RESUMO
This study investigated the correlation of sPLA2 (secretory phospholipase A2) activity with the atheromatosis extent in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary angiography. We analyzed 123 patients, including 35 subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries (controls), 31 with mild/moderate atheromatosis (stenosis of 30-70% of the luminal diameter in one or more coronary arteries) and 57 with severe atheromatosis (>70% stenosis). Plasma sPLA2 activity was significantly higher in subjects with severe [127.7 U/ml (102.3-162.7); p < 0.0001] and mild/moderate [112.0 U/ml (100.6-146.9); p < 0.0001] atheromatosis than in controls [19.8 U/ml (15.1-32.1)]. In a multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, tabagism, hypertension, sedentarism, family history for coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and phospholipase A2, only sPLA2 was observed to be independently associated with severe CAD (>70% of stenosis) (p < 0.0001).
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/enzimologia , Fosfolipases A2 Secretórias/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) has been shown to modulate plasma triglyceride concentrations. The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has been implicated in cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis in humans and plays an important role in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypic distribution of the APOA5 -1131T>C and APOE polymorphisms and to identify the combined association of these variants between patients with and without severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). METHODS: We genotyped 96 individuals who had reached plasma TG concentrations of more than 10 mmol/L and 225 ischemic patients without severe HTG. RESULTS: Minor allele carriers were significantly more frequent in HTG group for all three polymorphisms (APOA5, APOE2 and APOE4). Adjusted individual risks for severe HTG were: APOA5 -1131C, OR=4.1 (95%CI:2.02-8.24); APOE2, OR=1.6 (95%CI:0.73-3.58); APOE4, OR=3.0 (95%CI:1.68-5.86). Adjusted risks for APOA5-APOE combinations were: APOA5 -1131C/APOE2, OR=45.2 (95%CI:4.92-415.5); APOA5 -1131C/APOE4, OR=6.4 (95%CI:2.28-18.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that APOA5 -1131T>C polymorphism is associated with risk for severe HTG. Furthermore, this effect is strongly increased when -1131C variant is combined with APOE variants.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas A/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Hipertrigliceridemia/genética , Mutação Puntual , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Apolipoproteína A-II/genética , Apolipoproteína A-II/metabolismo , Apolipoproteína A-V , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Apolipoproteína E4/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas A/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: APOE genotype has been shown to have an influence on lipid concentrations. However, its relation with response to lipid-lowering treatment is not well established. The aim of our work was to analyze whether this genotype is associated with changes in the lipid profile in response to statins treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 222 consecutive patients with acute ischemic episodes and subjected to treatment with statins were included in a retrospective study. The patients' lipid profile was determined at the first visit to the Lipids Unit and after one year on a statin regime. APOE genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP, and separated in three groups: E2 (E2 carriers), E4 (E4 carriers) and E3 (E3/E3). E2/E4 patients were not included in the study. RESULTS: Relative frequencies of alleles epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4 were 10.5%, 70.9% and 18.6% respectively. Significant differences among groups (p = 0.039) were observed for c-LDL concentrations. E2 group had lower c-LDL than E3 group (p = 0.017) and E4 group (p = 0.01). No significant differences in c-LDL, c-HDL and c-HDL/CT were observed among the three groups with regard to variation after statin treatment. CONCLUSION: APOE genotype does not significantly affect the lipid response in patients with acute ischemic episodes after statin treatment.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Miocárdica/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Impaired fibrinolysis may predispose to coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypofibrinolysis due to high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been reported in CAD. A novel regulator of fibrinolytic activity, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), has attracted attention in recent years. It acts by blocking the formation of a ternary complex of plasminogen, fibrin, and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Previously ambiguous results regarding TAFI levels have been reported in CAD. We measured plasma levels of PAI-1 and TAFI antigen in 123 patients with age ranging from 40 to 65 years who had been submitted to coronary angiography and assessed the association of these markers with the extent of stenosis in three groups: angiographically normal artery (NAn), mild to moderate atheromatosis (MA), and severe atheromatosis (SA). Plasma levels of PAI-1 were increased in patients with severe atheromatosis compared to mild/moderate atheromatosis or to normal patients (66.60, 40.50, and 34.90 ng/mL, resp.; P < 0.001). For TAFI no difference was found between different groups. When patients were grouped in only two groups based on clinical cut-off point for intervention (stenosis less than or above 70%) we found increased plasma levels for PAI-1 (37.55 and 66.60 ng/mL, resp.; P < 0.001) and decreased plasma levels for TAFI (5.20 and 4.53 µg/mL, resp.; P = 0.04) in patients with stenosis above 70%. No difference was found in PAI-1 or TAFI levels comparing the number of affected vessels. Conclusion. As evidenced by a raised level of PAI-1 antigen, one can suggest an impaired fibrinolysis in stable CAD, although no correlation with the number of affected vessels was found. Curiously, a decreased plasma level of total TAFI levels was observed in patients with stenosis above 70%. Further studies measuring functional TAFI are required in order to elucidate its association with the extent of degree of atheromatosis.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism may influence the PAI-1 expression. High plasma levels of PAI-1 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the influence of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism on plasma PAI-1 levels and its association with CAD assessed by coronary angiography. METHODS: Blood sample of 35 individuals with angiographically normal coronary arteries, 31 individuals presenting mild/moderate atheromatosis, 57 individuals presenting severe atheromatosis and 38 healthy individuals (controls) were evaluated. In patients and controls, the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using allele-specific primers. Plasma PAI-1 levels were quantified by ELISA assay (American Diagnostica). RESULTS: No difference was found between groups regarding age, gender and body mass index. Plasma PAI-1 levels and 4G/4G genotype frequency were significantly higher in the severe atheromatosis group compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, patients with 4G/4G genotype (r=0.28, p<0.001) had significantly higher plasma PAI-1 levels than those with 5G/5G genotype (r=0.02, p=0.4511). In addition, in a multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for all the other variables, PAI-1 was observed to be independently associated with CAD > 70% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The most important finding of this study was the association between 4G/4G genotype, high plasma PAI-1 levels and coronary stenosis higher than 70% in Brazilian individuals. Whether high plasma PAI-1 levels are a decisive factor for atherosclerosis worsening or it is a consequence remains to be established.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Estenose Coronária/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Estenose Coronária/sangue , Estenose Coronária/patologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients commonly present an increased risk for cardiovascular events, for which aspirin is the most frequently used medication for primary prevention. Urinary 11-dehydro thromboxane (11-dhTXB2) concentrations assess the effect of aspirin on platelets and identify patients who are at risk of cardiovascular events. The present study investigated whether or not type 2 diabetic patients who took a daily dose of 100mg of aspirin had a significant reduction in urinary 11-dhTXB2 concentrations and whether these results were associated with clinical and laboratory variables. METHODS: Eighty-one type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. Laboratory tests included the determination of lipidic profile, glycated hemoglobin, platelets count, molecular analysis for both GPIIbIIIa and COX-1 polymorphisms, and urinary 11-dhTXB2. RESULTS: Patients' median value for urinary 11-dhTXB2 before aspirin intake was 179 pg/mg of creatinine. After 15days taking aspirin, the patients presented median of 51 pg/mg of creatinine, thus revealing a significant difference between medians (p=0.00). A reduction of 95% in urinary 11-dhTXB2 concentrations could only be identified in 4 patients (5%). A BMI of ≥ 26 presented a significant association with a reduction of urinary 11-dhTXB2 concentrations (p=0.010), as shown by the multiple logistic regression model. Other clinical and laboratory variables showed no association. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the mechanisms related to aspirin non-responsiveness, most patients enrolled in the present study also presented a reduced or minimal response to low-dose aspirin therapy, thereby indicating a clear variability related to aspirin effectiveness. Moreover, BMI appears to be independently associated to the reduction of urinary 11-dhTXB2 concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients taking aspirin.
Assuntos
Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/urina , Tromboxano B2/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tromboxano B2/urinaRESUMO
Asymptomatic diabetic patients with different degrees of macrovascular complications can present different hemostatic changes. At this study, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and D-dimer were evaluated in 12 women without diabetes and 64 type 2 diabetic women. All patients were classified into 3 different categories according to the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) assessed by Doppler: 25 with <1 mm (normal), 15 with >1 mm and without plaque (intermediate), and 24 with stenosis lower than 50% of the vessel lumen (plaque). The results showed increased plasma D-dimer in type 2 diabetic women with carotid plaque when compared to the other groups. High levels of PAI-1 were observed in all the 3 groups of diabetic women when compared to women without diabetes. Our results suggest that high levels of PAI-1 in type 2 diabetic women are only associated with diabetes and are not associated with macrovascular progression; however, it seems that D-dimer plasma levels are associated with carotid plaque.
Assuntos
Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/análise , Trombofilia/sangue , Biomarcadores , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/sangue , Angiopatias Diabéticas/sangue , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/química , Glicosilação , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Trombofilia/etiologia , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy and one of the main causes of infertility in women. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between clinical hyperandrogenism assessed by modified Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) score and metabolic parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women. METHODS: This observational study included fifty Polycystic Ovary Syndrome subjects. Detailed information about body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC) were obtained from each subject. F-G score was applied to assess hirsutism through visual method. Serum levels of insulin, glucose and testosterone were measured. RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed between F-G score with body mass index, abdominal circumference and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity, mainly abdominal adipose tissue, and insulin levels correlate with hyperandrogenism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women, analyzed by F-G score. F-G score could be a marker to evaluate metabolic disorders in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women.
JUSTIFICATIVA: A Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é a endocrinopatia mais comum e uma das principais causas de infertilidade em mulheres. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre hiperandrogenismo clínico, avaliado pela escala de Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) modificada e parâmetros metabólicos em mulheres com a Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos. MÉTODOS: Este estudo observacional incluiu cinquenta mulheres com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos. Informações detalhadas sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência abdominal (CA) foram obtidas de cada participante. A escala FG foi aplicada para avaliar o hirsutismo através do método visual. Níveis séricos de insulina, glicose e testosterona foram também avaliados. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre a escala FG e o índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal e insulina. CONCLUSÕES: A obesidade, principalmente o tecido adiposo abdominal, e os níveis de insulina se correlacionam com hiperandrogenismo em mulheres com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos, analisados por meio da escala FG. Desta forma, esta escala poderia ser um marcador para avaliar distúrbios metabólicos em mulheres com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Insulina/fisiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Hiperandrogenismo/metabolismo , Hirsutismo/metabolismo , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
This study aimed to compare plasma levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) in different arterial events as well as to investigate an association between homocysteine levels and C677T polymorphism in Brazilian patients. A total of 145 subjects were enrolled in this study including 43 patients with coronary arterial disease (CAD), 21 with ischemic stroke (IS), 44 with peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD) and 37 control subjects. A preliminary analysis showed significant difference for tHcy plasma levels between patients with CAD (P = 0.003) or PAOD (P = 0.03) compared to controls. However, after adjustment for sex, age, total cholesterol, LDL, diabetes, tabagism or C677T polymorphism, no significant differences were detected in tHcy levels among patients groups and controls. No significant correlation was demonstrated for C677T polymorphism and homocysteine levels. These results indicate that increased Hcy levels may not be considered an independent risk factor for atherothrombotic diseases in Brazilian patients.
Assuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Doença das Coronárias/genética , Homocisteína/sangue , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Idoso , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/epidemiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma homocysteine levels and the incidence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism in a group of subjects who underwent coronary angiography, in an attempt to establish a correlation between these parameters and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as investigate the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and the presence of polymorphism. METHODS: Twenty subjects with no coronary atheromatosis (controls), fourteen subjects with mild/moderate atheromatosis, and twenty-nine subjects with severe atheromatosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in mean homocysteine levels between the control and the severe atheromatosis groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed among the other groups. The severe atheromatosis group showed rates of 62.0% and 6.9% for the C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism, in heterozygous and homozygous subjects, respectively. However, there was no correlation between the presence of mutation and hyperhomocysteinemia. A positive correlation of 41.91% (p < 0.001) was found between hyperhomocysteinemia and CAD. CONCLUSION: The most important finding of this study was the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary stenosis > 70%; yet, whether elevated plasma homocysteine worsens atherosclerosis or is a consequence remains to be established.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Mutação Puntual , Polimorfismo Genético , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/enzimologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: O polimorfismo 4G/5G do inibidor ativador do plasminogênio tipo 1 (PAI-1) pode influenciar a expressão do PAI-1. Níveis plasmáticos elevados de PAI-1 estão associados com Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC). OBJETIVO: O presente estudo investigou a influência do polimorfismo 4G/5G do PAI-1 nos níveis plasmáticos de PAI-1 e sua associação com DAC avaliada por angiografia coronária. MÉTODOS: Foi avaliada amostra de sangue de 35 indivíduos com artérias coronárias angiograficamente normais, 31 indivíduos apresentando ateromatose leve/moderada, 57 indivíduos apresentando ateromatose grave e 38 indivíduos saudáveis (controles). Em pacientes e controles, o polimorfismo 4G/5G do PAI-1 foi determinado por amplificação da proteína-C reativa utilizando primers específicos de alelo. Os níveis plasmáticos de PAI-1 foram quantificados pelo ensaio ELISA (American Diagnostica). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal. Níveis plasmáticos de PAI-1 e frequência do genótipo 4G/4G mostravam-se significativamente maiores no grupo com ateromatose grave em comparação com os outros grupos (p < 0,001). Além disso, os pacientes com genótipo 4G/4G (r = 0,28, p < 0,001) apresentaram níveis plasmáticos de PAI-1 significativamente maiores do que aqueles com o genótipo 5G/5G (r = 0,02, p = 0,4511). Além disso, em um modelo de regressão logística múltipla, ajustado para todas as outras variáveis, o PAI-1 esteve independentemente associado com DAC > 70 por cento (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O achado mais importante deste estudo foi a associação entre o genótipo 4G/4G, elevados níveis plasmáticos de PAI-1 e estenose coronariana superior a 70 por cento em indivíduos brasileiros. Ainda não foi estabelecido se elevados níveis plasmáticos de PAI-1 são um fator decisivo para o agravamento da aterosclerose ou se são uma consequência.
BACKGROUND: Type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism may influence the PAI-1 expression. High plasma levels of PAI-1 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the influence of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism on plasma PAI-1 levels and its association with CAD assessed by coronary angiography. METHODS: Blood sample of 35 individuals with angiographycally normal coronary arteries, 31 individuals presenting mild/moderate atheromatosis, 57 individuals presenting severe atheromatosis and 38 healthy individuals (controls) were evaluated. In patients and controls, the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using allele-specific primers. Plasma PAI-1 levels were quantified by ELISA assay (American Diagnostica). RESULTS: No difference was found between groups regarding age, gender and body mass index. Plasma PAI-1 levels and 4G/4G genotype frequency were significantly higher in the severe atheromatosis group compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, patients with 4G/4G genotype (r=0.28, p<0.001) had significantly higher plasma PAI-1 levels than those with 5G/5G genotype (r=0.02, p=0.4511). In addition, in a multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for all the other variables, PAI-1 was observed to be independently associated with CAD > 70 percent (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The most important finding of this study was the association between 4G/4G genotype, high plasma PAI-1 levels and coronary stenosis higher than 70 percent in Brazilian individuals. Whether high plasma PAI-1 levels are a decisive factor for atherosclerosis worsening or it is a consequence remains to be established.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Estenose Coronária/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Estenose Coronária/sangue , Estenose Coronária/patologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Hydrolysis of D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide by human tissue kallikrein (hK1) was studied in the absence and in the presence of increasing concentrations of the following chloride salts: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium. The data indicate that the inhibition of hK1 by sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium is linear competitive and that divalent cations are more potent inhibitors of hK1 than univalent cations. However the inhibition of hK1 by aluminium cation is linear mixed, with the cation being able to bind to both the free enzyme and the ES complex. This cation was the best hK1 inhibitor. Aluminium is not a physiological cation, but is a known neurotoxicant for animals and humans. The neurotoxic actions of aluminium may relate to neuro-degenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Amidoidrolases/antagonistas & inibidores , Cátions/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Calicreínas Teciduais/antagonistas & inibidores , Alumínio/farmacologia , Amidoidrolases/química , Amidoidrolases/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Cálcio/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hidrólise , Modelos Lineares , Magnésio/farmacologia , Potássio/farmacologia , Sódio/farmacologia , Calicreínas Teciduais/química , Calicreínas Teciduais/metabolismoRESUMO
A proteína C-reativa (PCR) é uma proteína de fase aguda, sintetizada pelo fígado em resposta às citocinas, que reflete inflamação ativa sistêmica. A inflamação tem um papel potencial no início, progressão e desestabilização das placas de ateroma. Marcadores plasmáticos de inflamação crônica têm sido consistentemente associados ao risco de doença arterial coronariana (DAC), sendo a proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCRus) o marcador mais estudado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os níveis plasmáticos da PCRus de um grupo de indivíduos submetidos à angiografia coronariana, buscando estabelecer a possível correlação entre esse parâmetro e a gravidade da DAC. Níveis plasmáticos da PCR foram determinados em amostras de sangue de 17 indivíduos com ausência de ateromatose nas coronárias (controles), 12 pacientes apresentando ateromatose leve/moderada e 28 com ateromatose grave, utilizando-se o conjunto diagnóstico Biotécnica Proteína C Reativa Turbidimetria com metodologia ultra-sensível específica para monitoramento em cardiologia, com linearidade de 0,1 a 15 mg/l. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as médias dos três grupos para o parâmetro avaliado, porém as médias obtidas para os grupos ateromatose leve/moderada e ateromatose grave permaneceram acima da faixa de referência indicada pelo método para monitoramento em cardiologia (0,1 a 2,5 mg/dl). As médias obtidas nos três grupos apresentaram elevação crescente dos níveis plasmáticos de PCRus a partir do grupo controle, aumentando com a gravidade da aterosclerose coronariana, o que poderia sugerir a progressão do estado inflamatório em função da lesão aterosclerótica.
C-reactive protein (CPR) is an acute phase protein, synthesized by the liver in response to cytokines, and reflects active inflammation. Inflammation has a potential role in atherosclerosis triggering and progression. Plasma markers of chronic inflammation have been consistently associated to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), being high-sensitivity C-reactive protein the marker most studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma levels in a group of subjects undergoing coronary angiography, trying to establish a possible correlation between this parameter and the severity of the CAD. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma levels had been determined in blood of 17 subjects with no atheromatosis (controls), 12 subjects presenting mild/moderate atheromatosis and 28 subjects presenting severe atheromatosis, using Biotechnical Reactive C-Protein Turbidimetric Kit with specific high-sensitivity methodology for Cardiology, with linearity to 0.1 up 15mg/l. Significant differences between the means of the three groups were not observed, however the mean values of mild/moderate atheromatosis and severe atheromatosis had remained above the reference values used in Cardiology (0.1-2.5mg/dl). The mean values of the three groups presented an increasing rise from the control group to the severe atherosclerosis, suggesting inflammatory progression due to atherosclerotic injury.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Proteína C-Reativa , Angiografia Coronária , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar os níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína e a incidência do polimorfismo C677T no gene da enzima metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) em um grupo de indivíduos submetidos a angiografia coronariana, buscando estabelecer a possível correlação entre esses parâmetros e a gravidade da doença arterial coronariana (DAC), bem como investigar a correlação entre hiper-homocisteinemia e a presença do polimorfismo. MÉTODOS: Vinte indivíduos com ausência de ateromatose nas coronárias (controles), quatorze indivíduos apresentando ateromatose leve/moderada e vinte e nove indivíduos apresentando ateromatose grave foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Para o parâmetro homocisteína foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as médias dos grupos controle e ateromatose grave (p < 0,001). Entre os demais grupos não foram observadas diferenças significativas. O grupo ateromatose grave apresentou uma freqüência de 62,0 por cento e 6,9 por cento para o polimorfismo C677T no gene da enzima MTHFR, em heterozigose e homozigose, respectivamente. Entretanto, não foi observada correlação entre a presença da mutação e hiper-homocisteinemia. Foi observada uma correlação positiva da ordem de 41,91 por cento (p < 0,001) entre hiper-homocisteinemia e a presença de DAC. CONCLUSÃO: O achado mais importante deste estudo foi a associação entre hiper-homocisteinemia e a presença de estenose coronariana superior a 70 por cento; entretanto, permanece a dúvida se o aumento da concentração plasmática de homocisteína constitui um fator determinante para o agravamento da lesão aterosclerótica nas coronárias ou se o mesmo é uma conseqüência desta lesão.
OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma homocysteine levels and the incidence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism in a group of subjects who underwent coronary angiography, in an attempt to establish a correlation between these parameters and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as investigate the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and the presence of polymorphism. METHODS: Twenty subjects with no coronary atheromatosis (controls), fourteen subjects with mild/moderate atheromatosis, and twenty-nine subjects with severe atheromatosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in mean homocysteine levels between the control and the severe atheromatosis groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed among the other groups. The severe atheromatosis group showed rates of 62.0 percent and 6.9 percent for the C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism, in heterozygous and homozygous subjects, respectively. However, there was no correlation between the presence of mutation and hyperhomocysteinemia. A positive correlation of 41.91 percent (p < 0.001) was found between hyperhomocysteinemia and CAD. CONCLUSION: The most important finding of this study was the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and coronary stenosis > 70 percent; yet, whether elevated plasma homocysteine worsens atherosclerosis or is a consequence remains to be established.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/complicações , /genética , Mutação Puntual , Polimorfismo Genético , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/enzimologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: As dislipidemias, o diabetes mellitus (DM) e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) são importantes fatores no desenvolvimento da doença arterial coronariana (DAC), a principal causa de morte de indivíduos adultos no mundo. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado correlação positiva entre concentrações plasmáticas elevadas de colesterol presente na lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C) e/ou baixas concentrações de colesterol presente na lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C) e aumento de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os valores do perfil lipídico, apolipoproteínas (Apo) A-I e B, lipoproteína(a) [Lp(a)] e microalbuminúria em indivíduos com e sem DM e HAS. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os participantes, com faixa etária de 40 a 65 anos, foram divididos em cinco grupos: 1. controle (indivíduos hígidos, n = 16); 2. HAS (hipertensos, n = 12); 3. DM (DM2, normotensos e normoalbuminúricos, n = 7); 4. DM + HASnAlb (DM2, hipertensos e normoalbuminúricos, n = 18); e 5. DM + HASmAlb (DM2, hipertensos e microalbuminúricos, n = 9). RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para o LDL-C entre a média do grupo 5 em relação às médias dos demais grupos; para triglicérides (TGL), entre as médias dos grupos 2, 4 e 5 em relação à do grupo 1. Para as médias de colesterol total (CT), HDL-C, Lp(a) e Apo A-I não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. As médias para Apo B dos grupos 4 e 5 apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação ao grupo 1. Foi observada correlação positiva entre o LDL-C e a Apo B (r = 0,684); p < 0,0001) e entre o HDL-C e a Apo A-I (r = 0,374; p = 0,003), de acordo com a literatura. CONCLUSÃO: Entre todos os parâmetros avaliados o LDL-C foi o único que apresentou diferenças significativas entre o grupo 5, cujos indivíduos apresentam as duas patologias combinadas (DM e HAS), além da microalbuminúria, em relação aos demais grupos estudados, sugerindo que a associação das duas patologias ...
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus (DM), high blood pressure are important factors for development of the coronary artery disease (CAD), principal cause of death in the world. Several studies have demonstrated positive correlation between both LDL-C high plasma levels and HDL-C low concentrations and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES: To establish the possible correlation between lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins A-I and B, Lipoprotein(a) and microalbuminuria in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 and high blood pressure. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The subjects, with age range from 40 to 65 years, were divided into five groups: 1. control (normal subjects, n = 16); 2. HAS (subjects with high blood pressure, n = 12); 3. DM (normotensive and normoalbuminuric patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, n = 7); 4. DM + HASnAlb (hypertensive and normoalbuminuric patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, n = 18) and 5. DM + HASmAlb (hypertensive and microalbuminuric patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, n = 9). RESULTS: Concerning to the lipid profile statistical differences were observed for LDL-C between the average of the group 5 compared to the averages of the other groups; for triglycerides among the groups 2, 4 and 5 compared to the group 1. For the total cholesterol, HDL-C, Lp(a) and Apo A-I no significant difference was observed among the groups. Average values for Apo B for groups 4 and 5 presented significant difference compared to group 1. Positive correlation was observed between LDL-C and Apo B (r = 0,684); p < 0,0001) and HDL-C and Apo A-I (r = 0,374; p = 0,003), according to literature. CONCLUSION: Among all parameters assessment, LDL-C was the unique one that showed significant differences between the group 5, whose participants present both alterations (DM and HAS) besides the microalbuminuria, related to other groups studied. This comes to suggest that the association between the two...