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1.
Cell ; 179(5): 1084-1097.e21, 2019 11 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31730851

RESUMO

The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns of diversity and the underlying drivers remain poorly known, precluding projections of their responses to global changes. Here we investigate the latitudinal gradients and global predictors of plankton diversity across archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, and major virus clades using both molecular and imaging data from Tara Oceans. We show a decline of diversity for most planktonic groups toward the poles, mainly driven by decreasing ocean temperatures. Projections into the future suggest that severe warming of the surface ocean by the end of the 21st century could lead to tropicalization of the diversity of most planktonic groups in temperate and polar regions. These changes may have multiple consequences for marine ecosystem functioning and services and are expected to be particularly significant in key areas for carbon sequestration, fisheries, and marine conservation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Plâncton/fisiologia , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Geografia , Modelos Teóricos , Oceanos e Mares , Filogenia
2.
Mol Cell ; 72(5): 902-915.e7, 2018 12 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30392928

RESUMO

Chromatin adopts a diversity of regular and irregular fiber structures in vitro and in vivo. However, how an array of nucleosomes folds into and switches between different fiber conformations is poorly understood. We report the 9.7 Å resolution crystal structure of a 6-nucleosome array bound to linker histone H1 determined under ionic conditions that favor incomplete chromatin condensation. The structure reveals a flat two-start helix with uniform nucleosomal stacking interfaces and a nucleosome packing density that is only half that of a twisted 30-nm fiber. Hydroxyl radical footprinting indicates that H1 binds the array in an on-dyad configuration resembling that observed for mononucleosomes. Biophysical, cryo-EM, and crosslinking data validate the crystal structure and reveal that a minor change in ionic environment shifts the conformational landscape to a more compact, twisted form. These findings provide insights into the structural plasticity of chromatin and suggest a possible assembly pathway for a 30-nm fiber.


Assuntos
DNA/química , Histonas/química , Proteína 1 de Modelagem do Nucleossomo/química , Nucleossomos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Clonagem Molecular , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , Cristalografia por Raios X , DNA/genética , DNA/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Radical Hidroxila/química , Modelos Moleculares , Proteína 1 de Modelagem do Nucleossomo/genética , Proteína 1 de Modelagem do Nucleossomo/metabolismo , Nucleossomos/química , Nucleossomos/metabolismo , Concentração Osmolar , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica em alfa-Hélice , Conformação Proteica em Folha beta , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Multimerização Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Xenopus laevis
3.
Mol Cell ; 66(3): 384-397.e8, 2017 May 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28475873

RESUMO

Linker histones associate with nucleosomes to promote the formation of higher-order chromatin structure, but the underlying molecular details are unclear. We investigated the structure of a 197 bp nucleosome bearing symmetric 25 bp linker DNA arms in complex with vertebrate linker histone H1. We determined electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) and crystal structures of unbound and H1-bound nucleosomes and validated these structures by site-directed protein cross-linking and hydroxyl radical footprinting experiments. Histone H1 shifts the conformational landscape of the nucleosome by drawing the two linkers together and reducing their flexibility. The H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) localizes primarily to a single linker, while the H1 globular domain contacts the nucleosome dyad and both linkers, associating more closely with the CTD-distal linker. These findings reveal that H1 imparts a strong degree of asymmetry to the nucleosome, which is likely to influence the assembly and architecture of higher-order structures.


Assuntos
Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Cromatina/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Nucleossomos/metabolismo , Animais , Pareamento de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Cromatina/química , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Histonas/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Nucleossomos/química , Nucleossomos/genética , Nucleossomos/ultraestrutura , Ligação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Tempo , Xenopus laevis/genética , Xenopus laevis/metabolismo
4.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(31): 13795-13807, 2024 Aug 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39046290

RESUMO

The ocean's mercury (Hg) content has tripled due to anthropogenic activities, and although the dark ocean (>200 m) has become an important Hg reservoir, concentrations of the toxic and bioaccumulative methylmercury (MeHg) are low and therefore very difficult to measure. As a consequence, the current understanding of the Hg cycle in the deep ocean is severely data-limited, and the factors controlling MeHg, as well as its transformation rates, remain largely unknown. By analyzing 52 globally distributed bathypelagic deep-ocean metagenomes and 26 new metatranscriptomes from the Malaspina Expedition, our study reveals the widespread distribution and expression of bacterial-coding genes merA and merB in the global bathypelagic ocean (∼4000 m depth). These genes, associated with HgII reduction and MeHg demethylation, respectively, are particularly prevalent within the particle-attached fraction. Moreover, our results indicate that water mass age and the organic matter composition shaped the structure of the communities harboring merA and merB genes living in different particle size fractions, their abundance, and their expression levels. Members of the orders Corynebacteriales, Rhodobacterales, Alteromonadales, Oceanospirillales, Moraxellales, and Flavobacteriales were the main taxonomic players containing merA and merB genes in the deep ocean. These findings, together with our previous results of pure culture isolates of the deep bathypelagic ocean possessing the metabolic capacity to degrade MeHg, indicated that both methylmercury demethylation and HgII reduction likely occur in the global dark ocean, the largest biome in the biosphere.


Assuntos
Mercúrio , Compostos de Metilmercúrio , Compostos de Metilmercúrio/metabolismo , Mercúrio/metabolismo , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Oceanos e Mares , Desmetilação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35997078

RESUMO

Two strains isolated from a sample of activated sludge that was obtained from a seawater-based wastewater treatment plant on the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Spain have been characterized to achieve their taxonomic classification, since preliminary data suggested they could represent novel taxa. Given the uniqueness of this habitat, as this sort of plants are rare in the world and this one used seawater to process an influent containing intermediate products from amoxicillin synthesis, we also explored their ecology and the annotations of their genomic sequences. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that one of them, which was orange-pigmented, was distantly related to Vicingus serpentipes (family Vicingaceae) and to other representatives of neighbouring families in the order Flavobacteriales (class Flavobacteriia) by 88-89 % similarities; while the other strain, which was yellow-pigmented, was a putative new species of Lysobacter (family Xanthomonadaceae, order Xanthomonadales, class Gammaproteobacteria) with Lysobacter arseniciresistens as closest relative (97.3 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity to its type strain). Following a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including a genome-based phylogenetic analysis and a thorough phenotypic characterization, we propose the following novel taxa: Parvicella tangerina gen. nov., sp. nov. (whose type strain is AS29M-1T=CECT 30217T=LMG 32344T), Parvicellaceae fam. nov. (whose type genus is Parvicella), and Lysobacter luteus sp. nov. (whose type strain is AS29MT=CECT 30171T=LMG 32343T).


Assuntos
Flavobacteriaceae , Gammaproteobacteria , Lysobacter , Purificação da Água , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Humanos , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Esgotos
6.
Environ Sci Technol ; 56(6): 3452-3461, 2022 03 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35245029

RESUMO

Microbial reduction of inorganic divalent mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg) demethylation is performed by the mer operon, specifically by merA and merB genes, respectively, but little is known about the mercury tolerance capacity of marine microorganisms and its prevalence in the ocean. Here, combining culture-dependent analyses with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data, we show that marine bacteria that encode mer genes are widespread and active in the global ocean. We explored the distribution of these genes in 290 marine heterotrophic bacteria (Alteromonas and Marinobacter spp.) isolated from different oceanographic regions and depths, and assessed their tolerance to diverse concentrations of Hg2+ and MeHg. In particular, the Alteromonas sp. ISS312 strain presented the highest tolerance capacity and a degradation efficiency for MeHg of 98.2% in 24 h. Fragment recruitment analyses of Alteromonas sp. genomes (ISS312 strain and its associated reconstructed metagenome assembled genome MAG-0289) against microbial bathypelagic metagenomes confirm their prevalence in the deep ocean. Moreover, we retrieved 54 merA and 6 merB genes variants related to the Alteromonas sp. ISS312 strain from global metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from Tara Oceans. Our findings highlight the biological reductive MeHg degradation as a relevant pathway of the ocean Hg biogeochemical cycle.


Assuntos
Mercúrio , Compostos de Metilmercúrio , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Mercúrio/metabolismo , Compostos de Metilmercúrio/metabolismo , Oceanos e Mares , Prevalência
7.
BMC Microbiol ; 20(1): 207, 2020 07 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32660423

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Isolation of marine microorganisms is fundamental to gather information about their physiology, ecology and genomic content. To date, most of the bacterial isolation efforts have focused on the photic ocean leaving the deep ocean less explored. We have created a marine culture collection of heterotrophic bacteria (MARINHET) using a standard marine medium comprising a total of 1561 bacterial strains, and covering a variety of oceanographic regions from different seasons and years, from 2009 to 2015. Specifically, our marine collection contains isolates from both photic (817) and aphotic layers (744), including the mesopelagic (362) and the bathypelagic (382), from the North Western Mediterranean Sea, the North and South Atlantic Ocean, the Indian, the Pacific, and the Arctic Oceans. We described the taxonomy, the phylogenetic diversity and the biogeography of a fraction of the marine culturable microorganisms to enhance our knowledge about which heterotrophic marine isolates are recurrently retrieved across oceans and along different depths. RESULTS: The partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of all isolates revealed that they mainly affiliate with the classes Alphaproteobacteria (35.9%), Gammaproteobacteria (38.6%), and phylum Bacteroidetes (16.5%). In addition, Alteromonas and Erythrobacter genera were found the most common heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean growing in solid agar medium. When comparing all photic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic isolates sequences retrieved from different stations, 37% of them were 100% identical. This percentage increased up to 59% when mesopelagic and bathypelagic strains were grouped as the aphotic dataset and compared to the photic dataset of isolates, indicating the ubiquity of some bacterial isolates along different ocean depths. Finally, we isolated three strains that represent a new species, and the genome comparison and phenotypic characterization of two of these strains (ISS653 and ISS1889) concluded that they belong to a new species within the genus Mesonia. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study highlights the relevance of culture-dependent studies, with focus on marine isolated bacteria from different oceanographic regions and depths, to provide a more comprehensive view of the culturable marine bacteria as part of the total marine microbial diversity.


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Regiões Árticas , Oceano Atlântico , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Processos Heterotróficos , Oceano Índico , Mar Mediterrâneo , Oceano Pacífico , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Microbiologia da Água
8.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol ; 70(7): 4329-4338, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32589567

RESUMO

Strain ISS653T, isolated from Atlantic seawater, is a yellow pigmented, non-motile, Gram-reaction-negative rod-shaped bacterium, strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic, slightly halophilic (1-15 % NaCl) and mesophilic (4-37 °C), oxidase- and catalase-positive and proteolytic. Its major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH; the major identified phospholipid is phosphatidylethanolamine and the major respiratory quinone is MK6. Genome size is 4.28 Mbp and DNA G+C content is 34.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity places the strain among members of the family Flavobacteriaceae, with the type strains of Mesonia phycicola (93.2 %), Salegentibacter mishustinae (93.1 %) and Mesonia mobilis (92.9 %) as closest relatives. Average amino acid identity (AAI) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) indices show highest values with M. mobilis (81 % AAI; 78.9 % ANI), M. phycicola (76 % AAI; 76.3 % ANI), Mesonia maritima (72 % AAI, 74.9 % ANI), Mesonia hippocampi (64 % AAI, 70.8 % ANI) and Mesonia algae (68 % AAI; 72.2 % ANI). Phylogenomic analysis using the Up-to-date-Bacterial Core Gene set (UBCG) merges strain ISS653T in a clade with species of the genus Mesonia. We conclude that strain ISS653T represents a novel species of the genus Mesonia for which we propose the name Mesonia oceanica sp. nov., and strain ISS653T (=CECT 9532T=LMG 31236T) as the type strain. A second strain of the species, ISS1889 (=CECT 30008) was isolated from Pacific Ocean seawater. Data obtained throughout the Tara oceans expedition indicate that the species is more abundant in the mesopelagic dark ocean than in the photic layer and it is more frequent in the South Pacific, Indian and North Atlantic oceans.


Assuntos
Flavobacteriaceae/classificação , Filogenia , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Oceano Atlântico , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Flavobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Oceano Pacífico , Pigmentação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados
9.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol ; 70(2): 1231-1239, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31793854

RESUMO

Strain ISS155T, isolated from surface Mediterranean seawater, has cells that are Gram-reaction-negative, motile, strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophic, oxidase-positive, unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite, and able to grow with cellulose as the sole carbon and energy source. It is mesophilic, neutrophilic, slightly halophilic and has a requirement for sodium and magnesium ions. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence places the strain among members of Cellvibrionaceae, in the Gammaproteobacteria, with Agarilytica rhodophyticola 017T as closest relative (94.3 % similarity). Its major cellular fatty acids are C18 : 1, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1; major phospholipids are phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and an unidentified lipid, and the major respiratory quinone is Q8. The genome size is 6.09 Mbp and G+C content is 45.2 mol%. A phylogenomic analysis using UBCG merges strain ISS155T in a clade with A. rhodophyticola, Teredinibacter turnerae, Saccharophagus degradans and Agaribacterium haliotis type strain genomes, all of them possessing a varied array of carbohydrate-active enzymes and the potential for polysaccharide degradation. Average amino acid identity indexes determined against available Cellvibrionaceae type strain genomes show that strain ISS155T is related to them by values lower than 60 %, with a maximum of 58 % to A. rhodophyticola 017T and 57 % to T. turnerae T7902T and S. degradans 2-40T. These results, together with the low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and differences in phenotypic profiles, indicate that strain ISS155T represents a new genus and species in Cellvibrionaceae, for which we propose the name Thalassocella blandensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and strain ISS155T (=CECT 9533T=LMG 31237T) as the type strain.


Assuntos
Phyllobacteriaceae/classificação , Filogenia , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Mar Mediterrâneo , Fosfolipídeos/química , Phyllobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Ubiquinona/química
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