RESUMO
The Traffic Locus of Control scale (T-LOC) serves as a measure of drivers' personality attributes, providing insights into their perceptions of potential causes of road traffic crashes (RTCs). This study meticulously evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) among Lebanese drivers. Additionally, the study aimed to explore associations between the T-LOC scale and various driving variables, including driver behavior, accident involvement, and traffic offenses. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Lebanese drivers using a face-to-face approach. The validation of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) occurred through a two-stage process: translating and culturally adapting T-LOC in the first stage, and testing its psychometric properties in the second stage. Data were collected using a comprehensive self-reported questionnaire in Arabic, covering demographic and travel-related variables, risk involvement, and measures such as the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and T-LOC. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to scrutinize the factorial structure of T-LOC. Pearson correlation and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Two logistic regression analyses were executed to probe associations between T-LOC and involvement in road traffic crashes (RTCs) and T-LOC subscales with the occurrence of traffic offenses. The study included 568 drivers, predominantly male (69%) and aged between 30 and 49 years (42.1%). The findings revealed that T-LOC-A exhibited robust psychometric properties, with excellent reliabilities (α = 0.85) and adherence to the original four-factor structure, encompassing self (α = 0.88), other drivers (α = 0.91), vehicle/environment (α = 0.86), and fate (α = 0.66). The multidimensional structure was statistically supported by favorable fit indices. Gender differences revealed men attributing responsibility to other drivers, while women leaned towards fate and luck beliefs. Regarding driver behavior, the "other drivers" and self-dimensions of T-LOC-A correlated positively with aggressive violations. The fate dimension showed positive associations with aggressive violations and lapses. The "other drivers" subscale correlated positively with errors, and the vehicle/environment subscale with lapses. External T-LOC factors were positively associated with accident involvement, while the "LOC self" factor emerged as a protective element. In terms of traffic offenses, "LOC fate" displayed a positive association, while the "LOC self" factor showed a protective effect. In conclusion, the Arabic T-LOC is a reliable and valuable instrument, suggesting potential improvements in driving safety by addressing drivers' locus of control perceptions.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Condução de Veículo , Controle Interno-Externo , Psicometria , Humanos , Acidentes de Trânsito/psicologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Líbano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of semiautomated linking of road traffic injury (RTI) cases in different data sets in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: The study population consisted of RTI cases in the Dominican Republic in 2010 and were identified in police and health insurance data sets. After duplicates were removed and fatality reporting was corrected by using forensic data, police and health insurance RTI records were linked if they had the same province, collision date, and gender of RTI cases and similar age within five years. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the likelihood of being in only one of the data sets. RESULTS: One of five records was a duplicate, including 21.1% of 6 396 police and 16.2% of 6 178 insurance records. Health insurance data recorded 43 of 417 deaths as only injured. Capture - recapture estimated that both data sets recorded one of five RTI cases. Characteristics associated with increased likelihood (P < 0.05) of being only in the police data set were female gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5], age ≥ 16 years (OR = 1.7), collision in the regions of Cibao Northeast (OR = 4.1) and Valdesia (OR = 6.4), day of occurrence from Tuesday to Saturday (ORs from 1.5 to 2.9), month of occurrence from October to December (ORs from 1.6 to 4.5), and occupant of four-wheeled vehicles (OR = 5.4) or trucks (OR = 5.3). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent semiautomated linking procedures were feasible to ascertain the RTI burden in the Dominican Republic and could be improved by standardized coding of police and health insurance RTI reporting.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la factibilidad de la vinculación semiautomática de los registros de casos de lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (LAT) de diferentes conjuntos de datos en países de ingresos bajos y medianos. MÉTODOS: La población de estudio la constituían los casos de LAT ocurridos en la República Dominicana en el 2010 y registrados en los conjuntos de datos de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud. Después de eliminar los casos duplicados y corregir la notificación de defunciones a partir de los datos forenses, se vincularon los registros de LAT de la policía y el seguro de enfermedad si los casos correspondían a la misma provincia, fecha de colisión y sexo, y la edad era similar con una diferencia no superior a cinco años. Se evaluó la probabilidad de aparecer únicamente en uno de los conjuntos de datos mediante un modelo de regresión logística polinómica. RESULTADOS: Uno de cada cinco registros estaba duplicado (21,1% de los 6 396 registros de la policía y 16,2% de los 6 178 registros del seguro). En el conjunto de datos del seguro nacional de salud se registraron 43 de las 417 defunciones como únicamente lesionados. Mediante el método de captura-recaptura se calculó que en ambos conjuntos de datos se registraban uno de cada cinco casos de LAT. Las características asociadas con una mayor probabilidad (P < 0,05) de aparecer únicamente en el conjunto de datos de la policía fueron el sexo femenino (razón de posibilidades ajustada [OR] = 2,5), la edad ≥ 16 años (OR = 1,7), la colisión en las regiones del nordeste de Cibao (OR = 4,1) y Valdesia (OR = 6,4), el día del accidente de martes a sábado (OR de 1,5 a 2,9), el mes del accidente de octubre a diciembre (OR de 1,6 a 4,5) y los ocupantes de vehículos de cuatro ruedas (OR = 5,4) o camiones (OR = 5,3). CONCLUSIONES: Los procedimientos sistemáticos de vinculación semiautomatizada se mostraron factibles para evaluar la carga de LAT en la República Dominicana, y se podrían mejorar mediante la codificación estandarizada de las notificaciones de LAT de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Formulário de Reclamação de Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Registros , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Ciclismo/lesões , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Veículos Automotores/estatística & dados numéricos , Polícia , Registros/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: Desde principios de los años 2000, el consumo de Pasta Base de Cocaína (PBC) se hizo objeto de preocupación para los clínicos y los actores de Sanidad Pública en Uruguay. A pesar de la importancia del fenómeno existen muy pocos estudios sobre las condiciones psiquiátricas asociadas al consumo de PBC, especialmente en población pediátrica, siendo esta la más vulnerable y la que puede beneficiar de intervenciones precoces eficaces. El objetivo de este trabajo era determinar la asociación entre problemas psiquiátricos y consumo de PBC en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados. Método: Realizamos un estudio observacional comparativo, entre 2008 y 2010, en una población que consultaba en las urgencias del hospital pediátrico de Montevideo (Uruguay). Un grupo consumidor de PBC (N = 20) fue comparado con un grupo no consumidor de sustancias psicoactivas (N = 20) con el Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) que mide los problemas emocionales y conductuales del joven. Resultados: El grupo consumidor de PBC mostraba niveles significativamente superiores de problemas externalizados e internalizados, particularmente comportamientos oposicionistas. Conclusiones: El consumo de PBC se asocia a niveles mayores de problemas psiquiátricos en los jóvenes. Actuar precozmente para prevenir el consumo de PBC y tratar los problemas externalizados en los consumidores parece esencial para mejorar la salud de los jóvenes en Uruguay.
ntroduction: Since the years 2000, the consumption of Cocaine Paste (CP) has become an important issue for clinicians and public health actors in Uruguay. In spite of the importance of the phenomenon few studies have focused on psychiatric conditions associated with CP consumption, especially in the paediatric population yet the most vulnerable and the one that could benefit from early effective interventions. The aim of this work was to determine the association between psychiatric problems and CP consumption in inpatients youths. Methods: We conducted an observational and comparative study between 2008 and 2010, in a paediatric population consulting in the child psychiatric emergency room of Montevideo (Uruguay). A group consuming CP (N = 20) was compared to a group not consuming psychoactive substances (N = 20) with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: The group consuming CP showed significantly higher levels of externalizing and internalizing problems, particularly oppositional behaviors. Conclusions: CP consumption is associated with higher levels of psychiatric symptoms in youths. Early interventions to prevent CP consumption and treat externalizing problems is of utmost importance to improve the health of youths in Uruguay.