Multiscale Chirping Modes Driven by Thermal Ions in a Plasma with Reactor-Relevant Ion Temperature.

A thermal ion driven bursting instability with rapid frequency chirping, considered as an Alfvénic ion temperature gradient mode, has been observed in plasmas having reactor-relevant temperature in the DIII-D tokamak. The modes are excited over a wide spatial range from macroscopic device size to microturbulence size and the perturbation energy propagates across multiple spatial scales. The radial mode structure is able to expand from local to global in ∼0.1 ms and it causes magnetic topology changes in the plasma edge, which can lead to a minor disruption event. Since the mode is typically observed in the high ion temperature ≳10 keV and high-ß plasma regime, the manifestation of the mode in future reactors should be studied with development of mitigation strategies, if needed. This is the first observation of destabilization of the Alfvén continuum caused by the compressibility of ions with reactor-relevant ion temperature.

Visualization of Fast Ion Phase-Space Flow Driven by Alfvén Instabilities.

Fast ion phase-space flow, driven by Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs), is measured by an imaging neutral particle analyzer in the DIII-D tokamak. The flow firstly appears near the minimum safety factor at the injection energy of neutral beams, and then moves radially inward and outward by gaining and losing energy, respectively. The flow trajectories in phase space align well with the intersection lines of the constant magnetic moment surfaces and constant E-(ω/n)P_{ζ} surfaces, where E, P_{ζ} are the energy and canonical toroidal momentum of ions; ω and n are angular frequencies and toroidal mode numbers of AEs. It is found that the flow is so destructive that the thermalization of fast ions is no longer observed in regions of strong interaction. The measured phase-space flow is consistent with nonlinear hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamics simulation. Calculations of the relatively narrow phase-space islands reveal that fast ions must transition between different flow trajectories to experience large-scale phase-space transport.

Relativistic calculations of neutron and gamma-ray spectra from beam-target reactions in magnetized plasmas.

We present a fully relativistic analytical model for calculating synthetic spectra from beam-target fusion reactions. When the target particle is assumed at rest, Monte Carlo sampling of reactant velocities can be avoided, and spectrum computations are considerably faster. A fully analytical treatment additionally gives more insight into the spectrum formation. The fully relativistic formulation now makes it possible to handle massless particles in the model, for example from one-step gamma-ray reactions, and the results are corroborated by simulations from established codes.

Conceptual design of the ITER fast-ion loss detector.

A conceptual design of a reciprocating fast-ion loss detector for ITER has been developed and is presented here. Fast-ion orbit simulations in a 3D magnetic equilibrium and up-to-date first wall have been carried out to revise the measurement requirements for the lost alpha monitor in ITER. In agreement with recent observations, the simulations presented here suggest that a pitch-angle resolution of ∼5° might be necessary to identify the loss mechanisms. Synthetic measurements including realistic lost alpha-particle as well as neutron and gamma fluxes predict scintillator signal-to-noise levels measurable with standard light acquisition systems with the detector aperture at ∼11 cm outside of the diagnostic first wall. At measurement position, heat load on detector head is comparable to that in present devices.