RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Charcot neuroarthropathy is a serious complication associated with diabetic neuropathy. This complication probably is most serious when the ankle is involved because of the instability and progressive deformity, which often leads to ulceration, osteomyelitis, and amputation. Arthrodesis before the ulcerated lesion appears is considered a limb salvage treatment. One of the most effective techniques for an unstable ankle in Charcot neuroarthropathy is retrograde transcalcaneal nailing. METHODS: Eighteen diabetic patients, without a history of ulceration, were treated from July, 2003, to November, 2005, with panarthrodesis of the ankle using intramedullary retrograde transcalcaneal nailing. The average follow up was 14 +/- 10.1 months. All patients completed the unloaded postoperative period with a fiberglass cast (3 months nonweightbearing and 3 months partial weightbearing) and commenced walking in shoes with a stiff rocker sole and a molded insole. RESULTS: During the followup period there were no major complications. In three patients, removal of one of the proximal screws used for anchoring the nail to the tibia was done because of protrusion causing skin breakdown. Fourteen patients had a stable fusion and four patients had fibrous union. The percentage of limb salvage was 100% in the followup period. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that this operative technique is effective and safe.
Assuntos
Articulação do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Artrodese/instrumentação , Artropatia Neurogênica/cirurgia , Pinos Ortopédicos , Neuropatias Diabéticas/complicações , Idoso , Artrodese/métodos , Artropatia Neurogênica/complicações , Calcâneo/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Salvamento de Membro/instrumentação , Salvamento de Membro/métodos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
It is widely acknowledged that there is a strong need to identify which modifiable risk factors predict healthy aging to use this information as the scientific basis for systematic interventions. Data from a 4-year longitudinal study on aging among 5632 older Italians were used. The definition of vitality was based on both cognitive and physical status, and the envisaged transitions were: positive or nonpositive stable, positive or negative transition, lost, and deceased. Predictors associated with different vitality trajectories were investigated by multinomial logistic analysis with a six-level outcome. Age and educational level were predictors of being "positive stable," whereas the other factors behaved differently according to comparison group. For example, being overweight is a common predictor except when compared to the deceased group, as is depressive symptomatology except when compared to the "positive transition" group. Interventions are warranted to reduce social inequalities, promote adequate body weight, and prevent and treat depressive symptoms.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Saúde Mental , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Itália , Expectativa de Vida , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Probabilidade , Medição de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , VitalismoRESUMO
The Maillard reaction occurring between sugars and amino groups is important in living systems. When amino groups belonging to protein chains are involved, the Maillard reaction has been invoked as responsible for protein cross-linking and the production of 'toxic' compounds. The reaction leads to the production of a heterogeneous group of substances, usually called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Classical analytical approaches, such as spectroscopic (ultraviolet, fluorescence) and mass spectrometric (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) methods, have shown that the digestion mixture is highly complex. However, there are clear differences between the digestion mixtures of glycated and unglycated human serum albumin (HSA). In the former case, possible glycated peptides belonging to the AGE peptide class may be identified. Tandem mass spectrometric experiments on selected species seemed to be promising as regards structural information, but it was thought of interest to undertake the present investigation, based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry, in order to obtain definitive results on their elemental composition. Using this approach, about 20 glycated peptides were detected and their possible structures were postulated by examining the known sequence of HSA.
Assuntos
Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/análise , Oligopeptídeos/análise , Mapeamento de Peptídeos/métodos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Glucose/química , Glicosilação , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Albumina Sérica/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Tripsina/metabolismo , Albumina Sérica GlicadaRESUMO
An investigation on AGE-peptides, originating by proteolysis of in vitro glycated proteins, was carried out by LC methods with different detection applied to the mixture produced by proteinase K digestion of in vitro glycated human serum albumin (HSA). Classical approaches, like spectroscopic (UV, fluorescence) and mass spectrometric methods (MALDI, LC/ESI/MS), show that the digestion mixture is highly complex. However, there are clearcut differences between the digestion mixtures of glycated and unglycated HSA, in the former case allowing identification of possible glycated peptides belonging to the AGE-peptide class. MS/ MS experiments on selected species seem to be promising as regards structural information.
Assuntos
Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/análise , Peptídeos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Endopeptidase K/metabolismo , Humanos , Albumina Sérica/química , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
Determination of glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels in plasma is of great interest, since it allows us to evaluate oxidation processes occurring in glycated proteins. A method based on a simple derivatization procedure followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis has been developed. Ten diabetic patients were evaluated before and after improvement of glycemic control. Fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), advanced glycation end products (AGE), pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels were measured. The percentage decreases of the levels of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and AGE were larger than those of pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These results may be explained by considering the different position of these compounds in the Maillard reaction pathways: these two sets of metabolic parameters give different pictures of patients' metabolic control. The measurement of glyoxal and methylglyoxal may be particularly important in the evaluation of the possible effect of oxidative stress. Other metabolic pathways can contribute to glyoxal production, and the observed minor decrease in these compounds can be, in principle, ascribed to such effect. However, a similar behavior of pentosidine indicates that these alternative pathways can be only partially responsible for glyoxal and methylglyoxal production.