Contribution of syphilis to adverse pregnancy outcomes in people living with and without HIV in south Brazil: 2008-2018.

BACKGROUND: Syphilis co-infection among pregnant people living with HIV (PLH) may worsen pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the impact of syphilis co-infection on pregnancies in south Brazil. METHODS: Data was extracted from hospital records between 1/1/2008 -12/31/2018. Preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW < 2500 g), and a composite adverse infant outcome [AIO: HIV vertical transmission, loss to follow-up before HIV diagnosis (LTFU), stillbirth, congenital syphilis] were evaluated among pregnancies without HIV and syphilis (PWOH+S), PLH mono-infection, syphilis mono-infection (PLS), and PLH with syphilis (PLH + S). RESULTS: Among 48,685 deliveries where patients were tested for HIV and syphilis, 1,353 (2.8%) occurred in PLH; of these, 181 (13.4%) were HIV/syphilis co-infected (PLH + S). Among PLH, 2.4% of infants acquired HIV and 13.1% were LTFU. Among all PLS, 70.5% of infants acquired congenital syphilis. Across the cohort, 1.2% stillbirths/neonatal deaths occurred. 37.0% of PLH + S did not initiate ART versus 15.4% of PLH mono-infection (p < 0.001). 37.6% of PLH + S had VDRL titers > 1:16 compared to 21.7% of PLS only (p < 0.001). Among PLH, syphilis co-infection and unknown/high VDRL titers ( > 1:16) increased AIO risk more (aRR:3.96, 95%CI:3.33-4.70) compared to low VDRL titers ( < 1:8) (aRR:3.51, 95%CI:2.90-4.25). Unsuppressed viremia ( > 50 copies/mL) was associated with risk of PTB (aRR:1.43, 95%CI:1.07-1.92) and AIO (aRR:1.38, 95%CI:1.11-1.70) but not LBW. Lack of prenatal care was significant in predicting PTB and LBW in all PLH and PLS mono-infection. CONCLUSION: Syphilis co-infection worsens adverse infant outcomes in all women and compounds negative effects of HIV infection during pregnancy. Effective syphilis treatment and HIV VL suppression are paramount for optimal obstetric care.

Biosolids Treated as a Nutritional Alternative for in vitro Culture of Bowdichia Virgilioides Kunth.

The safe management of sewage waste is a current concern due to population growth and waste production. Biosolids, derived from sewage sludge treatment, are globally used as organic fertilizers, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 6 for resource recycling. However, biosafety concerns arise due to the presence of metals and microplastics in biosolids, potentially impacting soil and water. This study investigated biosolids' use for in vitro cultivation of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. Results indicate that while biosolids can replace traditional nutritional media, balancing their concentration is crucial for optimizing plant growth. The WPM (Wood Plat Medium) remains essential for in vitro cultivation, but substituting it with biosolids at concentrations of up to 2 g L- 1 is feasible, providing similar plant development compared to the WPM medium. However, when combined, there is a complex and challenging interaction between biosolids and the culture medium.

Cultura de segurança do paciente: percepção de profissionais atuantes no centro cirúrgico / Patient safety culture: perception of professionals working in the surgical center

Objetivo: Avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente em um centro cirúrgico de um hospitalpúblico federal. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório, com corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, por meio do questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, que reúne o maior número de critérios psicométricos específicos sobre a cultura de segurança do paciente. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 55 profissionais, a maioria técnicos de Enfermagem em contato direto com o paciente. As dimensões "aprendizagem organizacional/melhoria continuada" e "apoio da gerência do hospital para a segurança do paciente" obtiveram maiores taxas de respostas positivas, consideradas dimensões de fortaleza para a cultura de segurança. Entretanto, dez dimensões não atingiram o nível de fortaleza da cultura de segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Mediante a análise das dimensões, evidenciou-se uma cultura de segurança do paciente ainda frágil na instituição, com destaque importante para o apoio da gerência hospitalar e a aprendizagem organizacional, que impactam diretamente na percepção dos profissionais sobre esse tema. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the patient safety culture in a surgical center of a federal public hospital. Method: This is an exploratory descriptive study, with a cross-section and a quantitative approach. Data collection took place between December 2019 and February 2020, using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, which gathers the largest number of specific psychometric criteria on patient safety culture. Results: A total of 55 professionals participated in the research, most of them nursing technicians in direct contact with the patient. The dimensions "organizational learning/continuous improvement" and "hospital management support for patient safety" obtained higher rates of positive responses, considered dimensions of strength for the safety culture. However, ten dimensions did not reach the strength level of patient safety culture. Conclusions: Through the analysis of the dimensions, we evidenced a still fragile patient safety culture in the institution, with particular emphasis on hospital management support and orga-nizational learning, which directly impact the professionals' perception of this topic. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente en un centro quirúrgico de un hospital público federal. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo exploratorio, de enfoque transversal y cuantitativo. La recogida de datos se realizó entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020, mediante el cues-tionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, que reúne el mayor número de criterios psicométricos específicos sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente. Resultados: Participaron de la investigación 55 profesionales, la mayoría técnicos de enfermería en contacto directo con el paciente. Las dimensiones "apren-dizaje organizacional/mejora continua" y "apoyo de la gestión hospitalaria a la seguridad del paciente" obtuvieron mayores índices de respuestas positivas, consideradas dimensiones de fortaleza para la cultura de seguridad. Sin embargo, diez dimensiones no alcanzaron el nivel de fortaleza de la cultura de segu-ridad del paciente. Conclusión: A través del análisis de las dimensiones, la cultura de seguridad del paciente aún era frágil en la institución, con importante énfasis en el apoyo a la gestión hospitalaria y al aprendizaje organizacional, que impactan directamente en la percepción de los profesionales sobre este tema. (AU)

Posicionamento cirúrgico: uma atualização das evidências científicas para intervenções de enfermagem / Surgical positioning: an update scientific evidence for interventions of nurs / Posicionamiento quirúrgico: una actualización de la evidencia científica para intervenciones de enfermería

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre as evidências relacionadas às intervenções de Enfermagem durante o posicionamento cirúrgico do paciente. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em fevereiro de 2021 por meio de consulta às bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, BDEnf e LILACS para responder ao questionamento: "Quais as evidências disponíveis sobre as intervenções de enfermagem durante o posicionamento cirúrgico do paciente adulto?" Resultados: Após busca e análise, nove artigos contemplaram o objetivo da pesquisa e compuseram a amostra final. Foi possível constatar uma variedade de intervenções, com predomínio de avaliação de fatores preexistentes e externos, uso de escalas de avaliação de risco, superfícies de suporte e uso de curativos profiláticos. Conclusão: Foi possível atualizar as evidências científicas quanto à aplicação das intervenções direcionadas ao posicionamento cirúrgico. O uso de ELPO, SAEP e Scott-Triggers é o mais eficaz, bem como a avaliação do paciente previamente associada à utilização de escalas/instrumentos, permitindo resultados positivos e diminuição das complicações associadas à posição cirúrgica. Faz-se necessário realizar novas pesquisas com maiores níveis de evidência científica, visando qualificar a assistência de Enfermagem.

Objective: To carry out an integrative review on the evidence related to Nursing interventions during the surgical positioning of the patient. Method: Integrative literature review carried out in February 2021 by consulting the MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, BDEnf, and LILACS databases to answer the question: "What evidence is available on nursing interventions during surgical positioning of the adult patient?" Results: After search and analysis, nine articles contemplated the research objective and composed the final sample. It was possible to verify a variety of interventions, with a predominance of evaluation of preexisting and external factors, use of risk assessment scales, support surfaces, and use of prophylactic dressings. Conclusions: It was possible to update the scientific evidence regarding the application of interventions aimed at surgical positioning. The use of ELPO, SAEP, and Scott-Triggers is the most effective, as the patient's assessment previously associated with the use of scales/instruments, allowing positive results and reduction of complications associated with the surgical position. It is necessary to carry out new research with higher levels of scientific evidence, aiming to qualify nursing care.

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión integradora sobre la evidencia relacionada con las intervenciones de enfermería durante el posicionamiento quirúrgico del paciente. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en febrero de 2021 en las bases de datos MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, BDEnf y LILACS para responder a la pregunta: "¿Qué evidencia está disponible sobre las intervenciones de enfermería durante el posicionamiento quirúrgico de pacientes adultos?" Resultados: Luego de la búsqueda y análisis, 9 artículos cubrieron el objetivo de la investigación y conformaron la muestra final. Fue posible verificar una variedad de intervenciones con predominio de la evaluación de factores preexistentes y externos, uso de escalas de evaluación de riesgo, superficies de apoyo y el uso de apósitos profilácticos. Conclusión: Fue posible actualizar la evidencia científica en cuanto a la aplicación de intervenciones dirigidas al posicionamiento quirúrgico. El uso de ELPO, SAEP y Scott-Triggers son los más efectivos, así como la evaluación del paciente previamente asociado al uso de escalas/instrumentos, permitiendo resultados positivos y reducción de complicaciones asociadas a la posición quirúrgica. Es necesario realizar nuevas investigaciones con mayores niveles de evidencia científica, con el objetivo de calificar el cuidado de enfermería.

Effect of Salicylic Acid, 2,4-D and 2i-P on the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. Callus

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Salicylic acid, 2,4-D and 2-iP on the production of total phenolic and flavonoids as well in the levels of fukugetin and 7-epiclusianone in callus of Garcinia brasiliensis zygotic embryos. For this, Bacupari callus were exposed to different concentrations (0.0; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 µM) of Salicylic acid (SA) in the presence or in the absence of 72 μM 2-iP and 28.73 μM 2,4-D. The highest concentration of total phenolic occurred in the treatment with 100 μM SA in callus subcultured in the absence of 2,4-D and 2-iP, and with 10 μM SA in callus subcultured in the presence of these regulators. Concerning flavonoids, 2,4-D and 2-iP supplementation without the presence of the SA was sufficient for the highest levels. Additionally, it was possible to identify the fukugetin and 7-epiclusianone. However, the variation in the levels was very high, especially for the fukugetin. Therefore, in most treatments, there was no statistically difference. Except for the treatment with 10 μM SA + 2,4-D and 2-iP, where there was a significant increase in 7-epiclusianone.

Gestação e HIV: Preditores da Adesão ao Tratamento no Contexto do Pré-natal / Pregnancy and HIV: Predictors of Treatment Adherence in the Context of Antenatal Care

Este estudo avaliou adesão ao tratamento em gestantes vivendo com HIV. Foram entrevistadas 89 gestantes com HIV, no último trimestre gestacional, que forneceram informações sobre dados sociodemográficos, apoio social, pré-natal e tratamento, além de exames laboratoriais. Constatou-se que 51,7% das gestantes aderiam à medicação. Essas gestantes eram mais escolarizadas, começaram o pré-natal antes, realizaram mais consultas e referiram maior apoio emocional. No modelo de regressão logística, o número de consultas realizadas e a presença de maior apoio emocional foram preditores da adesão. Adesão em gestantes vivendo com HIV ainda é um desafio, mesmo quando há acesso e disponibilidade de tratamento. Início precoce do pré-natal e fortalecimento da rede de apoio social são cruciais para a promoção da adesão em gestantes.

This study evaluated treatment adherence of pregnant mothers living with HIV. Eighty-nine HIV-positive pregnant mothers who were in the last trimester of pregnancy were interviewed about sociodemographic data, prenatal care, and social support. They also took laboratory tests. Results showed that 51.7% of pregnant mothers were adherent. These women were more educated, began prenatal earlier, had more visits and higher scores of emotional support. In the logistic regression model, number of prenatal visits and emotional support were predictors of adherence. Adherence of pregnant mothers living with HIV is a challenge, even when access to care and treatment are available. Beginning the prenatal care early and strengthening the social support network are crucial factors for promoting adherence among HIV pregnant mothers.

Growth curve, biochemical profile and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari

Garcinia brasiliensis, popularly known as Bacupari, is native to the Amazon and commonly used in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This plant is rich in bioactive compounds like benzophenones. However, there are no works about the in vitro establishment and achievement of secondary metabolites in this plant. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the growth curve and to perform the biochemical and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari. The growth curve of calli followed a sigmoidal pattern, with four distinct phases (lag, exponential, linear, deceleration). Total soluble sugars were higher on the inoculation day and the reducing sugars on the 20 th day. Amino acids increased from the 60 th day up to the stabilization on the 120 th day. The protein content varied, but it seemed to be related to the amino acids metabolism. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli and the HPLC analysis allowed the identification of Fukugetin, Guttiferone A and 7-epiclusianone.

Immune restoration in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of hepatitis C virus on immunological and virological responses after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients compared to monoinfected human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. METHODS: The study enrolled 65 human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected subjects who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy and attended follow-up visits over 48 weeks from 2008 to 2010. They were grouped based on hepatitis C virus-RNA results. Virological and immunological responses were monitored at baseline and at the end of weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48. RESULTS: There were 35 human immunodeficiency virus monoinfected and 30 human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. In the present study human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection did not seem to influence CD4 Tlymphocytes recovery. There was no difference between the curves of CD4 T-lymphocytes raise of coinfected and monoinfected groups. CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirms that hepatitis C virus infection does not seem to be associated with impaired CD4 T-lymphocytes recovery after HAART.