Long-Term Results of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Treated with the Modified Dunn Procedure in a Colombian Cohort.

BACKGROUD: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a severe and catastrophic disorder that affects the hips of adolescents. Many reports about surgical procedures to treat this condition have been published, but to our knowledge, there are no published results of treatment in Latin American patients. This study describes the clinical and radiological results of the modified Dunn procedure with the surgical approach described by Ganz to treat mild to severe SCFE in a cohort of Colombian pediatric patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients (22 hips) with SCFE treated with surgical dislocation of the hip from 2005 to 2017. The same pediatric orthopedic surgeon performed all operations. Clinical outcome was assessed using the range of movement and Merle d'Aubigné score, while radiological measurements and assessment included the slip angle and Tönnis score. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 29 months (range, 12-72 months). Of all cases, 17 presented with acute-on-chronic symptoms. Preoperatively, all 22 hips were classified as poor according to the Merle d'Aubigné score. Preoperative radiological classification showed compromise grade II or III in 20 hips. Last follow-up Merle d'Aubigné score rated 17 cases as good or excellent (p < 0.05). The postoperative radiological classification was grade I or II in all 22 cases, and the Tönnis score was stage II in 3 cases and stage III in 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the modified Dunn osteotomy performed through the Ganz technique could be safely and effectively used to treat patients with mild to severe SCFE.

Limitation of Knee Flexion by a Fibrotic Band of a Fifth Component of the Quadriceps Muscle in a Child: A Case Report.

CASE: We describe the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with limited flexion in the left knee. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging allowed visualization of a fibrotic muscle band in the anatomic position of the fifth component of the quadriceps muscle, which was confirmed by surgical findings. After surgical resection, the patient achieved full recovery of range of motion of the knee. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a fibrotic muscle band in the anatomic position of a previously described fifth accessory component of the quadriceps muscle that caused limited knee flexion in a child.

Reinforced Portland cement porous scaffolds for load-bearing bone tissue engineering applications.

Modified Portland cement porous scaffolds with suitable characteristics for load-bearing bone tissue engineering applications were manufactured by combining the particulate leaching and foaming methods. Non-crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane was evaluated as a potential reinforcing material. The scaffolds presented average porosities between 70 and 80% with mean pore sizes ranging from 300 µm up to 5.0 mm. Non-reinforced scaffolds presented compressive strengths and elastic modulus values of 2.6 and 245 MPa, respectively, whereas reinforced scaffolds exhibited 4.2 and 443 MPa, respectively, an increase of ∼62 and 80%. Portland cement scaffolds supported human osteoblast-like cell adhesion, spreading, and propagation (t = 1-28 days). Cell metabolism and alkaline phosphatase activity were found to be enhanced at longer culture intervals (t ≥ 14 days). These results suggest the possibility of obtaining strong and biocompatible scaffolds for bone repair applications from inexpensive, yet technologically advanced materials such as Portland cement.

Housekeeping gene stability influences the quantification of osteogenic markers during stem cell differentiation to the osteogenic lineage.

Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) relies on a housekeeping or normalizer gene whose expression remains constant throughout the experiment. RT-qPCR is commonly used for characterization of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies validating the expression stability of the genes used as normalizers during hBMSCs differentiation. This work aimed to study the stability of the housekeeping genes beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ribosomal protein L13A (RPL13A) during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Their stability was evaluated via RT-qPCR in 14 and 20 day differentiation assays to the osteogenic lineage. Different normalization strategies were evaluated to quantify the osteogenic markers collagen type I, bone sialoprotein and osteonectin. Cell differentiation was confirmed via alizarin red staining. The results demonstrated up-regulation of beta-actin with maximum fold changes (MFC) of 4.38. GAPDH and RPL13A were not regulated by osteogenic media after 14 days and presented average fold changes lower than 2 in 20 day cultures. RPL13A (MFC < 2) had a greater stability when normalizing as a function of culture time compared with GAPDH (MFC

Early clinical and radiological outcomes after double osteotomy in patients with late presentation Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

PURPOSE: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Although many surgical approaches to treat the late presentation of this pathology have been proposed, there are few reports about the early results of the double osteotomy procedure (femoral varus osteotomy combined with Salter innominate osteotomy). The purpose of this study was to describe the early results obtained with the double osteotomy in patients with late presentation of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional evaluation of ten patients intervened with double osteotomy. There were seven males and three females with a mean age of 9.2 +/- 1.7 years [standard deviation (SD)]. The average post-surgical time of evaluation was of 46.5 +/- 26.2 months. RESULTS: Of the ten evaluated patients, four had a Catterall III and six had a Catterall IV disease. According to Herring classification, three patients were Herring B and seven were Herring C. The epiphyseal extrusion average before and after the surgical procedure was 19.3 +/- 12.4 and 12.1 +/- 14.9%, respectively. In accordance with the Ratliff classification and Lloyd Roberts radiological results, the following were the postoperative clinical results: four good, five fair and one poor. Based on the Stulberg classification, there was one patient in class I, five in class II, three in class III and one in class IV. CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment for late Perthes disease with the best expected outcome is still a challenge. According to the resultsreported here, the double osteotomy could be considered as an alternative to treat this entity.

Técnica de luxación quirúrgica de la cadera para el deslizamiento epifisario femoral proximal: resultado radiológico posquirúrgico inmediato / Surgical dislocation of the hip for slipped capital femoral. Immediate postsurgery radiologic results

Introducción: el deslizamiento epifisario femoral (DEF) ocurre usualmente en el adolescente, predominantemente en hombres. Se caracteriza por pérdida de la relación de la epífisis femoral con su cuello generando un cuadro clínico de dolor en la región inguinal o en la rodilla, asociado a acortamiento con rotación externa del miembro afetado. El tratamiento quirúrgico busca la reducción anatómica y estable de la cabeza femoral, así como la disminución del riesgo de necrosis avascular de la cabeza femoral, reducción incompleta de la epífisis femoral y artrosis de la cadera. Materiales y métodos: se describe la técnica quirúrgica y los resultados radiológicos posquirúrgicos inmediatos de 5 casos de pacientes con DEF operados por el mismo cirujano ortopedista infantil mediante luxación quirúrgica de la cadera y reducción abierta anatómica. Resultados: se evaluaron cuatro hombres y una mujer con edad promedio de 14,2 y 2,6 años, diagnosticados con DEF moderada a severa según la clasificación radiológica. De acuerdo al criterio clínico 2 pacientes presentaron DEF moderada a crónico. La cadera derecha se encontraba afectada en 3 pacientes . En la evaluación radiológica, todos los pacientes presentaron reducción anatómica de la epífisis femoral. Discusión: el seguimiento de largo plazo en este grupo de pacientes es mandatorio, pero de acuerdo a los resultados rediológicos posquirúrgicos inmediatos aquí reportados y el cuidado en la preservación de la vascularización esta técnica podría ser una alternativa para el tratamiento de DEF dado que restituye la anatomía y protege el aporte vascular a la epífisis.