The Latin-American Experience in POEMS Syndrome: A Study of the GELAMM (Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano de Mieloma Múltiple).

INTRODUCTION: POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by an underlying plasma cell disorder. The acronym refers to the following features: polyradiculoneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal paraproteinemia, and skin changes. METHODS: The study was conducted at 24 hematological centers across 8 Latin-American countries. The study included a total of 46 patients {median age was 52 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 42-61.5), 30 males and 16 females} fulfilling the POEMS syndrome criteria diagnosed over a period of 12 years (January 1, 2011, through July 31, 2023). Epidemiological and clinical data were collected in an ad hoc database sent to the members of GELAMM, as well as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS: All patients had polyneuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy; 89% had bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, 33% had sclerotic bone lesions. Only 10 patients underwent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) testing in plasma samples. The paraproteinemia was IgG λ in 32% and IgA λ in 30%. 59% patients presented with cutaneous changes, mainly hyperpigmentation, 54% had organomegaly, and 74% endocrinopathy. The median interval from symptom onset to diagnosis was 7.7 months (IQR: 4.0-12.6). 69% of patients received a single line of treatment. The median follow-up period was 25 months (IQR: 9.37-52.0) and the 2-year overall survival rate was 100%. All patients who underwent transplantation (43%) are alive, with a median follow-up of 45.62 months (IQR: 15.46-70). CONCLUSION: This study investigates POEMS syndrome in Latin America and presents an initial overview of the disease in the region. VEGF usage is recommended for accurate diagnosis, but only 7 hematology centers in the region used it. Survival rate in Latin America is comparable with those observed internationally.

Real world outcomes with Bortezomib Thalidomide dexamethasone and Cyclophosphamide Bortezomib dexamethasone induction treatment for transplant eligible multiple myeloma patients in a Latin American country. A Retrospective Cohort Study from Grupo Argentino de Mieloma Múltiple.

Data about treatment outcomes and toxicity in Latin America are scarce. There are differences with central countries based on access to healthcare system and socioeconomic status. Argentinean Society of Hematology recommends bortezomib-based triplets for induction treatment of transplant eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Most common options are CyBorD (cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone) and VTD (bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone). Main goal of our retrospective, multicentric study was to compare very good partial response rate (VGPR) or better after induction treatment in a real-world setting in Argentina. Secondary objectives included comparison of complete response (CR) post-induction and after bone marrow transplantation, grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Three hundred twenty-two patients were included (median age at diagnosis: 57 years; 52% male; 28% had ISS3; 14% with high-risk cytogenetics; median follow up: 34 months). CyBorD was indicated in 74% and 26% received VTD. In VTD arm, 72.62% of patients achieved at least VGPR vs 53.36% receiving CyBorD (odds ratio, OR: 1.96 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08-3.57; P = .026] after adjusting by age, ISS [International Staging System], lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) and cytogenetic risk. Difference in VGPR was 19.26% (95% CI: 15-24). CR rate were 35.92% (VTD) vs 22.55% (CyBorD) (adjusted OR: 2.13 [95% CI: 1.12-4.05]). Difference in CR was 13.37% (95% CI: 9.6-17.53). Adverse events (AEs) were more common with VTD (69.05% vs 55.46% for CyBorD; P = .030), especially grade 3-4 neuropathy (P = .005) and thrombosis (P = .001). Thromboprophylaxis was inadequate in 20.24% of patients. Hematological AEs were more common with CyBorD, especially thrombocytopenia (P = .017). PFS and OS at 24 months were not different between treatments. In this real-world setting, VTD was associated with better CR and VGPR than CyBorD. Nevertheless, CyBorD continues to be the preferred induction regimen in Argentina, based on safety profile. Frontline autologous stem cell transplantation improves quality of responses, especially in countries with limited access to new drugs.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcome of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance-related lesions in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS)-related lesions are infrequent entities. There are no publications on these disorders in Latin America (LA). The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these patients in LA. METHODS: We performed a multicentre retrospective study. Patients with diagnosis of MGRS between 2012 and 2018 were included. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from clinical records. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients from Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Uruguay were included. Half debuted with a nephrotic syndrome, and 32% required dialysis. Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits was found in 33%, amyloidosis in 26% and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease also in 26%. The immunoglobulin most frequently found in renal biopsies was IgG kappa. In 67% a paraprotein was found. Twenty patients received an anti-plasma cell regimen, and 3 a rituximab-based regimen (IgM-MGRS). Renal response (RR) was achieved in 56%. Early treatment (≤3 months) was associated with higher RR (75% vs 43%). Three patients relapsed within 21.5 months, and 3 progressed: 1 to multiple myeloma, 1 to systemic amyloidosis and another to systemic light-chain deposition disease. Two patients died, both due to infection during induction treatment. CONCLUSION: There was a higher than expected frequency of patients requiring dialysis. The most common MGRS-related lesion was PGNMD. Early treatment was associated with better response. As a rare disease, increasing awareness and promoting early diagnosis are necessary in LA to improve outcomes. SUMMARY AT A GLANCE A collection of 27 cases of MGRS from Latin America with information on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients diagnosed of MGRS-related renal lesions.

[Pulmonary hypertension as presentation in multiple myeloma]. / Hipertensión pulmonar como presentación en mieloma múltiple.

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic disease, which accounts for 15% of hematologic malignancies. The average age of onset is between 65-70 years and is very rare in young patients, as 2% are under 40 years old. We present a case of 36-year-old women with history of 20 pack years (p/y) smoking, who complaints of dyspnea associated with signs of right cardiac overload, anemia, proteinuria, elevated acute phase reactants and spirometry pattern suggestive of moderately-severe restriction and severe drop in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Echocardiogram evidence dilated right heart cavities and signs of pulmonary hypertension which is confirmed by right heart catheterization. In search of the etiology we arrive to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

Patients Age 40 Years and Younger With Multiple Myeloma Have the Same Prognosis as Older Patients: An Analysis of Real-World Patients' Evidence From Latin America.

PURPOSE: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous, incurable disease most frequently diagnosed in the elderly. Therefore, data on clinical characteristics and outcomes in the very young population are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed clinical characteristics, response to treatment, and survival in 103 patients with newly diagnosed MM age 40 years or younger compared with 256 patients age 41-50 years and 957 patients age 51 years or older. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in sex, isotype, International Scoring System, renal involvement, hypercalcemia, anemia, dialysis, bony lesions, extramedullary disease, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The most used regimen in young patients was cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone, followed by cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, dexamethasone and bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone. Of the patients age 40 years or younger, only 53% received autologous stem-cell transplant (ASCT) and 71.1% received maintenance. There were no differences in overall survival (OS) in the three patient cohorts. In the multivariate analysis, only high LDH, high cytogenetic risk, and ASCT were statistically associated with survival. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, younger patients with MM in Latin America have similar clinical characteristics, responses, and OS compared with the elderly.

Real-world outcomes for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with lenalidomide-dexamethasone combinations in a Latin American country. A retrospective cohort study from grupo argentino de mieloma múltiple.

OBJECTIVES: We compared the efficacy of lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) based treatments for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients (pts), in a real-world setting. In addition, we evaluated adverse events (AE), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS: In our retrospective, multicentric study, 156 pts with RRMM were included. 74/156 pts (47%) were refractory to bortezomib (V) and 43/156 (27%) pts to lenalidomide (R), with 24/156 (15%) of pts double refractory. Eighty-six pts (55%) received Rd with carfilzomib (KRd), 30 pts (19%) bortezomib (VRd), 30 pts (19%) daratumumab (DRd), and 10 pts (6%) ixazomib (IRd). RESULTS: The overall response (ORR) (≥ partial response) for the entire cohort was 71%, with a very good partial response rate or better (≥VGPR) of 35%. We found no significant differences in CR or ≥VGRP rates between treatments (p:0.229). Regardless of the combination received, those patients who achieved CR had significantly improved PFS (p: 0.007). The most frequent cause of treatment discontinuation was disease progression in 55/156 pts (35%). 8 pts (5%) discontinued treatment due to treatment-related adverse events (AE). CONCLUSION: This is the first report of Rd combinations for the treatment of RRMM in Latin America. All combinations proved to be effective with an acceptable toxicity.

Different outcomes for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Latin America according to the public versus private management: a GELAMM study.

The aim of this study was to describe clinical and survival characteristics of transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients in Latin America (LA), with a special focus on differences between public and private healthcare facilities. We included 1293 patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. A great disparity in outcomes and survival between both groups was observed. Late diagnosis and low access to adequate frontline therapy and ASCT in public institutions probably explain these differences. Patients treated with novel drug induction protocols, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and maintenance, have similar overall survival compared to that published internationally.

[Simultaneous multiple myeloma and giant cell arteritis without systemic amyloidosis]. / Mieloma multiple y arteritis de celulas gigantes sin amiloidosis.

Primary systemic amyloidosis with clinical and histopathologic features of giant cell arteritis has already been described. The association of multiple myeloma (with primary amyloidosis) and giant cell arteritis is also known. We present the first case in the literature of a patient with multiple myeloma and giant cell arteritis without systemic amyloidosis, suggesting a pathogenic relationship between the two diseases.

[Pure red cell aplasia after allogeneic transplantation of ABO incompatible hematopoietic stem cells]. / Aplasia pura de serie roja post-trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyeticas ABO incompatible.

ABO incompatibility in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be associated with incomplete or delayed erythroid engraftment, being pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) the most severe complication in this setting. Attempts for the treatment of PRCA have been made with erythropoietin or with plasmapheresis with relative success, and some authors have reported the reversibility of PRCA with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG or ATG), based on the assumption that PRCA might be immunologically mediated. We report herewith a patient with acute leukemia who developed post--BMT pure red cell aplasia. His sibling donor (sister) was HLA identical and ABO incompatible, having low agglutinin titers against donor's blood group. PRCA did not improve after treatment with erythropoietin or a boost of hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from donor's peripheral blood but the problem was resolved completely after treatment with ALG.

Utilización de un dispositivo portátil para monitorear la relación internacional normalizada en pacientes con anticoagulante lúpico positivo / Use of a portable device to monitor the international normalized ratio in patients with positive lupus anticoagulant

La certeza del valor de la relación internacional normalizada (RIN), ensayo para controlar la anticoagulación con dicumarínicos, en pacientes con anticoagulante lúpico positivo (AL) es desconocida especialmente para los dispositivos al lado del paciente (POCT). El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar si existe correlación entre el valor del RIN obtenido por el método tradicional y el obtenido con un dispositivo portátil en pacientes con AL positivo. Se estudiaron 35 pacientes anticoagulados por enfermedad tromboembólica con diagnóstico de AL positivo persistente a los que se les determinó al mismo tiempo el RIN por el método tradicional y con CoaguChek durante 4 controles consecutivos. El rango del RIN fue 1,9 a 5,60 y el RIN-POCT estuvo entre 2,0 y 4,92. La comparación del RIN vs RIN-POCT mostró r=0,98, pendiente: 1,56 (0,98-1,12) y una ordenada al origen de -0,088 (-0,282-0,007). El sesgo fue 2,1%. Para un nivel del RIN menor de 3,5 (n=136 controles) la diferencia del RIN promedio fue de 0,17 con un rango de 0,01-0,56. Un paciente, con triple positividad, mostró una diferencia entre ambos métodos mayor de 0,4 en dos controles. Para un RIN mayor de 4,5 el grado de concordancia fue menor pero no tiene implicancia clínica. Los resultados del RIN obtenidos por CoaguChek en los pacientes estudiados con AL positivo son útiles para la práctica clínica. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que hay una buena correlación entre el RIN tradicional y el CoaguChek. Por la gran diversidad de los equipos POCT los resultados no son extrapolables a otros dispositivos. Dada la heterogeneidad de los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos, es recomendable probar en cada paciente si hay una buena concordancia entre el RIN tradicional y el RIN-POCT.

The certainty of the value of the international normalized relation (INR) assay to control dicoumarin anticoagulation in patients with positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) is unknown especially for the point of care testing (POCT). The aim of this work was to investigate if there was a correlation between the INR values obtained by the traditional method and those obtained with a POCT in patients with positive LA. The population under study were 35 patients anticoagulated by thromboembolic disease with a persistent positive LA, whose INR was determined at the same time by the traditional method and with CoaguChek during 4 consecutive controls. The INR range was 1.9 to 5.60 and the RIN-POCT was between 2.0-4.92. The comparison of INR vs. INR - POCT showed r=0.98, slope: 1.56 (0.98-1.12) and ordered to the origin -0.088 (-0.282-0.007). The bias was 2.1%. For an INR level lower than 3.5 (n=136 controls) the average INR difference was 0.17 with a range of 0.01-0.56. One patient, with triple positivity showed a difference between both methods greater than 0.4. in two controls. For INR greater than 4.5, the degree of concordance is lower but has no clinical implications. The data obtained show that there is a good correlation between the traditional INR and the CoaguChek. The results of INR obtained by CoaguChek in patients studied with positive LA are useful for clinical practice. Due to the large diversity of POCT, the results cannot be extrapolated to other devices. Given the heterogeneity of antiphospholipid antibodies, it is advisable to test in each patient whether there is a good agreement between the traditional INR and INR-POCT.

A certeza do valor da razão internacional normalizada (RIN ou IIN), ensaio que controla a anticoagulação com dicumarínicos, em pacientes com anticoagulante lúpico positivo (AL) é desconhecida especialmente para os dispositivos de teste do tipo point-of-care (POCT). Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar se existe correlação entre o valor de RIN obtido pelo método tradicional e aquele obtido com um dispositivo portátil em pacientes com AL positivo. Foram estudados 35 pacientes anticoagulados por doença tromboembólica com diagnóstico de AL positivo persistente aos quais lhes determinaram, ao mesmo tempo, a RIN pelo método tradicional e com CoaguChek durante 4 controles consecutivos. O intervalo de RIN foi de 1,9 a 5,60 e o de RIN-POCT ficou entre 2,0 e 4,92. A comparação de RIN vs RIN-POCT mostrou r=0,98, pendente: 1,56 (0,98-1,12) e uma ordenada à origem de -0,088 (-0,282-0,007). O viés foi 2,1%. Para um nível de RIN menor a 3,5 (n=136 controles) a diferença de RIN em média foi de 0,17 com um intervalo de 0,01-0,56. Um paciente, com tríplice positividade, mostrou uma diferença entre ambos os métodos maior a 0,4 em dois controles. Para um RIN de mais de 4,5, o grau de concordância foi menor, mas não tem consequências clínicas. Nos pacientes estudados com AL positivo, os resultados da RIN obtidos por CoaguChek são úteis para a prática clínica. Os dados obtidos demonstram que existe uma boa correlação entre a RIN tradicional e o CoaguChek. Devido à grande diversidade dos equipamentos POCT, os resultados não são extrapoláveis a outros dispositivos. É recomendável, visto a heterogeneidade dos anticorpos antifosfolípídes, provar em cada paciente a existência de uma boa concordância entre a RIN tradicional e a RIN-POCT.

Proteinosis alveolar secundaria: reporte de un caso / Proteinosis alveolar secundaria: case report

La proteinosis alveolar es un enfermedad caracterizada por el acúmulo anormal de surfactante en el espacio alveolar lo que conlleva a disrupción en el intercambio gaseoso. Su fisiopatogenia es variada y en los adultos la forma secundaria es la más frecuente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con leucemia mieloide aguda en tratamiento compasivo con gemtuzumab ozogamicina, e infecciones respiratorias a repetición que se presenta con disnea progresiva y tos seca. Luego de descartar causa embólica y cardíaca, se realiza tomografía que evidencia opacidades en vidrio esmerilado de distribución difusa y engrosamiento de septos, por lo que ante la sospecha de infección se realiza lavado broncoalveolar que revela líquido blanquecino evidenciando en la citología inclusiones en macrógrafos PAS positivo. Con el diagnóstico de proteinosis alveolar secundaria a enfermedad de base, se reinició tratamiento quimioterápico. Presentó progresión de infiltrados y mayor requerimiento de oxígeno falleciendo pocos días después. (AU)

Hipertensión pulmonar como presentación en mieloma múltiple / Pulmonary hypertension as presentation in multiple myeloma

El mieloma múltiple es una enfermedad oncohematológica, que representa el 15% de las enfermedades hematológicas malignas. La edad media de aparición es entre los 65-70 años, siendo muy poco frecuente en pacientes jóvenes; 2% son menores de 40 años. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 36 años con antecedente de tabaquismo de 20 paquetes año. Consultó por disnea asociada a signos de insuficiencia cardíaca derecha, anemia, proteinuria, elevación de reactantes de fase aguda y patrón sugestivo de restricción moderadamente grave en la espirometría y caída de la capacidad de difusión de monóxido de carbono (DLco). El ecocardiograma doppler evidenció dilatación de cavidades derechas y signos de hipertensión pulmonar que se confirmó con cateterismo cardiaco derecho. En busca de la etiología se arribó al diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple.

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic disease, which accounts for 15% of hematologic malignancies. The average age of onset is between 65-70 years and is very rare in young patients, as 2% are under 40 years old. We present a case of 36-year-old women with history of 20 pack years (p/y) smoking, who complaints of dyspnea associated with signs of right cardiac overload, anemia, proteinuria, elevated acute phase reactants and spirometry pattern suggestive of moderately-severe restriction and severe drop in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Echocardiogram evidence dilated right heart cavities and signs of pulmonary hypertension which is confirmed by right heart catheterization. In search of the etiology we arrive to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

Comparación de la detección foto óptica vs. electromecánica del coágulo / Comparison of mechanical vs. optical clot detection / Comparação da detecção foto-óptica vs. eletromecânica do coágulo

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la detección foto óptica del coágulo es equivalente a la detección electromecánica al realizar el tiempo de protrombina (TP), el tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activado (APTT) y el dosaje de fibrinógeno (FBG). Se estudiaron 258 pacientes consecutivos que concurrieron al laboratorio para realizar estudios de hemostasia. Se utilizaron tres coagulómetros: ACL TOP (foto-óptico) y STArt y Destiny plus como detección electro mecánica. EL TP, APTT y FBG fueron realizados en todos los equipos antes de transcurridas tres horas de la toma de la muestra. Se obtuvo una buena correlación entre los resultados obtenidos con ambos métodos de detección TP (%): (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0,989; ACL TOP vs. Destiny plus R=0,988), APTT: (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0,938; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus R=0,989), y FBG (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0,97; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus R=0,984). La diferencia de los resultados entre plataformas son menores al error total permitido establecido por los criterios de CLIA (ETa TP y APTT =15% y FBG 20%) en el 95% de las muestras. En los tres coagulómetros evaluados, correctamente mantenidos y calibrados, la detección foto-óptica arrojó resultados equivalentes a la detección electromecánica.

The aim of this study was to determine whether two distinct methodologies based on optical or mechanical clot detection are comparable. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastine time (APTT) and fibrinogen results obtained with mechanical method using two different coagulometers are compared with those obtained by photo optical method within three hours of blood collection. The statistical analysis demonstrated an excellent correlation between optical or mechanical platform for TP, APTT and FBG. TP (%) showed (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0.989; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus R=0.988), APTT: (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0.938; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus R=0.989) y FBG (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0.97; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus 0.984). The differences between optical or mechanical clot detection results are lower than the total error allowable in 95% of the studied samples. To conclude with, the three coagulometers evaluated have maintenance performed and are calibrated according to the international guidelines, and the results obtained with an optical or mechanical clot detection method are equivalent.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a detecção foto-óptica do coágulo é equivalente à detecção eletromecânica ao realizar o tempo de protrombina (TP), o tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativado (APTT) e a dosagem de fibrinogênio (FBG). Foram estudados 258 pacientes consecutivos que concorreram ao laboratório para realizar estudos de hemostasia. Foram utilizados três coagulómetros: ACL TOP (foto-óptico) e STArt e Destiny plus como detecção eletromecânica. O TP, APTT e FBG foram realizados em todos os equipamentos antes de decorridas três horas da tomada da amostra. Uma boa correlação foi conseguida entre os resultados obtidos com ambos os métodos de detecção TP (%): (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0,989; ACL TOP vs. Destiny plus R =0,988), APTT: (ACL TOP vs.STArt R=0,938; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus R=0,989), e FBG (ACL TOP vs. STArt R=0,97; ACL TOP vs. Destiny Plus R=0,984). A diferença dos resultados entre plataformas é menor ao erro total permitido estabelecido pelos critérios de CLIA (ETa TP e APTT =15% e FBG 20%) em 95% das amostras. Nos três coagulómetros avaliados, corretamente mantidos e calibrados a detecção foto-óptica lança resultados equivalentes à detecção eletromecânica.

Mieloma múltiple y arteritis de células gigantes sin amiloidosis / Simultaneous multiple myeloma and giant cell arteritis without systemic amyloidosis

La amiloidosis sistémica primaria y el mieloma múltiple con amiloidosis primaria se han presentado con características clínicas e histopatológicas que simulan una arteritis de células gigantes. Hasta el momento la asociación se basaba en el rol antigénico del depósito de amiloide sobre las arterias, desencadenando la respuesta inmune que finaliza con una arteritis. Presentamos el primer caso en la literatura de un paciente con mieloma múltiple y arteritis de células gigantes sin amiloidosis sistémica, sugiriendo una relación patogénica entre estas dos entidades. En el caso de nuestro paciente se descartó la presencia de amiloide en la pared arterial, por lo que proponemos que el estímulo para el desarrollo de la arteritis podría ser una excesiva producción de interleuquina 6 fabricada por las células mielomatosas

Primary systemic amyloidosis with clinical and histopathologic features of giant cell arteritis has already been described. The association of multiple myeloma (with primary amyloidosis) and giant cell arteritis is also known. We present the first case in the literature of a patient with multiple myeloma and giant cell arteritis without systemic amyloidosis, suggesting a pathogenic relationship between the two diseases

Dolor articular agudo que se presenta 3 años post trasplante alogeneico de médula osea / Acute articular pain, 3 years after allogenic bone marrow transplantation

Paciente de 34 años con diagnóstico de LMC sometido a un TMO alogeneico exitoso. presentó en forma alejada enfermedad de injerto vs huesped (GVHD= crónica, extensa, con compromiso cutáneo esclerodermatoso, liquen plano oral, sicca ocular, pérdida de peso, retracción articular y aumento de anzimas hepáticas. Fue tratado con prednisona (dosis promedio 24 mg día) en conjunto con otros inmunosupresores controlando el cuadro de GVHD. Tres años post TMO refiere dolor espontáneo de rodilla derecha que no le permitía deambular, sin flogosis local ni deformidad articular. La RMN muestra una necrosis isquémica atraumática bilateral en meseta tibial, ambos cóndilos y rótula, probablemente asociada a corticoides. El diagnóstico final fue de necrosis avascular (osteonecrosis) de rodilla. El tratamiento sugerido fue reposo y analgesia. No se recomendó una artroplastía de rodilla por la edad del paciente y alto riesgo de complicaciones infecciosas. La evolución ha sido favorable y el paciente hoy deambula sin secuelas

Aplasia pura de serie roja post-trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyeticas ABO incompatible / Pure red cell aplasia after allogeneic transplantation of ABO incompatible hematopoietic stem cells

El trasplante alogeneico de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) con incompatibilidad ABOentre el donante y el receptor puede en ocasiones asociarse a trastornos en la progenie eritroide de-sarrollada a partir de la médula ósea trasplantada, caracterizado por un funcionamiento tardío, inadecuado e in-completo de la misma. En este contexto, la aplasia pura de serie roja es la complicación más severa. Se han inten-tado tratamientos para la aplasia pura de serie roja post-TCPH con eritropoyetina o plasmaféresis, con relativo éxito. Algunos autores han informado también la utilización de globulina antilinfocitaria, asumiendo que dicha aplasia se-lectiva de la serie roja en la médula ósea trasplantada es mediada por un mecanismo inmune. En este trabajo se describe un paciente portador de una leucemia aguda en quien se realizó un TCPH alogeneico (ABO incompatible con su donante). Teniendo niveles bajos de aglutininas contra el grupo sanguíneo de la donante, desarrolló una aplasia pura de serie roja post - TCPH. La misma no mejoró con tratamiento con eritropoyetina o con un refuerzo de progenitores hematopoyéticos de sangre periférica de la misma donante ( boost), resolviéndose totalmente lue-go de un tratamiento exitoso con globulina antilinfocitaria de origen equino

Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica y seropositividad para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana adquirida / Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and human acquired immunodeficiency virus seropositivity

La púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica (PTT) es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida,c aracterizad aclínicamene por una péntada diagnóstica (trombocitopenia, anemia hemolítica mciroangiopática, signos y síntomas neurológicos, fiebre y lesión renal). Trabajos recientes describen por primera vez su asociación con el virus dela inmunodeficiencia humana adquirida (HIV). Se comenta el caso clínico de una paciente con diagnóstico de PTT en quien se halló seropositividad para HIV. El daignóstico de PTT fue confirmado con los hallazgos histopatológicos de biopsias y autopsia, en la que se observó la característica microtrombosis sistémica de capilares y arteriolas

Leucemias de células plasmáticas / Plasma cell leukemias

Comunicamos en este trabajo un paciente con leucemia de células plasmáticas, cuya presentación de novo, pronóstico y evolución difieren del mieloma múltiple. Se mencionan los criterios diagnósticos y se discute esta entidad

Transplante de medula osea en anemia aplastica severa / Blood marrow transplantation for severe aplstic anamia

La anemia aplástica severa (AAS) es una grave enfermedad hematológica en que el transplante de médula ósea (TMO) es el tratamiento de elección en pacientes pediátricos y adultos jóvenes, siendo el número de transfusiones pre-TMO el factor más importnate para determinar la incidencia de rechazos de injerto. Veinte pacientes com AAS, en sua mayoría politransfundidos, fueron sometidos a TMO utilizando la asociación ciclofosfamida (CFM) + globulina antilinfocitaria (GAL) como régimen condicionante. Todos los pacientes evaluables tuvieron injerto funcionante ("engraftment") y no se observó rechazo de injerto en ninguno de ellos. Tres pacientes fallecieron, y los 17 restantes (85 por ciento) están vivos y con reconstitución hematopoyética completa, con una mediana de seguimiento de 27.7 meses. EL TMO demostró ser una excelente opción terapéutica en esta serie de pacientes con AAS, y el régimen condicionante fue adecuado para una adecuada mieloablación e inmunosupresión pré-TMO sin rechazos tempranos o tardíos del injerto.

Enoxaparina como alternativa antitrombótica para la cirugía en pacientes de alto riesgo tromboembólico crónicamente anticoagulados con dicumarínicos / Enoxaparinas an alternative to antocoagulant therapy in hight risk patients under chronic treatment with vitamin K antagonists

En la actualidad no existe un criterio uniforme para el manejo anticoagulante perioperatorio de los pacientes con alto riesgo tromboembólico y crónicamente anticoagulados con dicumarínicos. Se ha propuesto el uso de las HBPM en reemplazo de la heparina no fraccionada pero la experiencia publicada es escasa y no hay un consenso sobre la dosis y el momento adecuado para reiniciar la anticoagulación en el período post quirúrgico, especialmente en cirugía mayor. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de la enoxaparina 1 mg/kg SC cada 12 horas en el manejo perioperatorio de pacientes con alto riesgo tromboembólico. Resultados: 48 pacientes (edad promedio: 70 años, 32 hombres) anticoagulados por RVM 64,5 porciento y FA con antecedente de embolia o trombo auricular en 35,5 porciento. El 45 porciento requirió suspender los AO por una cirugía programada, 33 porciento por cirugía odontológica, 16 porciento cateterismo cardíaco y 6 porciento por una biopsia. Los pacientes suspendían la AO 3 a 5 días previos al procedimiento y lo reemplazaban por enoxaparina. la dosis promedio de enoxaparina fue de 80 mg cada 12 horas. El 92 porciento de los pacientes reinició AO en las primeras 24 horas de la cirugía. No se detectaron eventos trombóticos hasta 1 mes de la cirugía. Cuatro pacientes presentaron hemorragias, 3 sangrados menores y 1 sangrado mayor que requirió múltiples transfusiones. Conclusión: La enoxaparina puede ser una alternativa antitrombótica eficaz en pacientes con alto riesgo tromboembólico y permitirá mediante 1 o 2 dosis diarias (ajustadas al peso) el manejo ambulatorio con un bajo índice de sangrado