Determine safety of outpatient chemotherapy and autotransplants using refrigerated, non-frozen grafts in persons with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Persons with multiple sclerosis are increasingly treated with intermediate- or high-dose chemotherapy and a hematopoietic cell autotransplant. This is often done in an inpatient setting using frozen blood cell grafts. OBJECTIVE: Determine if chemotherapy and a hematopoietic cell autotransplant can be safely done in an outpatient setting using refrigerated, non-frozen grafts. METHODS: We developed an autotransplant protocol actionable in an outpatient setting using a refrigerated, non-frozen blood graft collected after giving cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/d × 2 days and filgrastim, 10 µg/kg/d. A second identical course was given 9 days later followed by infusion of blood cells stored at 4°C for 1-4 days. The co-primary outcomes were rates of granulocyte and platelet recovery and therapy-related mortality. RESULTS: We treated 426 consecutive subjects. Median age was 47 years (range, 21-68 years). A total of 145 (34%) were male. Median graft refrigeration time was 1 day (range, 1-4 days). Median interval to granulocytes >0.5 × 10E + 9/L was 8 days (range, 2-12) and to platelets >20 × 10E + 9/L, 8 days (range, 1-12). Only 15 subjects (4%) were hospitalized, predominately for iatrogenic pneumothorax (N = 5) and neutropenic fever (N = 4). There was only 1 early death from infection. CONCLUSION: Intermediate-dose chemotherapy and a hematopoietic cell autotransplant can be safely done in an outpatient setting using, refrigerated, non-frozen grafts.

Metabolic Changes in Children that Received Chemotherapy.

Cancer treatments are associated with short and long-effects. Epidemiological reports have revealed clinical features of metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity or overweight in young cancer survivors. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of unhealthy weight status and risk factors associated with MS related to chemotherapy. We study 52 pediatric cancer patients and analyze cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), FINDRISC test. All the parameters were analyzed according to the percentile corresponding to sex and age of each child. The data show an important modification in weight, body mass index, and WC as in triglycerides, and cholesterol that could be associated with the development of MS. The variance analysis showed that the WC, triglycerides, and cholesterol are statistically correlated in our population. A follow-up for MS in children cancer survivor should be considered necessary.

P-glycoprotein Activity Correlates With Treatment Response in 2 Leukemia Child Patients.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most important childhood cancer. Multidrug resistance is an important factor of poor prognosis. We present the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in 2 patients with different outcomes. Both patients had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; they were responding properly to the treatment, but one of them had an increment in the P-gp activity that correlates with an increment in the disease manifestation, the patient had to be hospitalized and developed sepsis and subsequently died. P-gp levels were correlated with disease progression. P-gp activity needs to be evaluated during treatment to assess and prevent disease relapse or the patient´s death.

Outcome of Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants Who Require Intensive Care Unit Support: A Single Institution Experience.

Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a patient who has been grafted with hematopoietic stem cells is a serious event, but the role of the ICU in this setting remains controversial. Data were analyzed from patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation at the Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, México, between May 1993 and October 2014. In total, 339 patients were grafted: 150 autografts and 189 allografts; 68 of the grafted patients (20%) were admitted to the ICU after transplantation: 27% of the allografted and 11% of the autografted patients (p = 0.2). Two of 17 autografted patients (12%) and 5 of 51 allografted patients (10%) survived. All patients who required insertion of an endotracheal tube died, whereas 7 of 11 patients without invasive mechanical ventilation survived (p = 0.001). Only 10% of the grafted patients survived their stay in the ICU; this figure is lower than those reported from other centers and may reflect several facts, varying from the quality of the ICU support to ICU admission criteria to the initial management of all the grafts in an outpatient setting, which could somehow delay the arrival of patients to the hospital.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a 12-year-old girl: a review article and case report.

BACKGROUND: The Sertoli and Leydig cell tumor is an unusual neoplasm that belongs to the sex cord-stromal tumors. Generally these tumors are associated with good prognosis. These tumors usually present virilizing symptoms such as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hirsutism, voice raucity, laryngeal protuberance and clitoromegaly. CASE PRESENTATION: A 12 year old girl referred acute abdominal pain with no other clinical manifestations. An abdominal ultrasound showed a semisolid mass suggestive of ovarian tumor. The diagnosis was confirmed by a computed tomography. A unilateral salpingo oophorectomy was performed and the pathologist reported a Sertoli-Leydig tumor with intermediate differentiation. The outcome was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: These tumors represent a rare condition in children. However, they can occur at any age, therefore it is important to acknowledge the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach and therapeutic options. In this case the patient presented unusual symptoms which makes it more interesting.

Primovist® (Gadotrexate disodium) magnetic resonance use in benign and malignant kidney diagnosis. / Uso de la resonancia magnetica con Primovist® (Gadotrexate disodio) para diagnostico de lesiones renales benignas y malignas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the contrast images obtained with a Primovist® (gadoxetate disodium) Magnetic Resonance Image in order to diagnose benign, malignant and malformations in the urinary tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective image and diagnosis review of Primovist® MRI studies performed in liver insufficient patients without apparent renal abnormalities was done, in order to evaluate the urinary tract for irregularities. RESULTS: A total of 117 Primovist® MRI studies performed between july 2014 and November 2018 were reviewed, 5 were excluded because they were incomplete. The average age was 59.6 ± 16.6 years old. The following diagnosis were encountered: 36 simple cysts, 6 perirenal fibrosis after pyelonephritis, 1 renal cancer, 1 renal atrophy, 1 proximal uretheric flexure, 1 bilateral hydronephrosis due to lower urinary obstruction because of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 1 complex cyst. No MRI study was indicated with suspicions of renal abnormalities. Relevant images are included that demonstrate the capability of Primovist® MRI to diagnose renal abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Even though none of the Primovist® MRI studies was done with suspicious of renal abnormalities it was possible to diagnose incidental benign, malignant and malformations of the urinary tract. This study shows how Primovist® MRI can be useful contrast study for urinary tract irregularities.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de las imágenes contrastadas del tracto urinario que permitan diagnosticar patologías benignas, malignas y malformaciones con el uso de una resonancia magnética contrastada con Primovist® (gadoxetato disodio). MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se realizó una revisión de las imágenes y diagnósticos del servicio de radiología de manera retrospectiva de pacientes con una resonancia magnética contrastada con Primovist® por padecer insuficiencia hepática sin aparente patología urinaria, con el objeto de buscar diagnósticos incidentales en el tracto urinario superior e inferior. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron durante el periodo de julio del 2014 a noviembre del 2018, 117 estudios, se excluyeron 5 por no contar con el estudio completo para su revaloración. La edad promedio fue de 59,6±16,6 años. Se encontraron 48 anormalidades urinarias sin previa sospecha diagnóstica por lo que fueron considerados como incidentales. A continuación se enumeran los hallazgos renales diagnosticados: 36 quistes simples, 6 cambios perirenales compatibles con secuelas de pielonefritis, 1 cáncer renal, 1 hipotrofia renal, 1 angulación funcional del uréter proximal sin cruce vascular con pelvis extrarenal contralateral, 1 hidronefrosis bilateral secundaria a obstrucción vesical por hiperplasia prostática y 1 quiste complejo. Ningún estudio se indicó por sospecha de anormalidades del tracto urinario. CONCLUSIONES: Aun cuando no era la indicación del estudio de resonancia, fue posible encontrar algunas patologías renales como hallazgos que incluyeron patología benigna, maligna y malformaciones, demostrando que la resonancia magnética con Primovist® se podría realizar como estudio contrastado para patologías renales.

Microorganisms associated to thyroid autoimmunity.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are a group of diseases characterized by a dysfunction of the immune system concerning the thyroid gland, associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland autoimmunity has been recognized as multifactorial. It has been reported that microorganisms may play a role on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves´ disease. These could explain the high incidence of the autoimmune thyroid diseases. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the microorganisms in which the association with autoimmune thyroid diseases is clearer. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are still not well defined. For H. pylori, molecular mimicry has been the most accepted mechanism. It has been proposed Hepatitis C virus as the trigger of the thyroid autoimmunity by exacerbating the production of thyroid auto-antibodies, while some mention that the real factor that triggers the thyroid autoimmunity is the treatment with Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) by upregulating MHC class I and inducing ligation of CD40+ cells to thyrocytes. Other microorganisms such as Toxoplasma gondii, Human Immunodeficiency virus, Herpes virus and others have reported information about their association with thyroid autoimmune diseases There are no proposals on how these last microorganisms induce thyroid autoimmunity. There is still a lack of evidence on this topic. Further research must be done to determine the interaction of these microorganisms and the best way to manage these patients.

Misinformation of COVID-19 on the Internet: Infodemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: The internet has become an important source of health information for users worldwide. The novel coronavirus caused a pandemic search for information with broad dissemination of false or misleading health information. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and readability of online information about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was a trending topic on the internet, using validated instruments and relating the quality of information to its readability. METHODS: The search was based on the term "Wuhan Coronavirus" on the Google website (February 6, 2020). At the search time, the terms "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) did not exist. Critical analysis was performed on the first 110 hits using the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, the DISCERN instrument, and Google ranking. RESULTS: The first 110 websites were critically analyzed, and only 1.8% (n=2) of the websites had the HONcode seal. The JAMA benchmark showed that 39.1% (n=43) of the websites did not have any of the categories required by this tool, and only 10.0% (11/110) of the websites had the four quality criteria required by JAMA. The DISCERN score showed that 70.0% (n=77) of the websites were evaluated as having a low score and none were rated as having a high score. CONCLUSIONS: Nonhealth personnel and the scientific community need to be aware about the quality of the information they read and produce, respectively. The Wuhan coronavirus health crisis misinformation was produced by the media, and the misinformation was obtained by users from the internet. The use of the internet has a risk to public health, and, in cases like this, the governments should be developing strategies to regulate health information on the internet without censuring the population. By February 6, 2020, no quality information was available on the internet about COVID-19.

Osteoporosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

In recent years the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has increased markedly. Consequently, long-term complications, such as osteoporosis, are currently of paramount importance. SLE is known to increase the risk of bone fractures, and numerous studies have found that SLE patients have osteoporosis. Of the various risk factors associated with osteoporosis in SLE, disease duration, the use of corticosteroids and chronic disease-related damage are consistently reported, with differences between studies probably due to the different populations studied. The role of chronic inflammation in osteoporosis is also important. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to osteoporotic fractures, especially of the vertebra, which are associated with reduced quality of life, increased mortality rates and increased risk of new vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in the general population.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in Latin American mestizo patients: clinical and immunologic characteristics and comparison with European patients.

A great variety of clinical and immunological features have been described in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but information on their prevalence and characteristics in Latin American mestizo patients with the primary APS is scarce. To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of the main clinical and immunological manifestations in a cohort of patients with primary APS of mestizo origin from Latin America and to compare them with the European white patients, clinical and serological characteristics of 100 patients with primary APS from Colombia, Mexico, and Ecuador were collected in a protocol form that was identical to that used to study the "Euro-Phospholipid" cohort. The cohort consisted of 92 female patients (92.0%) and eight (8.0%) male patients. They were all mestizos. The most common manifestations were deep vein thrombosis (DVT; 23.0%), livedo reticularis (18.0%), migraine (18.0%), and stroke (18.0%). The most common pregnancy morbidity was early pregnancy losses (54.1% of pregnancies). Several clinical manifestations were more prevalent in the Latin American mestizo than in the European patients (transient global amnesia, pulmonary microthrombosis, arthralgias, and early pregnancy losses) and vice-versa (DVT, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and thrombocytopenia). Latin American mestizo patients with primary APS have a wide variety of clinical and immunological manifestations with several differences in their prevalence in comparison with European white patients.

An unusual multiplex systemic lupus erythematosus family with high prevalence of nephropathy, late-onset disease, and one member with disease-onset post-HIV therapy.

In the present study, we report the clinical characteristics of a unique systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) multiplex family with 6 of its members affected by the disease, 1 of them being male. Four patients showed nephropathy, 2 of them with late-onset SLE (52 and 55-year-old), one with cutaneous and articular involvement, and another one developing lupus after 5 years undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Notwithstanding the genetic load, the fact that 2 patients showed late-onset disease, and the extreme delay of the appearance of SLE after HAART in the proband suggest that not only genetic, but other--mainly environmental--factors are necessarily required for the development of SLE.

MCP-1, RANTES, and SDF-1 polymorphisms in Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Chemokines and cytokines play an important role in the inflammatory development and progression of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of MCP-1, SDF-1, and RANTES polymorphisms as susceptibility markers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a group of Mexican patients. MCP-1-2518, SDF-1 G801A, and RANTES-28 polymorphisms were determined in 242 patients with SLE and 220 ethnically matched healthy controls by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The differences between patients and healthy controls were evaluated by chi(2), Fisher's exact test, and Woolf method for odds ratio. A moderately increased frequency of MCP-1-2518 A allele (p = 0.033, pC = NS) and AA genotype (p = 0.017, pC = NS) existed in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. There was a relationship between polymorphisms and some clinical and laboratory characteristics. SLE patients with and without antiphospholipid syndrome demonstrated different distribution of SDF-1 G801A genotype frequencies. On the other hand, patients with leukopenia, anti-dsDNA, and antiphospholipid autoantibodies demonstrated different MCP-1-2518 genotype distribution compared with patients without these features. Our results suggest that MCP-1 polymorphism is moderately associated with the genetic susceptibility to SLE in Mexican individuals. The polymorphisms could be related to specific clinical and laboratory characteristics in these patients.

Association between polymorphisms of the androgen and vitamin D receptor genes with prostate cancer risk in a Mexican population.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a worldwide health issue, because of its high incidence and mortality. Its etiology is complex and includes certain risk factors such as age, hormonal status, ethnic origin and family history of PCa. Genetic predisposition is proposed as a major risk factor and there are several controversial reports on the association of PCa and gene polymorphism such as the receptors of the androgen receptor (AR) and the vitamin D (VDR). Objective. To evaluate the CAG triplet repeats in the first exon of the AR and polymorphisms in the restriction site Taql in the VDR in Mexicans with PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 68 Mexicans with histopathological diagnosis of PCa and 48 healthy Mexican with normal prostate-specific antigen and rectal exam where included. 10ml of peripheral blood were extracted to isolate DNA and the polymorphisms were evaluated with specific primers for the AR and VDR. RESULTS: The allelic and genetic distributions of the AR and VDR polymorphisms were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and there were no statistical differences between the PCa patients and controls (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistical difference between the number of CAG repeats in younger patients with PCa compared to controls (p = 0.045) but when the young patient group was compared versus the elder group there was not stadistically difference (p = 0.085), but the results showed a tendency towards less repetitions of CAG in elder patients. Concerning the VDR, when we analyzed the patients with PCa and a bad pathological prognosis they had a less frequent genotype of TT (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an association between the VDR and AR gene polymorphisms, and the histopathological score and age at diagnosis in Mexican patients with PCa, respectively. However, it is important to confirm these results in a larger scale study.

Development of Metabolic Syndrome Associated to Cancer Therapy: Review.

Long-term childhood cancer survivors are at great risk of developing late adverse effects after treatment, such as, reduced growth, obesity, decreased fertility, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, impaired glucose, another form of cancer, among others organ dysfunctions, some of them are part of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome and cancer connection is still not entirely understood, but there are some notions about it. Metabolic alterations produced during childhood cancer are more likely determined by treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, glucocorticoids therapy, and surgery. Cancer treatment is associated to vascular alterations, hormone deficiencies, changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory mediators. Obesity has been considered a crucial component in metabolic syndrome; obesity risk factors during childhood cancer include cranial radiation, female gender, and exposure to glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone. In addition, local radiotherapy or surgery may cause endocrine deficiencies, depends on the directly damage of endocrine organs. Patients who received some types of cancer treatment should be evaluated periodically to early diagnostic metabolic disorders associated to antineoplastic therapy.

Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg levels in umbilical cord blood in preeclampsia.

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal mortality. During pregnancy, the immune system must maintain the tolerance to the fetus, thus changes in the cytokine balance may result in a disturbed pregnancy. T helper cells play an important role in modulation of the immune system and are involved in this cytokine balance. OBJECTIVE: Many studies have been performed to study the T cell composition in different compartments during pregnancy, although this is the first study in which T cells are evaluated in umbilical cord blood. STUDY DESIGN: Intracellular expression of INF-gamma, IL-17, IL-4 and forkhead foxP3 in CD4+ T cells was evaluated in umbilical blood from healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women using a flow cytometer. RESULTS: Th2 and Treg cells levels were significantly diminished in preeclamptic compared to the healthy women, but no difference in Th1 and Th17 levels were found between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the cytokine balance is broken, encouraging the development of an exacerbated inflammatory response. Our results show that there is a shift, in the Th1/Th2, and the Th17/Treg balance, favoring skewness towards a proinflammatory status in the umbilical cord blood in preeclampsia.

Human leukocyte antigen class I, class II, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms in a healthy elder Mexican Mestizo population.

BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence that an individual's genetic background is an important predisposing factor to longevity. In the present study we analysed the frequency of HLA class I, class II, as well as the TNF-alpha -308 polymorphism that may be related to an increased life span in Mexican Mestizo healthy elders. RESULTS: HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR SSO) reverse dot blot. The TNF-alpha -308 polymorphism was assessed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. A significant increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 was found in elderly women whereas this allele was not present in elderly males. The TNF2 allele was also increased in the elder group when compared to young controls. The frequencies of the remaining alleles tested were not statistically different among groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest an ethnicity independent tendency of HLA-DRB1*11 in elder females to increase life span and a possible role of the TNF2 allele with the successful remodelling of senescent immune system.

P-glycoprotein in autoimmune diseases.

Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) is characterized by overfunction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a pump molecule that decreases intracellular drug concentration by effluxing them from the intracellular space. Broad ranges of structurally unrelated compounds are transported by P-gp, including antineoplastic agents, HIV protease inhibitors, prednisone, gold salts, methotrexate, colchicine as well as several antibiotics. In contrast, many other compounds such as calcium channel blockers (verapamil) and immunosupressors (cyclosporine-A) are able to inhibit P-gp function. The P-gp role in therapeutic failures has been extensively studied in cancer; however, there is little information regarding MDR-1 phenotype in autoimmune disorders. It has been reported that an increased number of lymphocytes are able to extrude P-gp substrates in rheumatoid arthritis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus, the patients with poor response to treatment being the ones that exhibit the highest values. This may be due, at least in part, to a simultaneous long-term usage of several drugs that induce P-gp function. Since abnormally activated cell compartments characterize autoimmune diseases, it is possible that those cells are the ones that exhibit drug resistance. The study of drug resistance mechanisms in autoimmunity may be helpful for the optimization of the current therapeutic schemes through their combination with low doses of P-gp inhibitors.

Class I and class II MHC polymorphisms in Mexican patients with Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease is a multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The disease is more prevalent in Eastern Mediterranean countries and Japan where there is a linkage to HLA-B51. Mexican Mestizos are suitable subjects for studying the role of ethnicity in the susceptibility to Behçet's disease. High-resolution HLA class I and class II typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) reverse dot blot and PCR-single-strand polymorphism in 32 patients with Behçet's disease and 99 healthy ethnically-matched controls. A significant increased frequency of HLA-B(*)44 (P = 0.02; OR = 2.78; CI 95% = 1.1-7.7), HLA-B(*)52 (P = 0.02; OR = 5.33; CI 95% = 1.07-29.1), and HLA-B(*)56 (P = 0.003; OR = 4.19; CI 95% = 3.37-5.21) as well as HLA-DRB1(*)01 and HLA-DRB1(*)13 (p = 0.007; OR = 3.36; CI 95% = 1.22-9.27) was found in Mexican patients with Behçet's disease when compared to controls. The low frequency of native markers in Mexican Mestizo patients with Behçet's disease suggests that genetic admixture between Eastern Mediterraneans and Orientals with Amerindians is a recent event that increased the risk of developing Behçet's disease in the Mexican population.

A comprehensive review of urologic complications in patients with diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, as a result of abnormal insulin production, insulin function, or both. DM is associated with systemic complications, such as infections, neuropathy and angiopathy, which involve the genitourinary tract. The three most significant urologic complications include: bladder cystopathy, sexual dysfunction and urinary tract infections. Almost half of the patients with DM have bladder dysfunction or cystopathy, which can be manifested in women as hypersensitivity (in 39-61% of the diabetic women) or neurogenic bladder. In males it can be experienced as lower urinary tract symptoms (in 25% of diabetic males with a nearly twofold increased risk when seen by age groups). Additionally, an increased prostate volume affects their micturition as well as their urinary tract. Involving sexual dysfunction in women, it includes reduced libido, decreased arousal, clitoral erectile dysfunction and painful or non-sensitive intercourse; and in diabetic males it varies from low libido, ejaculatory abnormalities and erectile dysfunction. Globally, sexual disorders have a prevalence of 18-42%. Erectile dysfunction is ranked as the third most important complication of DM. Urinary tract infections are observed frequently in diabetic patients, and vary from emphysematous infections, Fournier gangrene, staghorn infected lithiasis to repetitive bacterial cystitis. The most frequent finding in diabetic women has been lower urinary tract infections. Because of the high incidence of obesity worldwide and its association with diabetes, it is very important to keep in mind the urologic complication associated with DM in patients, in order to better diagnose and treat this population.

Frequency of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and glucose intolerance in high-risk groups identified by a FINDRISC survey in Puebla City, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: As a first step in the prevention of diabetes, the International Diabetes Federation recommends identification of persons at risk using the Finnish type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment (FINDRISC) survey. The frequency of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and glucose intolerance in high-risk groups identified by FINDRISC is unknown in our country. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and glucose intolerance in higher-risk groups using a FINDRISC survey in an urban population. METHODS: We used a television program to invite interested adults to fill out a survey at a television station. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all persons with a FINDRISC score ≥ 15 points (high-risk and very high-risk groups). Patients were classified as normal (fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL and 2-hour glucose < 140 mg/dL), or having impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL and 2-hour glucose < 140 mg/dL), glucose intolerance (fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL and 2-hour glucose 140-199 mg/dL), and diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hour glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL). We describe the frequency of each diagnostic category in this selected population according to gender and age. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients had a score ≥ 15. The frequencies of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, glucose intolerance, and normal glucose levels were 28.6%, 25.9%, 29.2%, and 16.2%, respectively. We found a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in men than in women (33% versus 27% and 40% versus 21%, respectively) and more glucose intolerance in women than in men (34% versus 16%, P < 0.05). Patients with diabetes mellitus (52.55 ± 9.2 years) were older than those with impaired fasting glucose (46.19 ± 8.89 years), glucose intolerance (46.15 ± 10.9 years), and normal levels (41.9 ± 10.45 years, P < 0.05). We found a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus in those aged over 50 years than in younger subjects (46.15% versus 15.88%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The FINDRISC survey is a very useful tool for identifying individuals at high risk of developing diabetes and prediabetic states, especially in those older than 50 years.