Assessment of association between lower ureteric excision technique and oncological outcomes for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: retrospective analysis from the Scottish Renal Cancer Consortium.

PURPOSE: Nephroureterectomy(NU) remains the gold-standard surgical option for the management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC). Controversy exists regarding the optimal excision technique of the lower ureter. We sought to compare post-UTUC bladder tumour recurrence across the Scottish Renal Cancer Consortium(SRCC). METHODS: Patients who underwent NU for UTUC across the SRCC 2012-2019 were identified. The impact of lower-end surgical technique along with T-stage, N-stage, tumour location and focality, positive surgical margin, pre-NU ureteroscopy, upper-end technique and adjuvant mitomycin C administration were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression. The primary outcome was intra-vesical recurrence-free survival (B-RFS). RESULTS: In 402 patients, the median follow-up was 29 months. The lower ureter was managed by open transvesical excision in 90 individuals, transurethral and laparoscopic dissection in 76, laparoscopic or open extra-vesical excision in 31 and 42 respectively, and transurethral dissection and pluck in 163. 114(28.4%) patients had a bladder recurrence during follow-up. There was no difference in B-RFS between lower-end techniques by Kaplan-Meier (p = 0.94). When all factors were taken into account by adjusted Cox-regression, preceding ureteroscopy (HR 2.65, p = 0.001), lower ureteric tumour location (HR 2.16, p = 0.02), previous bladder cancer (HR 1.75, p = 0.01) and male gender (HR 1.61, p = 0.03) were associated with B-RFS. CONCLUSION: These data suggest in appropriately selected patients, lower ureteric management technique does not affect B-RFS. Along with lower ureteric tumour location, male gender and previous bladder cancer, preceding ureteroscopy was associated with a higher recurrence rate following NU, and the indication for this should be carefully considered.

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: What Is the Evidence for Investigating with Flexible Cystoscopy, Imaging and Urodynamics?

Background/Aims/Objectives: Women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly referred to urology outpatient clinics. However, there is no clear consensus in existing guidelines as to if, or how, these should be investigated. The primary outcome was to evaluate all available literature to determine the percentage of abnormal findings in non-pregnant women with recurrent simple UTIs. Secondary outcomes were to determine the percentage that were serious, consequential or incidental findings. METHODS: A full literature search was performed of the following databases: MEDLINE; Pubmed; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials-CENTRAL; and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two assessors reviewed the articles independently. Any discrepancy was discussed and an agreement reached. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 662 titles; 652 were excluded on initial review. A further 13 studies were gathered from references of yielded papers. After full review, 12 were included for analysis. These showed that < 1.5% of women investigated for recurrent simple UTIs with imaging or flexible cystoscopy had life-threatening pathology, but up to 67% had abnormal urodynamics. CONCLUSIONS: Women presenting with simple recurrent UTIs should have a flow rate and post-void residual measured. Cystoscopy is not warranted and imaging is unlikely to be of value in the absence of symptoms of upper tract disease or gynaecological problems.

Multifocal nephrogenic adenoma treated by intravesical sodium hyaluronate.

Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign urinary tract lesion. There are pediatric cases that have been managed with intravesical sodium hyaluronate, but there are no published adult cases. We present the first case of an adult successfully treated with intravesical sodium hyaluronate without resection. A 77-year-old man was investigated with cystoscopy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) unresponsive to medical therapy. This revealed multifocal flat black bladder lesions. Biopsy showed the lesions to be nephrogenic adenoma. His LUTS were treated with 6 weeks of intravesical sodium hyaluronate. He returned 6 weeks later for resection of his bladder lesions. However, resection was abandoned as the bladder lesions had entirely resolved. The resolution of the bladder lesions following intravesical sodium hyaluronate was unexpected but does agree with existing literature. The two reported pediatric cases also suggest that intravesical sodium hyaluronate is therapeutic for nephrogenic adenoma.