[The results of tendon transfer in irreparable radial nerve palsy]. / Onarilmasi mümkün olmayan radial sinir felcinde tendon transferi sonuçlari.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of tendon transfers in patients with irreparable radial nerve palsy. METHODS: The study included 29 patients (5 females, 24 males; mean age 29 years; range 9 to 51 years) who underwent tendon transfers for radial nerve palsy. Four patients had low- and 25 patients had high-level radial nerve palsy. The mean duration of tendon transfer after injury (paralysis time) was 19.7 months (range 1 day to 180 months). Clinical evaluations included joint range of motion and muscle strengths. Functional evaluation was made using the Tajima criteria. The mean follow-up was 56.9 months (range 5 to 90 months). RESULTS: Muscle strengths were measured as follows: 3 (n=3), 4 (n=10), and 5 (n=12) for the wrist extensor muscle; 3 (n=7), 4 (n=10), and 5 (n=12) for the finger extensor muscle; and 3 (n=6), 4 (n=13), and 5 (n=10) for the thumb extensor muscle. The mean wrist range of motion was 67.4 degrees , extension was 48.3 degrees (10 degrees to 70 degrees ), and flexion was 21.5 degrees (10 degrees to 55 degrees ). The mean metacarpophalangeal joint extension was 1.7 degrees (0 degrees to 12 degrees ), thumb abduction was 45.6 degrees (34 degrees to 56 degrees ), and thumb interphalangeal joint extension was 18 degrees (0 degrees to 30 degrees ). According to the Tajima criteria, the results were excellent in 15 patients (51.7%), good in nine patients (31%), and moderate in five patients (17.2%). Eight patients (27.6%) had radial deviation deformity and four patients (13.8%) had 1-level weaker finger extensor muscle strength compared to the other fingers. The flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was used in the transfer of patients who developed radial deviation deformity. CONCLUSION: Treatment of irreparable radial nerve palsy with tendon transfers yields successful results. Radial deviation deformity mostly occurs in patients receiving FCU transfer for finger extension.

[Evaluation of complications of femoral neck fractures in children operated on at least 24 hours after initial trauma]. / Femur boynu kirigi nedeniyle ilk 24 saatten sonra ameliyat edilen çocuklarda gelisen komplikasyonlarin degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated complications and the factors affecting the development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children who underwent surgery for femoral neck fractures after at least a 24-hour delay. METHODS: We reviewed the results of 22 children (11 boys, 11 girls; mean age 10 years; range 4 to 14 years) who were operated on after the first 24 hours for femoral neck fractures. According to the Delbet classification, two patients had type I, eleven patients had type II, and nine patients had type III fractures. Associated injuries were detected in seven patients. The mean duration from trauma to surgery was seven days (range 1 to 15 days). Internal fixation was performed following closed (n=20) or open (n=2) reduction. The results were assessed using the Ratliff criteria at the end of a mean follow-up of 73 months (range 18 to 184 months). The patients were evaluated with respect to age, type of fracture, displacement, complications, and avascular necrosis. RESULTS: The results were good in 12 (54.6%), fair in eight (36.4%), and poor in two patients (9.1%). Complications developed in 17 patients (77.3%), 12 of whom had more than one. The most frequent complication was premature physeal closure (n=14; 63.6%) followed by avascular necrosis (n=12; 54.6%). No significant differences were found (i) with regard to age and the type of fracture between patients with and without avascular necrosis, and (ii) with regard to avascular necrosis between patients who were treated within the first and second week of trauma (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of surgery performed after the first 24 hours are mainly influenced by the occurrence of avascular necrosis and, secondarily, by the type of fracture.