The IRAK1/IRF5 axis initiates IL-12 response by dendritic cells and control of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Activation of endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, TLR9, and TLR11/12 is a key event in the resistance against the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Endosomal TLR engagement leads to expression of interleukin (IL)-12 via the myddosome, a protein complex containing MyD88 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 4 in addition to IRAK1 or IRAK2. In murine macrophages, IRAK2 is essential for IL-12 production via endosomal TLRs but, surprisingly, Irak2-/- mice are only slightly susceptible to T. gondii infection, similar to Irak1-/- mice. Here, we report that upon T. gondii infection IL-12 production by different cell populations requires either IRAK1 or IRAK2, with conventional dendritic cells (DCs) requiring IRAK1 and monocyte-derived DCs (MO-DCs) requiring IRAK2. In both populations, we identify interferon regulatory factor 5 as the main transcription factor driving the myddosome-dependent IL-12 production during T. gondii infection. Consistent with a redundant role of DCs and MO-DCs, mutations that affect IL-12 production in both cell populations show high susceptibility to infection in vivo.

Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação da toxicidade frente a Artemia salina e da atividade antimicrobiana de Calycorectes psidiiflorus (O. Berg) Sobral, Myrtaceae / Phytochemical study and evaluation of toxicity against Artemia salina and antimicrobial activity of Calycorectes psidiiflorus (O. Berg) Sobral, Myrtaceae

O estudo fitoquímico das folhas de Calycorectes psidiiflorus (O. Berg) Sobral, Myrtaceae, resultou no isolamento e identificação de: sesquiterpeno [8-hidroxicalameneno (1)], triterpenos [α-amirina (2a) e β-amirina (2b)], flavonóide [3-O-α-ramnopiranosil-7-O-bglucopiranosil canferol (3)], e alcalóide [1,2,3,4-tetraidro-1-metil-β-carbolina (4)]. As estruturas das substâncias isoladas foram elucidadas com base nos seus dados de RMN em comparação com os da literatura. A substância 8-hydroxicalameneno apresentou atividade antibacteriana (MIC = 7,8 µg/mL) e antifúngica (MIC = 15,6 µg/mL).

The phytochemical study of Calycorectes psidiiflorus (O. Berg) Sobral leaves resulted in isolation and identification of the sesquiterpene 8-hydroxycalamenene (1), triterpenes α-amyrin (2a) and β-amyrin (2b), flavonoid 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-glucopyranosyl kaempferol (3), and of the alkaloid 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-β-carboline (4). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on their spectroscopic NMR data and comparison with those reported in literature. Substance 1 presented antibacterial (MIC = 7.8 µg/mL) and antifungal (MIC = 15.6 µg/ mL) activities.

Gestação após injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóides - ICSI - em casal sorodiscordante para HIV-I: tempo de refletir sobre AIDS e reprodução / Pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection - ICSI from a HIV-I serodiscordant couple time to think about AIDS and reproduction

Casal sorodiscordante para HIV-I foi submetido a ciclo de fertilização in vitro pela técnica de injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóides - ICSI, após preparo de sêmen em gradientes de densidade seguido de swim-up, com obtenção de gestação única em curso

Uso de calor seco na esterilização (forno de Pasteur) / Utilization of dry heat in sterilization (Pasteur's oven)

Foi avaliada a eficiência de esterilização, por métodos microbiológicos de 6 tipos de Fornos de Pasteur (estufas) disponíveis no mercado nacional, a fim de desenvolver uma técnica exeqüivel a nível de consultório odontológico, que não danificasse os instrumentos. Foram determinados, além do tempo requerido para esterilização, a temperatura real e a temperatura indicada pelo termometro da estufa. No presente estudo, os autores ressaltam a necessidade da observância dos tempos de pré-aquecimento dos instrumentos e do tempo de esterilização, que foi de 30 e 45 minutos. O ciclo de esterilização foi de 60 e 75 minutos

Presumptive rapid diagnosis of parvovirus infection in patients with Erythema infectiosum-like illness

In September 1987 an outbreak of exanthematous illness ressembling erythma infectiosum occurres at an elementary school of Säo Paulo city. Attempts to isolate virus from the nasofaryngeal secretion and urine and serum samples collected from the ill children in acute phase of illness resulted negative. Nevertheless, parvovirus-like particles of about 24 nm in diameter were observed by negative staining electron microscopy in concentraded urine of seven out of eight ill patients and in nasopharyngeal secretion of one out of four patients. No similar viral particle was observed in concentred urine samples collected on the same occasion from their classmates without evident signs of illness. This is a proposal of an alternative test for a rapid and sensitive presumptive diagnosis of human parvovirus infection