RESUMO
PURPOSE: To test the association between external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) vs RP only on rates of other-cause mortality (OCM) in men with prostate cancer (PCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Within the 2004-2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identified 181,849 localized PCa patients, of whom 168,041 received RP only vs 13,808 who received RP + EBRT. Cumulative incidence plots displayed OCM between RP vs RP + EBRT after propensity score matching for age, PSA, clinical T- and N-stages, and biopsy Gleason scores. Multivariable competing risks regression models addressed OCM, accounting prostate cancer-specific mortality (CSM) as a competing event. Stratifications were made according to low- vs intermediate- vs high-risk groups and additionally according to age groups of ≤ 60, 61-70, and ≥ 71 years, within each risk group. RESULTS: In low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients, RP + EBRT rates were 2.7, 5.4 and 17.0%, respectively. After matching, 10-year OCM rates between RP and RP + EBRT were 7.7 vs 16.2% in low-, 9.4 vs 13.6% in intermediate-, and 11.4 vs 13.5% in high-risk patients (all p < 0.001), which, respectively, resulted in multivariable HR of 2.1, 1.3, and 1.2 (all p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, excess OCM was recorded in low-risk RP + EBRT patients of all age groups (all p ≤ 0.03), but only in the older age group in intermediate-risk patients (61-70 years, p = 0.03) and finally, only in the oldest age group in high-risk patients (≥ 71 years, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Excess OCM was recorded in patients exposed to RT after RP. Its extent was most pronounced in low-risk patients, decreased in intermediate-risk patients, and was lowest in high-risk patients.
Assuntos
Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Gradação de Tumores , Próstata , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bladder cancer is characterized by gender-dependent disparities. To further address this issue, we analysed a prospective, multicentre cystectomy registry. METHODS: An online database was developed that included patient demographics, intra/perioperative data, surgical data and in-house complications. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-eight patients (112 [24.5%] women and 346 [75.5%] men) were analysed. Men and women were comparable regarding age (mean 68 years), body mass index (mean 26.5) and the mean Charlson score (4.8). Women had more advanced tumour-stages (pT3/pT4; women: 57.1%; men: 48.1%). The rate of incontinent urinary diversion was higher in women (83.1%) than in men (60.2%) and in a multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors were M+ status (OR 11.2), female gender (OR 6.9) and age (OR 6.5). Women had a higher intraoperative blood transfusion rate. The overall rate of in-house complications was similar in both genders (men: 32.0%, women: 32.6%). Severe (Clavien-Dindo grade >2) medical (women: 6.3%; men: 5.2%) and surgical (women: 21.5%; men: 14.4%) in-house complications, however, were more frequent in women. CONCLUSIONS: This multicentre registry demonstrates several gender-related differences in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. The higher transfusion rate, the rare use of orthotopic bladder substitutes and the higher in-house complication rate underline the higher complexity of this procedure in women.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Cistectomia/efeitos adversos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Derivação Urinária/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Áustria , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Razão de Chances , Seleção de Pacientes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Derivação Urinária/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have compared the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN). This study aimed to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RPN and OPN. METHODS: The data of all patients who underwent partial nephrectomy from 2006 to 2014 in six academic departments of urology were retrospectively collected. Perioperative outcomes were compared between OPN and RPN patients. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The study included 1800 patients: 937 who underwent RPN and 863 who underwent OPN. The patients in the robotic group had smaller tumors (33.1 vs. 39.9 mm; p < 0.001) but comparable RENAL scores (6.8 vs. 6.7; p = 0.37). The complication rate was higher in the OPN group (28.6 vs. 18 %; p < 0.001). The OPN patients had greater estimated blood loss (359.5 vs. 275 ml; p < 0.001) and more frequent hemorrhagic complications (12.1 vs. 6.9 %; p < 0.001). The robotic approach was associated with a shorter warm ischemia time (WIT 15.7 vs. 18.6 min; p < 0.001) and a shorter hospital of stay (4.7 vs. 10.1 days; p < 0.001). In the propensity score-weighted analysis, the inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted odds ratio for the risk of complication after OPN versus RPN was 2.11 (95 % confidence interval, 1.53-2.91; p < 0.001). After a median postoperative follow-up period of 13 months for OPN and 39 months for RPN (p < 0.001), CSS and RFS were similar in the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, RPN showed an impact on the occurrence of a complication but had no effect on WIT or RFS. CONCLUSION: In this study, RPN was less morbid than OPN, with lower complications, less blood loss, and a shorter hospital of stay. The intermediate-term oncologic outcomes were similar in the two groups.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Idoso , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrectomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Carga Tumoral , Isquemia QuenteRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of choline measurements by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MR spectroscopy) for diagnosis of renal masses. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with 29 renal lesions underwent prospectively preoperative 3 T MR spectroscopy of renal masses before diagnostic tissue confirmation. A respiratory-triggered single-voxel MR spectroscopy was performed in these masses using the point-resolved spectroscopy (TR, 2,000 ms, TE, 135 ms) sequence. The spectra were analyzed for choline resonances at 3.23 ppm, which were normalized by the noise outside the diagnostic range of the spectra. Image and spectra analyses were conducted blinded to all patient-related data. Histological results of the surgical resection or image-guided biopsy specimen were defined as the standard of reference. Appropriate statistical tests were used. RESULTS: Seventeen lesions were histopathologically malignant, and 12 lesions were benign. Mean choline SNR in malignant lesions was 2.9 and 1.33 in benign lesions (P = 0.019). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.721 and SE 0.0763 with a P value of 0.0038. A Cho SNR ≥2 as cutoff for malignancy resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 52.9 % (95 % CI 27.8-77.0 %) and 91.7 % (61.5-99.8 %), respectively. Although not significant, choline was observed more regularly in G3 (4 out of 5) compared with G2 (5 out of 12) RCC (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We could demonstrate the potential role of in vivo MR spectroscopy as a tool for differentiating benign from malignant masses with a high positive predictive value of 90 %. Furthermore, choline may be a biomarker of RCC aggressiveness.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Renais/metabolismo , Colina/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROCRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Controversy regarding cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of elderly and very elderly patients with muscle-invasive, non-metastatic, urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) vs radiotherapy (RT) still exists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the 2004-2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 2663 UCUB patients aged 75-79 (1808 RC vs 855 RT) and 3569 UCUB patients aged 80-89 (1551 RC vs 2018 RT). After stratification for concomitant chemotherapy, propensity score matching (PSM) between RC and RT was applied and competing-risks regression models addressed CSM and OCM. RESULTS: In the cohort aged 75-79, five-year CSM rates were 22.0 vs 49.0% for RC only vs RT only and yielded a HR of 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.57, p<0.001) favoring RC only. Five-year CSM rates were 28.3 vs 44.3% for RC with chemotherapy vs trimodal therapy (TMT) and yielded a HR of 0.48 (95% CI 0.35-0.65, p<0.001) favoring RC with chemotherapy. In the cohort aged 80-89, five-year CSM rates were 24.2 vs 48.9% for RC only vs RT only and yielded a HR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.33-0.52, p<0.001) favoring RC only. Five-year CSM rates were 19.6 vs 43.2% for RC with chemotherapy vs TMT and yielded a HR of 0.43 (95% CI 0.28-0.67, p<0.001) favoring RC with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly and very elderly patients, radical cystectomy is associated with virtually half the CSM rate than radiotherapy, regardless of concomitant chemotherapy administration.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/cirurgia , Cistectomia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programa de SEER , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgiaRESUMO
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour is the initial, most critical step in the management of bladder cancer; as such, this is a call to arms for the urological community to it the due diligence it deserves regarding technology and training.
Assuntos
Cistectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Tecnologia Biomédica , Humanos , UretraRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men over 50 years of age. Bone scintigraphy is still performed in many institutions at the time of primary diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the role of bone scan in the primary staging of PC in regard of different risk groups. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of bone scans in 296 patients (mean age 64±6 y) acquired at the time of primary diagnosis was performed in our institution. The median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 6.73 ng/ml, all patients had a Gleason score of >5. RESULTS: Only 11/296 patients had a positive bone scan, 1 being in the intermediate risk group, 10 in the high-risk group and none in the low-risk group according to D'Amico classification. CONCLUSION: Our results support the few published studies that less than 10% of patients with newly diagnosed PC by biopsy would develop bone metastasis, all in the intermediate or high-risk groups. Therefore, a staging by bone scan can only be recommended in patients with intermediate or high-risk, or symptomatic patients only.
RESUMO
CONTEXT: Variant histology of muscle-invasive (MIBC) and metastatic (mBC) bladder cancer may define the cancer treatment modality and oncological outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic effect and impact of therapy of urothelial and nonurothelial histological variants on the oncological outcomes of MIBC and mBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trial databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched. Patients with histological variants of MIBC or/and mBC from prospective and retrospective comparative studies and single-arm case series published after the year of 2000 were included. Treatment outcomes (overall, recurrence-free, and disease-specific survival) were extracted and reported. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The search yielded 2450 unique articles, of which 41 articles involving a total of 27 672 patients with histological variants were included. Twenty-eight studies had a comparative study design. Two different study settings were seen: large database studies without centralised pathological review and small series with re-review by uropathologists. Although most of the histological variants show similar oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC), signet ring cell, spindle cell, and neuroendocrine tumours showed inferior survival compared with pure urothelial bladder cancer (PUC). Owing to potential misleading interpretations and reporting as well as large heterogeneity between studies, a narrative synthesis approach instead of subgroup analyses was used. Most studies had a moderate RoB. CONCLUSIONS: The data about prognosis and treatment of the variant histology are still immature and assessed mostly in cystectomy patients. Based on this systematic review, all patients with MIBC should be treated with RC. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be beneficial for patients with micropapillary, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, and mixed variants, and especially for patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Metastatic bladder cancer should be treated as PUC. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this report, we looked at the prognosis and treatment of different bladder cancer histologies. We found that outcomes varied with divergent histologies and appropriate treatment should be based on the histological finding.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/fisiopatologia , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidadeRESUMO
CONTEXT: Most series have suggested better perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) over open RNU. However, the oncological safety of laparoscopic RNU remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review all relevant literature comparing oncological outcomes of open versus laparoscopic RNU. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature search using the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases and clinicaltrial.gov was performed in December 2014 and updated in August 2016. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective or retrospective nonrandomised comparative studies comparing the oncological outcomes of any laparoscopic RNU with those of open RNU were included. The primary outcome was cancer-specific survival. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB tools. A narrative synthesis of the evidence is presented. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Overall, 42 studies were included, which accounted for 7554 patients: 4925 in the open groups and 2629 in the laparoscopic groups. Most included studies were retrospective comparative series. Only one RCT was found. RoB and confounding were high in most studies. No study compared the oncological outcomes of robotic RNU with those of open RNU. Bladder cuff excision in laparoscopic groups was performed via an open approach in most studies, with only three studies reporting laparoscopic removal of the bladder cuff. Port-site metastasis rates ranged from 0% to 2.8%. No significant difference in oncological outcomes was reported in most series. However, three studies, including the only RCT, reported significantly poorer oncological outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic RNU, especially in the subgroups of patients with locally advanced (pT3/pT4) or high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), as well as in instances when the bladder cuff was excised laparoscopically. CONCLUSIONS: The current available evidence suggests that the oncological outcomes of laparoscopic RNU may be poorer than those of open RNU when bladder cuff is excised laparoscopically and in patients with locally advanced high-risk (pT3/pT4 and/or high-grade) UTUC. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed the literature comparing the outcomes of two different surgical procedures for the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Open radical nephroureterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the kidney is removed through a large incision in the abdomen, while in laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy, the kidney is removed through a number of small incisions. Our findings suggest that the outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy may be poorer than those of open radical nephroureterectomy, particularly when the bladder cuff is also required to be removed. Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy may also be less effective in patients with locally advanced (pT3/pT4) or high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinomas.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Nefroureterectomia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Ureterais/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Nefroureterectomia/métodos , Período Perioperatório , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Ureterais/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Urologia/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) undergo rigorous surveillance for recurrence. Noninvasive urine tests are not currently recommended by guideline panels owing to insufficient clinical benefit. The objective of this study was to prospectively compare the performance of the Cxbladder Monitor test to other commonly available urine markers and cytology for surveillance of patients with UC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 1,036 urine samples were collected from 803 patients undergoing surveillance for UC. Of these, 1,016 samples were directly assessed using cytology, NMP22 Bladderchek and NMP22 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the clinically validated Cxbladder Monitor test. An exploratory analysis was also performed comparing data from 157 samples where UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed locally. RESULTS: The sensitivity of Cxbladder Monitor (0.91) significantly outperformed cytology (0.22), NMP22 ELISA (0.26), and NMP22 BladderChek (0.11). The negative predictive value of Cxbladder Monitor was also superior at 0.96 compared with cytology (0.87), NMP22 ELISA (0.87), and NMP22 BladderChek (0.86). All false-negative results (n = 14) observed using Cxbladder Monitor were also negative for cytology, NMP22 ELISA, and NMP22 BladderChek. In the more limited set, UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization also had inferior sensitivity (0.33) and negative predictive value (0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The Cxbladder Monitor test significantly outperforms current Food and Drug Administration-approved urine-based monitoring tests, as well as cytology, in a large representative population undergoing surveillance for recurrent UC. This supports using Cxbladder Monitor as a confirmatory negative adjunct to cystoscopy or to justify postponing cystoscopic investigations in patients with a low risk of recurrence.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/urina , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/urina , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/urina , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/urina , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In men with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), medical treatment usually represents the first line. We examined the patterns of medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the Montreal metropolitan area, within the context of a case control study focusing on incident prostate cancer. METHODS: Cases were 1933 men with incident prostate cancer. Population controls included 1994 age-matched men. In-person interviews collected sociodemographic characteristics and medical history, including BPH diagnosis, its duration, and type of medical treatment received. Baseline characteristics were compared by the chi-square likelihood test for categorical variables and by the students t-test for continuously coded variables. RESULTS: Overall, 1120 participants had history of BPH; of those 53.7% received medical treatment for BPH. Individuals with medically treated BPH, compared to individuals with medically untreated BPH, were older at index date [mean: 66.9 vs. 64.9 years, p<0.001)] and at diagnosis of BPH [mean: 62.3 vs. 60.3 years, p<0.001]. They also had a longer duration of BPH-history [mean: 4.7 vs. 4.0 years, p=0.02]. Regarding medical treatment, mono-therapy was more often used than combination therapy [87.6% vs. 12.4%, p<0.001]. Alpha-blockers (69.9%) were most commonly used as monotherapy, followed by 5alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) (26.6%). Alpha-blockers plus 5ARIs were the most common combination therapy (97.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite evidence from randomized, controlled trials for better efficacy with use of combination therapy, monotherapy consisting of alpha-blockers or 5ARI, in that order, is most frequently used. Additionally, 5ARI use was more common than previously reported (27% vs. 15%).
RESUMO
RATIONALE: Assessment of patients with asymptomatic microhematuria (aMh) has been a challenge to urologists for decades. The aMh is a condition with a high prevalence in the general population and also an established diagnostic indicator of bladder cancer. Acknowledging aMh needs to be assessed within a complex context, multiple guidelines have been developed to identify individuals at high risk of being diagnosed with bladder cancer. MATERIAL & METHODS: This structured review and consensus of the International Bladder Cancer Network (IBCN) identified and examined 9 major guidelines. These recommendations are partly based on findings from a long-term study on the effects of home dipstick testing, but also on the assumption that early detection of malignancy might be beneficial. RESULTS: Despite similar designs, these guidelines differ in a variety of parameters including definition of aMh, rating of risks, use of imaging modalities, and the role of urine cytology. In addition, recommendations for further follow-up after negative initial assessment are controversial. In this review, different aspects for aMh assessment are analyzed based upon the evidence currently available. DISCUSSION: We question whether adherence to the complicated algorithms as recommended by most guidelines is practical for routine use. Based upon a consensus, the authors postulate a need for better tools. New concepts for risk assessment permitting improved risk stratification and prepone cystoscopy before refined imaging procedures (computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging) are suggested.
Assuntos
Hematúria/diagnóstico por imagem , Hematúria/epidemiologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Avaliação de Sintomas/normas , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia , Doenças Assintomáticas , Biomarcadores/urina , Consenso , Cistoscopia , Hematúria/patologia , Hematúria/urina , Humanos , Prevalência , Medição de Risco/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/complicações , Urina/citologia , UrografiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) has a high propensity for progression. It is usually reported within the heterogeneous context of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) but warrants special consideration. OBJECTIVE: To review the contemporary literature on the diagnosis and management of CIS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search using broad terms to capture the diagnosis and treatment of CIS was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis criteria. Full-text original articles, reviews, and editorials from 1966 to 2014 in English were included. References from selected articles, relevant guidelines, and conference abstracts were searched. Abstracts were excluded. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 1887 articles were identified, of which 120 were used in this review. Most reports were retrospective and heterogeneous in caseload. There is a lack of standardised classification of CIS. Many studies consider CIS in the context of NMIBC without a clear separation of the subset with CIS. Recent prospective phase 2 and 3 studies have improved the evidence base. CONCLUSIONS: We are beginning to understand that CIS has a spectrum of biologic potential. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy appears superior to other intravesical agents and may alter the natural history of CIS. New imaging modalities, agents, and treatment strategies have emerged in recent years with the aim of better identification of CIS, more bladder-preserving treatments, and prevention of surgical overtreatment. PATIENT SUMMARY: Improvements in imaging techniques combined with new bladder-preserving treatments will continue to have an impact on the outcomes of bladder carcinoma in situ.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma in Situ/terapia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/terapia , Sistema Urinário/patologia , Neoplasias Urológicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Urológicas/terapia , Administração Intravesical , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imagem Multimodal , Resultado do Tratamento , Sistema Urinário/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To improve the definition of pressure-flow study cutoff values for anatomic female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by comparing these parameters in women with clinical obstruction with those of normal controls. METHODS: In the past 3 years, 82 consecutive women with clinical anatomic BOO were investigated according to an institutional review board-approved protocol that included imaging and urodynamic studies. The data from these women were then added to those of our previously published cohort of 87 patients. The controls were 20 female volunteers without any urologic complaints and without a history of bladder or urethral surgery who had undergone a urodynamic study. Three groups of women with BOO were identified in the most recent cohort: 20 with Stage III-IV cystocele, 23 who had undergone previous anti-incontinence surgery, and 39 with distal periurethral fibrosis or stricture. The optimal combination of the maximal flow rate (Qmax) and detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (PdetQmax) for determining BOO was calculated using nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curves for the entire cohort of 169 women with obstruction. RESULTS: Age, Qmax, and PdetQmax were similar among the three BOO groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for BOO was 0.762 for Qmax (95% confidence interval 0.661 to 0.864, P <0.001) and 0.721 for PdetQmax (95% confidence interval 0.617 to 0.824, P <0.001). After adjusting for the effect of age, PdetQmax (P <0.001) and Qmax (P <0.011) were independently associated with BOO. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for age and using normal controls rather than an incontinent control population, we present pressure-flow study cutoff values to aid in the urodynamic study diagnosis of women with anatomic BOO.