALI in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic at Lima, Peru. METHODS: A multicenter, observational, and retrospective study was performed in six general hospitals, from March to July 2020. The variables considered were the pathological history and associated habits, laboratory tests, the severity of COVID-19 infection and ALI, the anatomic location of the lesion, treatment, evolution, and discharge conditions. RESULTS: Thirty patients with ALI infected with COVID-19 were evaluated. Their mean age was 60 ± 15 years, the condition being more frequent in men (76.6%). The main comorbidities were arterial hypertension (33.3%), obesity (33.3%), and diabetes mellitus 2 (26.6%). There were 23.3% asymptomatic patients, and their only manifestation was ALI. Rutherford IIA and IIB stage included 93.2% of patients. The most frequent location of the thrombosis was the lower limbs (73.3% vs. 26.6%). Thrombectomy was performed in 76.6% of the patients, and amputation (primary and secondary) was performed in 30% of the patients. The mortality rate was 23.3%, all of it because of acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: ALI is a vascular pathology associated with embolic and thrombotic processes. COVID-19 infection can cause severe alterations in coagulation mechanisms, leading some patients to present severe acute arterial complications such as thrombosis, as the only associated manifestation. We report a younger cohort than those described in other studies and with a high frequency of amputations despite adequate surgical treatment.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Isquemia/etiologia , Isquemia/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Aguda , Amputação Cirúrgica , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Peru/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , TrombectomiaRESUMO
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease, is caused by variants in both alleles of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. A new assay based on allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution melting analysis was developed for the detection of 18 CF-causing CFTR variants previously identified in Cuba and Latin America. The assay is also useful for zygosity determination of mutated alleles and includes internal controls. The reaction mixtures were normalized and evaluated using blood samples collected on filter paper. The evaluation of analytical parameters demonstrated the specificity and sensitivity of the method to detect the included CFTR variants. Internal and external validations yielded a 100% agreement between the new assay and the used reference tests. This assay can complement CF newborn screening not only in Cuba but also in Latin America.
Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Fibrose Cística/genética , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , AlelosRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: las infecciones respiratorias agudas, sobre todo las neumonías, son uno de los principales problemas de salud en los niños menores de 5 años de edad en los países en desarrollo. OBJETIVO: caracterizar la neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad en el servicio de Neumología. MÉTODOS: se realizó un trabajo prospectivo descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron los pacientes que ingresaron en el servicio de Neumología, con una neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad, procedentes de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva o del Cuerpo de Guardia, desde diciembre de 2005 a diciembre de 2010. Se incluyeron 187 pacientes con aparente salud anterior, seguidos por consulta al egreso hasta su alta médica. Se practicó un análisis descriptivo de las variables clínicas, radiológicas y de tratamiento. RESULTADOS: de 187 pacientes el 76,4 % eran menores de 5 años, y el 53,5 % femeninos. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la no lactancia materna exclusiva (91,6 %) en el grupo de edad de 1-4 años. La fiebre, la polipnea y el tiraje estuvieron presentes en la mayoría de ellos. El pulmón derecho fue el más afectado en el 57,7 %, pero se registró mayor cifra de complicaciones en el izquierdo (58,2%). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: el derrame pleural y el absceso pulmonar en 40,6 y 10,2 %, respectivamente. El tratamiento con penicilina cristalina sola se usó en el 36,3 % de los pacientes, y se logró una buena evolución clínica, sin hacer cambios terapéuticos. CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes en su totalidad evolucionan de forma favorable con los esquemas de antibióticos utilizados.
INTRODUCTION: acute respiratory infections, mainly pneumonias, are the main health problems in children aged under 5 years in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the community-acquired severe pneumonia in the pneumonia management service. METHODS: a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. There were selected those patients who were admitted to the pneumonia management service with community-acquired severe pneumonia and had been referred from the intensive care unit or the emergency service in the period of December 2005 to December 2010. One hundred and eighty seven patients in apparent healthy condition before the disease, who had been followed-up from the time of discharge from the hospital until their final medical discharge, were included in the research. A descriptive analysis of the clinical, radiological and therapeutic variables was made. RESULTS: of 187 patients, 76.4 % were aged under 5 years, 53.5 % were females. The most common risk factor was non-exclusive breastfeeding (91.6 %) in the 1-4 year age group. Fever, polypnea and tirage were present in most of them. The right lung was the most affected in 57.7 % of cases, but the left lung provided the highest number of complications (58.2 %). The most common complications were pleural effusion and the pulmonary abscess in 40.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively. The single crystalline penicillin treatment was used in 36.7 % of patients with good clinical progression with no further therapeutic changes. CONCLUSIONS: all the patients has favorable recovery with the antibiotic treatments used.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Introducción: la neumonía es una de las causas más importantes de mortalidad entre la población menor de 5 años en los países en desarrollo. Objetivo: analizar la expresión clínico-radiológica y la evolución de los pacientes en un quinquenio. Métodos: se realizó un trabajo prospectivo descriptivo de corte transversal, con los pacientes que ingresaron con neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad en el Servicio de Enfermedades Respiratorias, en un quinquenio (2003-2007), que fueron seguidos por consulta externa al egreso, hasta su alta médica. Se practicó un análisis de las variables clínico-radiológicas. Se procesaron los datos utilizando la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: de los 217 pacientes analizados, 149 (68,6 por ciento) tenían de 1 a 4 años, y el 53 por ciento era del sexo masculino. La fiebre, la polipnea y el tiraje estuvo presente en todos los pacientes. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: el derrame pleural y el absceso pulmonar en 60,7 y 27,6 por ciento respectivamente. El pulmón derecho resultó el más afectado, pero el que más se complicó fue el izquierdo. Conclusiones: todos los pacientes tuvieron una evolución favorable, a pesar de que más de la mitad se complicaron. Se encontró que los pacientes con afectación en un solo pulmón, tienen más posibilidades de complicarse que cuando la afectación es bilateral
Introduction: pneumonia is one of the most important causes of mortality in the population under 5 years of age in the developing countries. Objective: to analyze the clinical and radiological expression and the progression of patients in a five-year period. Methods: a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on patients who had suffered severe community-acquired pneumonia and had been admitted to the respiratory disease center in the 2003 through 2007 period. They had been followed up at the outpatient service up to their discharge from hospital. The clinical and radiological variables were analyzed. Data were processed with the Chi-square test. Results: of 217 analyzed patients, 149 (68.6 percent) were one to 4 years-old and 53 percent were males. Fever, polypnea, and tirage were observed in patients. The most frequent complications comprised pleural effusion and pulmonary abscess in 60.7 and 27.6 percent of cases, respectively. The right lung was the most affected but complications were more common in the left lung. Conclusions: all the patients had favorable progression, although more than a half suffered complications. It was found that those patients with only one lung affected, were more likely to get complicated than those with both lungs affected by the disease
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Clínico , Evolução Clínica/métodos , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Se realizo un estudio para fijar el porcentaje de hematies dismorficos que sirva de punto de corte optimo para el diagnostico topografico de las hematurias en pacientes pediatricos. Se utilizaron datos clinicos y de laboratorio de 77 pacientes con hematuria glomerular y 15 con hematuria no glomerular. Mediante una metodologia estadistica se obtuvo 14 por ciento como valor del punto, con lo que se asigna al grupo de las hematurias glomerulares todo paciente que presente una cifra de hematies dismorficos igual o superior. El area bajo la curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) asociada a este test fue 0,9597, lo que indica una elevada exactitud para la prueba, basntante cercana del valor idal, 1,0 que indica una discriminacion perfecta