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OBJECTIVE: To compare second generation drug eluting stents (2DES) with first generation (1DES) for the treatment of patients (pts) with multiple coronary vessel disease (MVD). BACKGROUND: Although 2DES improved safety and efficacy compared to 1DES, MVD remains a challenge for percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS: ERACI IV was a prospective, observational, and controlled study in pts with MVD including left main and treated with 2DES (Firebird 2, Microport). We included 225 pts in 15 sites from Argentina. Primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and unplanned revascularization; and to compare with 225 pts from ERACI III study (1DES). PCI strategy was planned to treat lesions ≥70% in vessels ≥ 2.00 mm, introducing a modified Syntax score (SS) where severe lesions in vessels < 2.0 mm and intermediate lesions were not scored. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics showed that compared to ERACI III, ERACI IV pts had higher number of diabetics (P = 0.02), previous revascularization (P = 0.007), unstable angina IIb/IIIc (P < 0.001) and three vessels/left main disease (P = 0.003). Modified SS was 22.2 ± 11. At 2 years of follow-up ERACI IV group had significantly lower incidence of death+ MI + CVA, (P = 0.01) and MACCE (P = 0.001). MACCE rate was similar in diabetics, (5.8%) and nondiabetics (7.0%). After performing a matched propensity score, MACCE remain significantly lower in ERACI IV (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This registry showed that 2DES in MVD has a remarkable low incidence of MACCE in unadjusted and adjusted analysis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Estenose Coronária/terapia , Stents Farmacológicos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Desenho de Prótese , Idoso , Argentina , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Coronária/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Pontuação de Propensão , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is an attractive therapeutic approach in patients with mitral stenosis. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and long-term clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic outcomes of PMV in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PAH). METHODS: Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty was performed in 157 consecutive patients; 60 patients (38.2%) had significant PAH defined as baseline pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP) ≥ 30mm Hg (Group 1) and 97 patients (61.8%) had PAMP ≤ 30mmHg (Group 2). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), mortality, need for mitral valve replacement or new PMV, and valve restenosis were evaluated during follow-up. RESULTS: Mean age was 44.2 years and 88.5% (139 patients) were women. Primary success was achieved in 79.6% of the patients (125 patients) without differences between the groups. Mitral valve area increased from 0.90cm2 to 1.76cm2, PASP fell from 57mmHg to 35mmHg in Group 1 and from 38mmHg to 30mmHg in Group 2. Median PASP in Group 1 was 35, 32, 36, 38 and 34mmHg at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. There were no significant differences in mitral valve area, PASP and clinical status between the groups. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of patients with mitral stenosis and PAH. A significant decrease in pulmonary pressure was observed after valvuloplasty. Although there was a gradual decrease of MVA at long-term follow-up, most patients remained asymptomatic and PASP was stable.
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Valvuloplastia com Balão , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In acute coronary syndromes inflammatory process plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque instability. Our aim was to evaluate the presence and distribution of vulnerable plaques and inflammatory infiltrates in patients who died of acute myocardial infarction in comparison to patients who died of non-coronary heart disease. We analyzed pathologic studies of the heart of 68 patients who died of acute myocardial infarction and 15 patients who died of non-coronary heart disease. The presence of thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, endothelial rupture and inflammatory infiltrates were registered. In patients who died of myocardial infarction, we found thrombus in 73.5% of the involved arteries and in 28.7% of the non involved (p < 0.0001). Intraplaque hemorrhage was found in 70.5% of involved arteries and in 39.7% of the non involved (p < 0.0001); endothelial rupture in 29.4% of involved arteries and in 3.7% of non involved arteries (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the presence of inflammatory infiltrates (76.5% versus 68.4%). Comparing with patients who have died of non-coronary heart disease, the presence of thrombus was significantly higher (73.5% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.0001), as well as the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (70.5% vs. 0%; p < 0.0001) and of inflammatory infiltrates in atherosclerotic plaques (76.5% vs. 46.6%; p = 0.021). In patients who died of acute myocardial infarction we observed plaque instability and inflammatory activity, not only in the infarct related artery but also in the non involved arteries.
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Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Autopsia , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Ruptura EspontâneaRESUMO
[RESUMEN]. La disección arterial coronaria espontánea es una causa frecuente de eventos coronarios agudos, mayoritariamente en mujeres. Dicha entidad no guarda relación con los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares tradicionales y frecuentemente se encuentra subdiagnosticada. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven que se presenta con un síndrome coronario agudo.
[ABSTRACT]. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a common cause of acute coronary events, most often seen in women. This entity is not related to traditional cardiovascular risk factors and is frequently underdiagnosed. We present the case of a young patient who presents with an acute coronary syndrome.
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Dissecção Aórtica , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Síndrome Coronariana AgudaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is an effective treatment for patients with mitral valve stenosis. Echocardiographic score (ES) is a useful predictor of outcomes. However, mitral valve calcification (MVC) has been shown to predict immediate results even in patients with otherwise low ES. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of MVC assessment as a predictor of immediate and long-term outcomes after PMV. METHODS: PMV was performed in 168 consecutive patients. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed. Patients were classified into 2 groups: group 1: minimal MVC and group 2: moderate to severe MVC. Primary success was defined as post-PMV mitral valve area (MVA) ≥ 1.5 cm2 in the absence of major complications. Restenosis (RE) was defined as a decrease in MVA >50% of initial gain or a final MVA <1.5 cm2. RESULTS: Mean age was 46.5 ± 11 years, and 86.9% (146) were women. Forty-two patients (25%) had mild MVC (group 1), and 75% of the patients had moderate to severe MVC (group 2). Procedural success was achieved in 95.2% and 76.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively, p = 0.01. MVA after PMV was 1.82 cm2 (IQR 25-75 = 1.60-2.00) in group 1 and 1.67 cm2 (IQR 25-75 = 1.44-1.97) in group 2, p = 0.02. After 48 months, 28.2% of patients presented RE. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of MVC as an independent predictor of poor immediate results (HR = 0.12, 95% IC 0.03-0.91) and RE (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.02-5.21). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the presence of MVC may predict immediate and long-term outcomes after PMV.
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Valvuloplastia com Balão , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Mitral/terapia , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is an effective method for treating patients with severe mitral stenosis. The study aim was to compare left and right atrial appendage functions before and after PMV. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (23 women, two men; mean age 38 +/- 9 years; range: 21-57 years) with severe mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm who underwent PMV were included in the study. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed before and at six months after PMV, to evaluate the intensity of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), left atrial appendage (LAA) dimensions and function, and right atrial appendage (RAA) function. RESULTS: After PMV, the SEC (at TEE) was decreased in all patients, while increases were observed in the contraction and relaxation velocity flows of the LAA (pre-PMV 18 +/- 5 cm/s; post-PMV 24 +/- 9 cm/s; p < 0.001 and pre-PMV 25.5 +/- 10.2 cm/s; post-PMV 32.9 +/- 12.6 cm/s; p < 0.006, respectively). The tissue myocardial velocities were also increased in the LAA (pre-PMV 6.92 +/- 3.77 cm/s; post-PMV 11.16 +/- 6.61 cm/s; p < 0.002) and RAA (pre-PMV 16.2 +/- 3.7 cm/s; post-PMV 19.1 +/- 4.1 cm/s; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm, improvements were noted in the left atrial, LAA and RAA systolic functions after PMV. This suggests that the relief of mitral stenosis may not only confer hemodynamic benefits to improve symptoms but also have a favorable influence on future thromboembolic complications. Thus, an early intervention might benefit patients with sinus rhythm by preventing the development of atrial fibrillation and systemic and pulmonary embolism.
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Função do Átrio Esquerdo/fisiologia , Função do Átrio Direito/fisiologia , Cateterismo , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/terapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Ecocardiografia Doppler de Pulso , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Pressão Propulsora Pulmonar/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Los conocimientos están en permanente crecimiento y evolución, mantenerse actualizado es una necesidad. En esta oportunidad presentamos el relanzamiento de nuestra Revista , que desde el año 2008 ofrece el acceso a 157 artículos distribuidos en 31 fascículos. Aprovechamos este relanzamiento para revitalizar el intercambio de conocimientos, innovación y experiencia de los últimos años. Las revistas médicas son un pilar vital de la comunidad sanitaria. Son los conductos a través de los cuales los últimos hallazgos de las investigaciones, los descubrimientos innovadores y los últimos conocimientos llegan a los profesionales. La Revista proporciona el medio para que los profesionales de la salud, los investigadores, y los responsables de la formulación de políticas compartan sus conocimientos y experiencia, facilitando el aprendizaje y el crecimiento colectivo. Nuestra Revista Hospital El Cruce relanzada es un testimonio de nuestra dedicación duradera a la excelencia en el trabajo en el Hospital en red El Cruce Néstor Kirchner. Nuestro equipo editorial continuará manteniendo los más altos niveles de revisión por pares y ética de publicación para garantizar que la investigación que presentamos no solo sea rigurosa sino también relevante.
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Gestão do Conhecimento , Argentina , Hospitais PúblicosRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar y describir la prevalencia de variantes anatómicas arteriales hepáticas observadas en una serie multicéntrica de pacientes con patologías hepatobiliares. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de anatomía arterial según la clasificación de Michels de angiografías digitales y tomografías computadas helicoidales abdominales realizadas entre febrero de 2009 y diciembre de 2020 en tres hospitales del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Resultados: Se incluyeron 275 pacientes en el estudio. Edad mediana 58,5 años. Sexo masculino 73,1%. Variante anatómica tipo 1 (normal) de la arteria hepática en 192 casos (69.8%); tipo 2 en 18 casos (6.5%); tipo 3 en 19 casos (6.9%); tipo 4 en 7 casos (2.5%); tipo 5 en 4 casos (1.5%); tipo 6 en 3 casos (1.1%); tipo 7 en 2 casos (0.7%); tipo 8 en 7 casos (2.5%); tipo 9 en 17 casos (6.2%) y otros tipos fuera de la clasificación de Michels en 6 casos (2.2%). También hallamos la presentación de 3 casos (1.1%) con arco de Bühler. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie se observaron variantes anatómicas no clásicas de la arteria hepática aproximadamente en un tercio de los casos. El conocimiento de las variantes anatómicas fue esencial para los procedimientos radiológicos y quirúrgicos en el tratamiento de tumores hepáticos, determinando la técnica de abordaje de las arterias involucradas.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate and describe the prevalence of hepatic artery anatomical variants observed in a multicenter series of patients with hepatobiliary pathologies. Method: Retrospective study of arterial anatomy according to Michels classification of digital angiographies and abdominal helical computed tomography performed between February 2009 and December 2020 in three hospitals of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. Results: 275 patients were included in the study. Median age 58.5 years. Male sex 73.1%. Type 1 (normal) variant of hepatic artery anatomy in 192 cases (69.8%); type 2 in 18 cases (6.5%); type 3 in 19 cases (6.9%); type 4 in 7 cases (2.5%); type 5 in 4 cases (1.5%); type 6 in 3 cases (1.1%); type 7 in 2 cases (0.7%); type 8 in 7 cases (2.5%); type 9 in 17 cases (6.2%), and other types out Michels classification in 6 cases (2.2%). We also found 3 cases (1.1%) with Bühler's arch. Conclusions: In our series, non-classical anatomical variants of the hepatic artery were observed in approximately one third of cases. Knowledge of anatomical variants was essential for radiological and surgical procedures in the treatment of liver tumors, determining the approach technique of the arteries involved.
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[RESUMEN]: La reserva fraccional de flujo coronario o FFR es en la actualidad el estándar de oro para evaluar la gravedad de las estenosis coronarias. A pesar de evidencias indiscutibles la adopción en la práctica diaria ha sido muy limitada debido a diferentes motivos. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías como el FFR derivado del angiograma coronario o vFFR, un nuevo método basado en imágenes para calcular el FFR sin una cuerda de presión coronaria o un agente hiperémico, ayudaría a incrementar el uso de la fisiología coronaria en las salas de homodinamia. Aquí presentamos 4 casos de la primera experiencia con vFFR realizada en el Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce - SAMIC - Dr. Néstor C. Kirchner.
[ABSTRACT]: Fractional flow reserve or FFR is currently the gold standard for assessing the severity of coronary stenosis. Despite indisputable evidence, adoption in daily practice has been very limited due to different reasons. The development of new technologies such as the FFR derived from coronary angiogram or vFFR, a new image-based method to calculate the FFR without a coronary pressure guidewire or a hyperemic agent, would help increase the use of coronary physiology in hemodynamic rooms. We present 4 cases from the first experience with vFFR carried out at the Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce - SAMIC - Dr. Néstor C. Kirchner.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Angiografia Coronária , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo MiocárdicoRESUMO
Abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm (AAP) is a rare lesion, although traumatic aortic injury is described as one of the main causes; both the rupture as the surgical treatment of the defect has high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, endovascular treatment either by chemical embolization or exclusion of defect with devices has emerged as an alternative treatment. However, there are risks such as occlusion of visceral vessels near the neck of the defect, embolization material or aortic rupture. Therefore, the choice of material and method of approach should be planned carefully in each case. We report a patient who ten years after abdominal wound firearm was diagnosed with AAP 17 x 13 cm, with short neck originated close to the ostium of the celiac trunk at an acute angle with the aortic axis. We perform the exclusion of the defect with a device designed for closing atrial septal defect from the left brachial access due to the angulation of the neck defect. There were no complications. At 72 hours was granted discharge. A month later, CT scan control showed the false aneurysm of equal size and no residual flow. The monitoring to date is five months and the patient remained asymptomatic.
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Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Aorta Abdominal/lesões , Doenças da Aorta/cirurgia , Adulto , Artéria Braquial , Feminino , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodosRESUMO
Introducción El tratamiento de la estenosis mitral ha cambiado en las últimas décadas. Se ha demostrado que, frente al tratamiento quirúrgico, la valvuloplastia mitral percutánea (VMP) presenta resultados hemodinámicos comparables y una evolución similar. Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia y la evolución clínica y ecocardiográfica inmediata y a largo plazo de la VMP. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 132 pacientes que habían sido sometidos a VMP, con una mediana de seguimiento de 48 meses. Se consideró éxito primario cuando se obtuvo un área pos-VMP ≥ 1,5 cm². En el seguimiento se evaluaron: muerte, necesidad de reemplazo valvular mitral o de nueva VMP y reestenosis valvular. Resultados La media de edad fue de 44,6 años; el 88,5% de los pacientes (n = 115) eran de sexo femenino. La mediana del área valvular mitral pre-VMP era de 0,90 cm² (IIC 25-75: 0,81-1,00), la presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar era de 44 mm Hg (IIC 25-75: 35-52) y el puntaje ecocardiográfico, de 7 (IIC 25-75: 6-9). Se obtuvo éxito primario en 104 pacientes (78,8%). En el seguimiento a 4 años, el 86,5% de los pacientes (n = 109) se encontraban asintomáticos. Se registraron tres muertes intrahospitalarias (2,2%) y tres en el seguimiento (2,2%). Se realizó una nueva VMP en 10 pacientes y reemplazo valvular mitral en cuatro. Las variables asociadas con reestenosis en el seguimiento fueron el puntaje ecocardiográfico > 8 (p = 0,04) y el área valvular mitral pos-VMP < 1,8 cm² (p = 0,02). Luego del análisis multivariado, el área valvular mitral pos-VMP < 1,8 cm² fue el único predictor de reestenosis (OR: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,08-6,25). Conclusiones La VMP es segura y eficaz, eficacia que se mantiene a largo plazo. Los mejores resultados inmediatos se obtienen en pacientes con puntaje ecocardiográfico bajo y en ritmo sinusal, mientras que aquellos con un área valvular mitral mayor pos-VMP son los que presentan menor reestenosis en el seguimiento.
Background The treatment of mitral valve stenosis has changed over the last decades. The hemodynamic results and the outcome of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) have proved to be comparable to those of surgical treatment. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and the immediate and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcome of PMV. Methods A total of 132 patients undergoing PMV were included, with a median follow-up of 48 months. The primary success was defined as a mitral valve area of ≥ 1.5 cm² following PMV. Mortality, need for mitral valve replacement or new PMV and mitral valve restenosis were evaluated during follow-up. Results Mean age was 44.6 years; 88.5% of patients (n=115) were women. Median mitral valve area before PMV was 0.90 cm² (IQR 25-75: 0.81-1.00), systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 44 mm Hg (IQR 25-75: 35-52) and the echocardiographic score was 7 (IQR 25-75: 6-9). Primary success was achieved in 104 patients (78.8%). After four years of follow-up, 86.5% of patients (n=109) were free of symptoms. Three patients (2.2%) died during hospitalization and three (2.2%) during follow-up. A new PMV was performed in 10 patients and four patients underwent mitral valve replacement. During follow-up, an echocardiographic score of >8 (p=0.04) and a mitral valve area following PMV of 2 (p=0.02) were the variables associated with restenosis. After performing multivariate analysis, the only predictor associated with restenosis following PMV was a mitral valve area 2 (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.08-6.25). Conclusions Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty is a safe and efficient method with long-term efficacy. The best outcomes are achieved in patients with low echocardiographic score and who are in sinus rhythm, and those with greater mitral valve area following PMV have lower restenosis during follow-up.
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Introducción En el Registro CONAREC V, de 1996, se recopilaron los resultados obtenidos con angioplastia transluminal coronaria (ATC) y posteriormente, durante 2005, se recabaron datos con similar metodología generándose el Registro CONAREC XIV. Desde entonces no se cuenta con datos nacionales generales en relación con la revascularización coronaria percutánea, por lo que la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología, en conjunto con el CACI, la FAC y el CONAREC, implementó el Registro Argentino de Angioplastia Coronaria (RAdAC). Objetivo Evaluar a escala nacional los resultados intrahospitalarios y la morbimortalidad de pacientes sometidos a ATC según los distintos escenarios clínicos. Material y métodos En un período de 7 meses se incluyeron 1.905 pacientes en forma prospectiva y consecutiva en 67 centros de la Argentina. Se analizaron factores de riesgo, antecedentes cardiovasculares y cuadro clínico. La ATC se consideró programada, de urgencia y de emergencia, y se estimó el número de vasos enfermos y la intención de vasos a tratar y la cantidad y tipo de stents convencionales (SC) y liberadores de droga (SLD);. Se analizó el empleo de aterectomía, Cutting Balloon®, tromboaspiración, ultrasonido intravascular (IVUS), antiagregantes y balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico (BCIA). El éxito angiográfico se definió como lesión residual < 20% y flujo normal (TIMI 3). Resultados La edad promedio fue de 63,8 años. Un total de 752 pacientes (39,5%) presentaban infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) y 834 pacientes (43,8%) angina inestable (AI). Se utilizó acceso femoral en el 92,8% de los casos. El 44,3% de las intervenciones fueron programadas, el 37,8%, de urgencia y el 17,9%, de emergencia. Se implantaron 2.753 stents (1,4 por paciente) con 33,2% de SLD. El éxito primario fue del 97% y la mortalidad global observada, del 1,6%; la asociada con infarto ascendió al 3,2% (con ST 4,3%, sin ST 1,7%), la de AI fue del 0,8% y la de angina crónica estable, del 0,3%. Las variables asociadas con el óbito fueron shock cardiogénico, necesidad de BCIA, Killip y Kimball 3-4, ATC de emergencia, ATC del tronco, mala función ventricular, insuficiencia renal o diabetes, mayor número de vasos enfermos, mayor edad y fracaso de la ATC. Conclusiones En nuestro medio, la mayoría de las ATC se realizan en síndromes coronarios agudos y casi exclusivamente por vía femoral, con éxito primario comparable a datos internacionales pero con menor utilización de SLD. El empleo de Rotablator®, Cutting Balloon®, tromboaspiración, IVUS y BCIA fue más bajo que el esperado, mientras que la edad, el shock cardiogénico, la emergencia y la ATC fallida resultaron factores asociados con mayor morbimortalidad.
Background Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) outcomes were compiled in the 1996 V CONAREC Registry, and in 2005, data collection was repeated using a similar methodology, giving rise to the XIV CONAREC Registry. As no general national PTCA results have been reported since, the Argentine Society of Cardiology, together with CACI, FAC and CONAREC carried out the Coronary Angioplasty Argentine Registry (RAdAC). Objective The aim of this Registry was to evaluate intrahospital outcome and morbi-mortality of patients submitted to PTCA according to different clinical scenarios. Methods One thousand nine hundred and five patients were prospectively and consecutively included in 67 centers of Argentina during a 7-month period. Cardiovascular risk factors and clinical history were analyzed. PTCA procedures were classified as: planned, urgent or emergent and the number of affected and intended-to-treat vessels, as well as the number and type of stents implanted bare metal (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES); were estimated. Use of atherectomy, Cutting Balloon?, thrombus aspiration, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), antiplatelet drugs and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was analyzed. Angiographic success was defined as residual lesion <20% and normal flow (TIMI 3). Results Mean age was 63.8 years. A total of 752 patients (39.5%) presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 834 patients (43.8%) with unstable angina (UA). Femoral access was used in 92.8% of the cases. Overall, 44.3% of the interventions were planned, 37.8% were urgent and 17.9% emergent. A total of 2753 stents were implanted (1.4 per patient), 33.2% of which were DES. The primary success rate was 97% and overall mortality 1.6%: 3.2% associated to AMI, (4.3% STEMI and 1.7% non-STEMI), 0.8% to UA and 0.3% to chronic stable angina. Death-associated variables were: cardiogenic shock, need of IAPB, Killip-Kimball class 3-4, emergency PTCA, left main PTCA, ventricular function impairment, renal failure or diabetes, number of affected vessels, age and PTCA failure. Conclusions In our setting, most PTCAs are performed in acute coronary syndromes, almost exclusively by femoral access, with primary success comparable to that of international reports, but employing less DES. Use of Rotablator, Cutting Balloon?, thrombus aspiration, IVUS and IABP implementation was lower than expected, while age, cardiogenic shock, emergency and PTCA failure were factors associated with increased morbi-mortality.
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Los procesos inflamatorios en los síndromes coronarios agudos juegan un rol importante en la inestabilidad de la placa ateroesclerótica. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la presencia y distribución de placas vulnerables e infiltrados inflamatorios en pacientes fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio y su comparación con los hallazgos en pacientes fallecidos por cuadros no coronarios. Se analizaron los estudios anatomopatológicos de corazón de 68 pacientes fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio y 15 fallecidos por causa no coronaria. Se registró la presencia de trombo, hemorragia intraplaca, ruptura endotelial e infiltrado inflamatorio. Al evaluar los pacientes fallecidos por IAM, encontramos trombo en 73.5% de las arterias responsables del IAM y en 28.7% de las no responsables (p < 0.0001). La hemorragia intraplaca se halló en el 70.5% de las arterias responsables y en 39.7% de las no responsables, p < 0.0001; ruptura endotelial en el 29.4% de las arterias responsables y en 3.7% de las no responsables, p < 0.0001. No encontramos diferencias en la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio (76.5% versus 68.4%). Comparando con los fallecidos por causas no coronarias, la presencia de trombo fue significativamente superior (73.5% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.0001), así como la de hemorragia intraplaca (70.5% vs. 0%; p < 0.0001) y de infiltrado inflamatorio en las placas ateroescleroticas (76.5% vs. 46.6%; p = 0.021). En los pacientes fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio se observa inestabilidad de placa y actividad inflamatoria, no sólo en la arteria responsable del infarto sino también en las arterias no responsables del infarto.
In acute coronary syndromes inflammatory process plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque instability. Our aim was to evaluate the presence and distribution of vulnerable plaques and inflammatory infiltrates in patients who died of acute myocardial infarction in comparison to patients who died of non-coronary heart disease. We analyzed pathologic studies of the heart of 68 patients who died of acute myocardial infarction and 15 patients who died of non-coronary heart disease. The presence of thrombus, intraplaque hemorrhage, endothelial rupture and inflammatory infiltrates were registered. In patients who died of myocardial infarction, we found thrombus in 73.5% of the involved arteries and in 28.7% of the non involved (p < 0.0001). Intraplaque hemorrhage was found in 70.5% of involved arteries and in 39.7% of the non involved (p < 0.0001); endothelial rupture in 29.4% of involved arteries and in 3.7% of non involved arteries (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the presence of inflammatory infiltrates (76.5% versus 68.4%). Comparing with patients whoo have died of non-coronary heart disease, the presence of thrombus was significantly higher (73.5% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.0001), as well as the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (70.5% vs. 0%; p < 0.0001) and of inflammatory infiltrates in atherosclerotic plaques (76.5% vs. 46.6%; p = 0.021). In patients who died of acute myocardial infarction we observed plaque instability and inflammatory activity, not only in the infarct related artery but also in the non involved arteries.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Autopsia , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Ruptura EspontâneaRESUMO
Introducción Uno de los inconvenientes en la utilización generalizada de la angioplastia primaria (ATCP) es el retraso en su aplicación. La mayoría de los datos actuales proceden de ensayos clínicos de otros países, en tanto que en nuestro medio existe poco conocimiento respecto de su aplicación en la práctica habitual. Objetivos Analizar los tiempos involucrados en cada etapa de la realización de una ATCP en un centro donde constituye el tratamiento de elección, como primer paso para un programa de optimización de los tiempos y determinar si la demora obedece a una situación vinculada al paciente o al sistema médico-asistencial. Material y métodos El presente es un estudio prospectivo observacional en pacientes con IAM de menos de 12 horas. Se consideró "tiempo paciente" desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el arribo al hospital y "tiempo médico-asistencial" desde la llegada al hospital hasta la insuflación del balón. Resultados Se realizó ATCP en 224 pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de IAM. Las medianas (percentiles 25-75) fueron "tiempo paciente": 60 minutos (40-150), "tiempo médico-asistencial": 93 minutos (72-128). Este último comprende: tiempo 1 (llegada al hospital-llamada al equipo de hemodinamia): 20 minutos (10-45), tiempo 2 (llamada al equipo de hemodinamia-ingreso en sala de hemodinamia): 38 minutos (23-52), tiempo 3 (ingreso en sala de hemodinamia-primer balón insuflado): 31 minutos (21-45). Conclusiones El "tiempo paciente" constituye menos de la mitad del tiempo total empleado. El "tiempo médico-asistencial" determina el mayor retraso al procedimiento; por lo tanto, inicialmente, el mayor énfasis debe dirigirse a corregir este último, dentro del cual el tiempo llamada-primer balón constituye un factor fundamental.
Introduction One of the inconveniences in the general utilization of primary angioplasty (PCTA) is the delay in its application. Most of present data come from clinical trials from other countries, whereas little is known about its application in the regular practice in our country. Objectives To analize the periods of time needed for each stage of a PCTA in a facility where the election treatment is used as a first step for a time-optimization program, and to determine if the delay is due to a situation related to the patient or to the healthcare system. Material and Methods This is a prospective observational study in patients with AMI of less than 12-hours since onset. The "patient time" was counted from the onset of the symptoms to the arrival in hospital, and the "medical care time" was determined from the arrival in hospital to the balloon inflation. Results PCTA was performed in 224 patients admitted with diagnosis of AMI. The median values (25th to 75th percentile) were "patient time": 60 minutes (40-150), "medical care time": 93 minutes (72-128). The "medical care time" includes: time 1 (arrival in hospital-call for the hemodynamics team): 20 minutes (10-45), time 2 (call for the hemodynamics team-admittance in hemodynamics room): 38 minutes (23-52), time 3 (admittance in hemodynamics roomirst inflated balloon): 31 minutes (21-45). Conclusions The "patient time" represents less than half the total time consumed. The "medical care time" determines the higher delay for the procedure; therefore, more emphasis should be placed in improving this time, within which the time for calling for the first balloon is a key factor.
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Introducción Estudios clínicos y anatomopatológicos sugieren que los procesos inflamatorios tienen un papel importante en la inestabilidad de la placa aterosclerótica, dado que en pacientes con síndromes coronarios agudos se observan infiltrados inflamatorios difusos en las arterias coronarias. Objetivos Evaluar y localizar la distribución de placas vulnerables e infiltrados inflamatorios en pacientes fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio. Material y métodos Mediante microscopia óptica se estudiaron las arterias coronarias de 58 pacientes fallecidos por infarto de miocardio. En las arterias coronarias relacionadas con el infarto y en las no relacionadas se registraron las siguientes variables: presencia de trombo, rotura de placa, hemorragia intraplaca y presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio. Resultados Al analizar las diferencias existentes entre las arterias responsables del infarto y en las no responsables se encontraron diferencias significativas con respecto a la presencia de trombo (69% versus 38%; p < 0,008) y de hemorragia intraplaca (69% versus 50%; p < 0,03). No se encontró una diferencia significativa entre la arteria responsable y la no responsable al evaluar la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio en las placas ateroscleróticas (77% versus 71%; p = ns). Conclusión En el infarto agudo de miocardio se comprobó la presencia de actividad inflamatoria que afectaba a más de un vaso, con compromiso de otras arterias además de la responsable del infarto. Se detectó también accidente agudo de placa en más de una arteria coronaria.
Background Data from clinical and histopathologic studies suggest that inflammation plays a key role in instability of atherosclerotic plaque as patients with acute coronary syndromes present diffuse inflammatory infiltrates in the coronary arteries. Objectives To assess and locate the distribution of vulnerable plaques and inflammatory infiltrates in patients who died of acute myocardial infarction. Material and Methods We examined the coronary arteries from 58 patients who died of myocardial infarction using light microscopy. The following variables were evaluated in culprit and non-culprit coronary arteries: presence of thrombus, plaque rupture, intraplaque hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltrate. Results The presence of thrombus and intraplaque hemorrhage was significantly greater in culprit coronary arteries compared to non-culprit vessels (69% versus 38%; p<0.008, and 69% versus 50%; p<0.03, respectively). There were no significant differences in the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in atherosclerotic plaques from culprit and non-culprit coronary arteries (77% versus 71%; p=ns). Conclusion Inflammatory activity was demonstrated in acute myocardial infarction affecting not only the infarct-related artery but also other coronary vessels. Plaque accident was also present in more than one coronary artery.
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Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de las características, los usos terapéuticos y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con IAM en los últimos 18 años en la República Argentina. Material y métodos: Se tomaron los datos de las encuestas SAC realizadas en el período 1987-2005, las cuales incluyeron 2.491 pacientes con IAM internados en unidades de cuidados intensivos de todo el país en los años 1987 (309 pacientes), 1991 (526 pacientes), 1996 (645 pacientes), 2000 (298 pacientes) y 2005 (515 pacientes). Resultados: Durante ese período se observó un incremento progresivo de la incidencia de IAM tipo no Q (16,7% en 1987 versus 39,8% en 2005; p de tendencia < 0,001 OR: 3,24). El intervalo de tiempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y la admisión varió significativamente (mediana 4,5 horas en 1987 versus 4 horas en 2005; p < 0,001) y el porcentaje de utilización global de fibrinolíticos, luego de incrementarse desde el 12,9% en 1987 hasta el 41,4% en 1996, decayó hasta el 22,5% en 2005. Concomitantemente, la ATC primaria se incrementó desde el 2,9% en 1987 hasta el 32,4% en 2005 (p < 0,0001). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria se mantiene sin cambios significativos (11,9% en 1987 versus 12,6% en 2005; p = 0,36), incluso en distintos subgrupos de riesgo, como edad mayor de 75 años, sexo femenino, Killip > 1, tipo de IAM o la estrategia de reperfusión utilizada. Conclusiones: Se observaron cambios en la indicación de tratamientos acordes con la evolución de la evidencia disponible, sobre todo en la incorporación de estatinas y clopidogrel. Se consolidan una utilización creciente de ATC primaria y tiempos de evolución menores al ingreso. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos avances, no se observó una reducción en la mortalidad global intrahospitalaria.
Objective: To assess the evolution of the characteristics, therapeutic uses and in-hospital mortality of AMI patients in the last 18 years in the Argentine Republic. Material and Methods: Data were captured from the SAC surveys carried out during the period 1987-2005, which included 2491 AMI patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units throughout the country during the years 1987 (309 patients), 1991 (526 patients), 1996 (645 patients), 2000 (298 patients) and 2005 (515 patients). Results: During this period, a progressive increase in the incidence of AMI non-Q type (16.7% in 1987 versus 39.8% in 2005; trend p<0.001 OR: 3.24) was observed. The time interval between the onset of symptoms and the admission varied significantly (median 4.5 hours in 1987 versus 4 hours in2005; p<0.001) and the percentage of global use of fibrinolytics, after increasing from 12.9% in 1987 up to 41.4% in 1996, decreased down to 22.5% in 2005. Concomitantly, primary PCI increased from 2.9% in 1987 to 32.4% in 2005 (p<0.0001). In-hospital mortality showed no significant changes (11.9% in 1987 versus 12.6% in 2005; p=0.36) including the different risk subgroups such as age > 75 years, female, Killip >1, AMI type or the reperfusion strategy used. Conclusions: Changes in therapy which reflect the evolution of the available evidence, mainly in regards to the inclusion of statins and clopidogrel, were observed. Increased use of primary PCI and decreased evolution times at the admission are consolidated. However, despite of these advancements, no reduction in the global in-hospital mortality was observed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
La angioplastia coronaria (ATC) es una técnica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria que se encuentra en constante evolución. El registro CONAREC V relevó características de pacientes sometidos a angioplastia durante el año 1996. Diez años después publicamos los resultados del estudio CONAREC XIV. Objetivo Comparar las características demográficas y clínicas, la utilización de dispositivos y de pruebas funcionales, los resultados y las complicaciones de la ATC en el estudio CONAREC V con el estudio CONAREC XIV. Material y métodos Se unificaron las bases de datos de ambos protocolos. Se compararon las variables continuas por medio de la prueba de la t y las categóricas con la prueba de chi cuadrado. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar si disminuyó la tasa de complicaciones en el año 2005, ajustando por confundidores. Resultados Los pacientes del CONAREC XIV fueron más añosos (62,8 ± 10,8 versus 60,6 ± 10,9 años), con mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (72,4% versus 61,3%; p < 0,001) y diabetes (19,2% versus 16,9%; p = 0,017) y menor de tabaquismo (22% versus 38%; p < 0,001); presentaron enfermedad de tres vasos (20,2% versus 14,8%; p < 0,001) y ATC de más de un vaso con mayor frecuencia (25,3% versus 11,8%; p < 0,001); se incrementaron el uso de stents (94,5% versus 48%; p < 0,001) y la indicación por cuadros estables (36,3% versus 18,2%; p < 0,001). El uso de pruebas funcionales en este contexto fue menor en el año 2005 (54% versus 65%; p < 0,001). En pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio, en el CONAREC XIV se observó una prevalencia menor de infarto anterior (46% versus 57,8%; p < 0,005) y de shock cardiogénico (7,3% versus 13,5%; p = 0,017). La tasa de complicaciones mayores fue menor en el último protocolo, CONAREC XIV (3,1% versus 8,9%; p < 0,001). En el modelo multivariado, pertenecer al último estudio disminuyó el riesgo de padecer eventos (OR 0,41, IC 95% 0,26-0,64; p < 0,001). Conclusiones En el relevamiento del año 2005, la ATC se realizó en pacientes con más factores de riesgo y mayor compromiso angiográfico. Se incrementó la indicación en cuadros estables. La tasa de complicaciones, como infarto, cirugía y muerte, se redujo en forma independiente.
Introduction Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a constantly evolving procedure for the treatment of coronary disease. The CONAREC V registry assessed the characteristics of patients that underwent an angioplasty during 1996. Ten years later the results of the CONAREC XIV study were published. Objective To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics, use of devices and functional tests, and PCI results and complications in the CONAREC V versus the CONAREC XIV registries. Material and methods Both protocols databases were unified. The continuum variables were compared by means of the t test and the categorical with the chi square test. A logistic regression model, adjusted by confounders, was built in order to determine if the events rate from 2006 had decreased. Results The patients from CONAREC XIV were older (62.8±10.8 versus 60.6±10.9 years), with higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (72.4% versus 61.3%; p<0,001) and diabetes (19.2% versus 16.9%; p=0.017) and less tobacco consumption (22% versus 38%; p<0,001); they showed three vessel disease (20.2% versus 14.8%; p<0,001) and PCI to more than one vessel (25.3% versus 11.8%; p<0.001) more frequently; stent use was increased (94.5% versus 48%; p<0.001) as well as the indication in stable conditions (36,3% versus 18,2%; p<0,001). Use of functional tests in this context was lesser in the year 2005 (54% versus 65%; p<0.001). In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in the CONAREC XIV a lesser prevalence of anterior infarction (46% versus 57.8%; p<0.005) and cardiogenic shock (7.3% versus 13.5%; p=0.017) were observed. The rate of major events was lower in the last CONAREC XIV protocol (3.1% versus 8.9%; p<0.001). In the multivariate model, the patients included in the last study had decreased risk of events (OR 0.41, IC 95% 0.26-0.64; p<0,001). Conclusions The 2005 registry showed that PCI was performed in patients with more risk factors and increased angiographic risk. Indication under stable conditions increased. The rate of events such as infarction, surgery and death was reduced independently.
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Introducción: Considerando que el infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) es la causa más frecuente de muerte en nuestro país, este registro multicéntrico pretende establecer una visión de la realidad epidemiológica (limitada a los centros participantes) con la finalidad de obtener información acerca del manejo clínico y la morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria. Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, usos terapéuticos y mortalidad del IAM en centros relacionados con la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 515 pacientes de 74 unidades de cuidados intensivos de todo el país registrados durante 2 meses consecutivos en el período comprendido entre abril y diciembre de 2005. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 62 años; el 24% eran mujeres. El 6,2% no presentaba ningún factor de riesgo, mientras que el 38% tenía al menos tres factores. El 27,9% de los pacientes tenían algún tipo de antecedente coronario. El 65,4% ingresó dentro de las primeras 6 horas; en el 42,2%, la localización del IAM era anterior, con Killip y Kimball A en el 77,6% de los pacientes. Al ingreso, el 74,8% presentaba supradesnivel del ST y el 4,9%, BCRI. El 53% recibió tratamiento de reperfusión (42,3% trombolíticos y 57,7% angioplastia primaria), 80,3% si incluimos pacientes elegibles para tratamiento de reperfusión (n = 320). La complicación más frecuente fue la insuficiencia cardíaca, que alcanzó el 20,2%, en tanto que el 11,3% presentó angina posinfarto y el 4,3%, reinfarto. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 12,6%. Al alta, el 95,1% recibió aspirina, el 78,8% betabloqueantes, el 72,8% estatinas y el 55,9% clopidogrel. Conclusiones: Todavía, una proporción importante de pacientes que son elegi- bles para reperfusión no la reciben. La angioplastia primaria fue la estrategia de reperfusión más utilizada; es probable que esto estuviera relacionado con las características de los centros participantes. Conclusiones: Todavía, una proporción...
Introduction: Considering that the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most frequent cause of death in our country, this multicentric registry intends to establish a vision of the epidemiological reality (limited to the participating sites) aimed at obtaining information in regards to the clinical management and in-hospital morbi-mortality. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic uses and mortality in AMI in sites affiliated to the Argentine society of Cardiology. Material and Methods: Five hundred and fifteen patients from 74 intensive care units throughout the country, registered during 2 consecutive months, within the period April-December 2005. Results: The median age was 62 years; 24% were women. Six percent did no show any risk factor where as 38% had at least three factors. 27.9% of the patients had a history of some type of coronary disease. 65.4% were admitted within the first 6 hours; in 42.2% AMI location was anterior, with Killip and Kimball A in 77.6% of the patients. Upon admission, 74.8% showed supra imbalance of the ST segment and 4.9% LBBB. 53% underwent reperfusion therapy (42.3% thrombolytic therapy and 57.7% primary angioplasty), 80.3% if we include patients eligible for reperfusion therapy (n=320). The most frequent complication was cardiac failure that reached 20.2% whereas 11.3% showed post infarct angina and 4.3% reinfarction. In-Hospital mortality was 12.6%. At discharge, 95.1% were administered aspirin, 78.8% beta blockers, 72.8% statins, and 55.9% clopidogrel. Conclusions: Still, an important range of patients eligible for reperfusion does not receive it. Primary angioplasty was the reperfusion strategy mostly administered; probably related to the characteristics of the participating sites. We considered that the efforts should be focused on the strategies that most likelywill translate in increased benefits.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Reperfusão Miocárdica , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Introducción Los nuevos tratamientos médicos y los avances técnicos, junto con la mayor experiencia adquirida en cardiología intervencionista, hicieron necesaria la realización de este nuevo registro, el protocolo CONAREC XIV, sobre empleo de angioplastia coronaria (ATC), un procedimiento que es seguro y eficaz para el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria. Objetivo Evaluar las características de los pacientes, las indicaciones y los resultados de la ATC en nuestro país. Material y métodos Se realizó un registro prospectivo y consecutivo durante 6 meses de pacientes tratados con ATC en centros con residencia de cardiología. Se determinaron antecedentes, cuadro clínico de ingreso, tratamiento, resultados y complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Resultados Se registraron 1.500 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 62,8 ± 10,8 años y el 78,3% eran hombres. Antecedentes: 72% hipertensión arterial, 56,6% dislipidemia, 19,2% diabetes y 22,4% tabaquismo. Los cuadros clínicos de presentación fueron: 20% asintomáticos, 16,2% angina crónica estable, 45% síndrome coronario agudo sin supradesnivel del ST (SCA-SST), 19% síndrome coronario agudo con supradesnivel del ST (IAM-ST). En el 74,7% de los casos se realizó ATC de un vaso. Se utilizaron stents en el 94,5% de los casos y en el 18,7%, stents liberadores de drogas. El uso de pruebas funcionales previas a la ATC en cuadros estables fue del 53,9%, mientras que en el SCA-SST fue del 31,6%. La mediana de tiempo de evolución hasta la ATC en el SCA-SST fue de 1 día con un rango intercuartil 25-75% (RIC) de 0 a 3. En el IAM-ST, el tiempo puerta-balón fue de 60 minutos (RIC 40-105) y la mortalidad fue del 8%. Conclusiones La ATC se utiliza principalmente para el tratamiento de síndromes coronarios agudos. Se evidenció una tasa alta de uso de stents y de stents liberadores de drogas. El empleo de pruebas funcionales fue bajo. La tasa de complicaciones fue similar a la de los registros internacionales.
Introduction New medical therapies and technical advances, as well as the increased experience in interventional cardiology, made it necessary to carry out this new registry, the CONAREC XIV protocol, on the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a procedure that is safe and effective for the treatment of coronary disease. Objective To evaluate the characteristics of patients, indications, and results of PCI in our country. Material and Methods A prospective consecutive registry was performed during 6 months in patients that underwent PCI at centers that had a Residency in Cardiology. Background, clinical condition upon admission, therapy, results and in-hospital complications were assessed. Results The recorded patients were 1,500. The average age was 62,8 ± 10,8 years and 78,3% were males. Background: 72% arterial hypertension, 56,6% dyslipemia, 19,2% diabetes and 22,4% smokers. Clinical conditions were: 20% asymptomatic, 16,2% stable chronic angina, 45% non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), 19% ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS). In 74,7% of the cases PCI was performed in one of the vessels. Stents were used in 94,5% of the cases and in 18,7%, drug eluting stents were used. The use of functional tests previous to PCI in stable patients was of 53,9%, whereas in STE-ACS was of 31,6%. The median evolution time up to PCI in the STEACS was 1 day with 25-75% (ICR) interquartile range of 0 to 3. In ST-AMI, the door-to-balloon time was 60 minutes (ICR 40-105) and mortality was 8%. Conclusions PCI is used mainly in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. High use rate of stents and drug eluting stents was evident. The use of functional tests was low. The complications rate was similar to those shown in international registries.
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Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 43 años, con antecedentes de fiebre reumática, accidente vasculoencefálico isquémico, estenosis mitral y tricuspídea y disnea en CF III de 2 años de evolución. Se realizó ecocardiografia transesofágica que demostró estenosis mitral severa con área de 0,78 cm² y estenosis tricuspídea severa, con índice de Wilkins de 9/16. Se realizó valvuloplastia bivalvular percutánea con balón, con resultado exitoso. A un año del procedimiento la paciente evoluciona asintomática.