LASER FLARE PHOTOMETRY IN PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT: An Evaluation of 2,487 Cases.

PURPOSE: Exploratory analysis associated with the prospective, multicenter, randomized PRIVENT trial. To characterize the associations between laser flare photometry and anatomical and epidemiological features of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: The authors measured laser flare values of all 3,048 prescreened patients excluding those with comorbidities. A mixed regression analysis evaluated the strength of the influencing factors like age, sex, lens status, and presence and extent of RRD on laser flare. RESULTS: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was more frequent in men (65.8%) than in women (34.2%, P < 0.001) and in right (52%) than in left eyes (48%, P = 0.045). Phakic RRD affected less quadrants and was less likely to be associated with macula-off status than pseudophakic RRD (48.4% vs. 58.0% macula off, 23% vs. 31% ≥3 quadrants, P < 0.001). Laser flare of affected eyes was significantly higher compared with fellow eyes (12.6 ± 15.2 vs. 8.3 ± 7.4 pc/ms, P < 0.001). The factors age, sex, lens status, presence of RRD, and the number of quadrants affected were independent influencing factors on laser flare. R 2 was 0.145 for phakic and 0.094 for pseudophakic eyes. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there may be more factors affecting laser flare than previously assumed. This might limit flare as predictive value for PVR and retinal redetachment.

Intravitreal 5-Fluorouracil and Heparin to Prevent Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the major cause for surgical failure after primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). So far, no therapy has been proven to prevent PVR. Promising results for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in high-risk eyes have been reported previously. The objective of this trial was to examine the effect of adjuvant intravitreal therapy with 5-FU and LMWH compared with placebo on incidence of PVR in high-risk patients with primary RRD. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicenter, interventional trial with 1 interim analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with RRD who were considered to be at high risk for PVR were included. Risk of PVR was assessed by noninvasive aqueous flare measurement using laser flare photometry. METHODS: Patients were randomized 1:1 to verum (200 mg/ml 5-FU and 5 IU/ml dalteparin) and placebo (balanced salt solution) intravitreally applied during routine pars plana vitrectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end point was the development of PVR grade CP (full-thickness retinal folds or subretinal strands in clock hours located posterior to equator) 1 or higher within 12 weeks after surgery. For grading, an end point committee assessed fundus photographs. Secondary end points included best-corrected visual acuity and redetachment rate. A group sequential design with 1 interim analysis was applied using the O'Brien and Fleming boundaries. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade CP incidence was compared using a Mantel-Haenszel test stratified by surgeon. RESULTS: A total of 325 patients in 13 German trial sites had been randomized (verum, n = 163; placebo, n = 162). In study eyes, mean laser flare was 31 ± 26 pc/ms. No significant difference was found in PVR rate. Primary analysis in the modified intention-to-treat population results were: verum 28% vs. placebo 23% (including not assessable cases as failures); odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-2.08; P = 0.77. Those in the per-protocol population were: 12% vs. 12%; OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.47-2.34; P = 0.47. None of the secondary end points showed any significant difference between treatment groups. During the study period, no relevant safety risks were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Rate of PVR did not differ between adjuvant therapy with 5-FU and LMWH and placebo treatment in eyes with RRD.

Genetic Association Analysis of Anti-VEGF Treatment Response in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) has been FDA-approved in 2004, and since then has helped tens of thousands of patients worldwide to preserve vision. Still, treatment responses vary widely, emphasizing the need for genetic biomarkers to robustly separate responders from non-responders. Here, we report the findings of an observational study compromising 179 treatment-naïve nAMD patients and their reaction to treatment after three monthly doses of anti-VEGF antibodies. We show that established criteria of treatment response such as visual acuity and central retinal thickness successfully divides our cohort into 128 responders and 51 non-responders. Nevertheless, retinal thickness around the fovea revealed significant reaction to treatment even in the formally categorized non-responders. To elucidate genetic effects underlying our criteria, we conducted an undirected genome-wide association study followed by a directed replication study of 30 previously reported genetic variants. Remarkably, both approaches failed to result in significant findings, suggesting study-specific effects were confounding the present and previous discovery studies. Of note, all studies so far are greatly underpowered, hampering interpretation of genetic findings. In consequence, we highlight the need for an extensive phenotyping study with sample sizes exceeding at least 15,000 to reliably assess anti-VEGF treatment responses in nAMD.