RESUMO
The current epidemic of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in developing countries is described as being driven by socioeconomic inequalities. These populations have a greater vulnerability to cardiometabolic diseases due to the discrepancy between the maternal undernutrition and its consequence, low-birth weight progeny, and the subsequent modern lifestyles which are associated with socioeconomic and environmental changes that modify dietary habits, discourage physical activity and encourage sedentary behaviors. Maternal undernutrition can generate epigenetic modifications, with potential long-term consequences. Throughout life, people are faced with the challenge of adapting to changes in their environment, such as excessive intake of high energy density foods and sedentary behavior. However, a mismatch between conditions experienced during fetal programming and current environmental conditions will make adaptation difficult for them, and will increase their susceptibility to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. It is important to conduct research in the Latin American context, in order to define the best strategies to prevent the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases in the region.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Desnutrição/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Países em Desenvolvimento , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , América Latina , Estilo de Vida , Gravidez , Prevalência , Estados UnidosRESUMO
La hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, cuya forma proteinúrica es denominada preeclampsia (PE), es una alteración que ocurre en el segundo trimestre del embarazo, y se caracteriza por la presencia de hipertensión y proteinuria. Durante el embarazo normal ocurren cambios fisiológicos adaptativos que incluyen insulino-resistencia (IR), hiperlipidemia, hipercoagulabilidad, inflamación y un estado circulatorio hiperdinámico. Estos cambios se expresan de una forma exagerada en las mujeres que desarrollan PE, alteraciones que están presentes también en el clúster de factores de riesgo que conforman el denominado síndrome metabólico (SM), el cual es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). En la presente revisión proponemos que la disfunción endotelial es la alteración común que explica la presencia de estas dos enfermedades comunes en América Latina...
Pregnancy induced hypertension, called preeclampsia (PE) when accompanied by proteinuria, is an alteration that occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by presence of hypertension and proteinuria. Adaptative physiologic changes occur during normal pregnancy including insulin-resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, inflammation, and hyperdynamic circulatory status. Expression of these changes is exaggerated in women developing PE. These alterations are also present in the metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors cluster, which is in turn a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review endothelial dysfunction is proposed as a common alteration that explains the presence of these two common diseases in Latin America...