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1.
J Vasc Surg ; 80(1): 279-287, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38215952

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Restenosis and late occlusion remain a significant problem for endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of cilostazol on late outcomes after endovascular repair of occlusive femoropopliteal disease. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted conforming to established criteria to identify articles published up to September 2023 evaluating late outcomes after endovascular treatment for atherosclerotic femoropopliteal disease. Eligible studies should compare outcomes between patients treated with cilostazol and patients not treated with cilostazol. Both prospective and retrospective studies were eligible. Late outcomes included primary patency (PP), restenosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and major amputation during follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 10 clinical studies were identified for analysis including 4721 patients (1831 with cilostazol vs 2890 without cilostazol) that were treated for 5703 lesions (2235 with cilostazol vs 3468 without cilostazol). All studies were performed in Japan. Mean follow-up was 24.1 ± 12.5 months. Cilostazol was associated with a lower risk for restenosis (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.503; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.383-0.660; P < .0001). However, no association was found between cilostazol and TLR (pooled OR, 0.918; 95% CI, 0.300-2.812; P = .881) as well as major amputation (pooled OR, 1.512; 95% CI, 0.734-3.116; P = .263). Regarding primary patency, cilostazol was associated with a higher 12-month PP (OR, 3.047; 95% CI, 1.168-7.946; P = .023), and a higher 36-month PP (OR, 1.616; 95% CI, 1.412-1.850; P < .0001). No association was found between cilostazol and mortality during follow-up (pooled OR, .755; 95% CI, 0.293-1.946; P = .561). CONCLUSIONS: Cilostazol seems to have a positive effect on 1- to 3-year PP and restenosis rates among patients treated endovascularly for atherosclerotic femoropopliteal disease. A positive effect on TLR and amputation risk was not verified in this review.


Assuntos
Cilostazol , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Artéria Femoral , Doença Arterial Periférica , Artéria Poplítea , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular , Humanos , Cilostazol/uso terapêutico , Cilostazol/efeitos adversos , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Artéria Femoral/fisiopatologia , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Artéria Poplítea/fisiopatologia , Artéria Poplítea/diagnóstico por imagem , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores de Risco , Salvamento de Membro , Amputação Cirúrgica , Recidiva , Feminino , Masculino , Medição de Risco , Idoso
2.
Ecol Lett ; 26(9): 1629-1642, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37345567

RESUMO

Urbanization is increasing worldwide, with major impacts on biodiversity, species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Pollination is an ecosystem function vital for terrestrial ecosystems and food security; however, the processes underlying the patterns of pollinator diversity and the ecosystem services they provide in cities have seldom been quantified. Here, we perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of 133 studies examining the effects of urbanization on pollinators and pollination. Our results confirm the widespread negative impacts of urbanization on pollinator richness and abundance, with Lepidoptera being the most affected group. Furthermore, pollinator responses were found to be trait-specific, with below-ground nesting and solitary Hymenoptera, and spring flyers more severely affected by urbanization. Meanwhile, cities promote non-native pollinators, which may exacerbate conservation risks to native species. Surprisingly, despite the negative effects of urbanization on pollinator diversity, pollination service measured as seed set is enhanced in non-tropical cities likely due to abundant generalists and managed pollinators therein. We emphasize that the richness of local flowering plants could mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization on pollinator diversity. Overall, the results demonstrate the varying magnitudes of multiple moderators on urban pollinators and pollination services and could help guide conservation actions for biodiversity and ecosystem function for a sustainable future.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Urbanização , Abelhas , Polinização/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Cidades , Flores
3.
Mol Phylogenet Evol ; 186: 107839, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37290582

RESUMO

Pollination and seed dispersal of plants by animals are key mutualistic processes for the conservation of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. Although different animals frequently act as pollinators or seed dispersers, some species can provide both functions, so-called 'double mutualists', suggesting that the evolution of pollination and seed dispersal may be linked. Here, we assess the macroevolution of mutualistic behaviours in lizards (Lacertilia) by applying comparative methods to a phylogeny comprising 2,838 species. We found that both flower visitation (potential pollination; recorded in 64 species [2.3% of total] across 9 families) and seed dispersal (recorded in 382 species [13,5% of total] across 26 families) have evolved repeatedly in Lacertilia. Furthermore, we found that seed dispersal activity pre-dated flower visitation and that the evolution of seed dispersal activity and flower visitation was correlated, illustrating a potential evolutionary mechanism behind the emergence of double mutualisms. Finally, we provide evidence that lineages with flower visitation or seed dispersal activity have higher diversification rates than lineages lacking these behaviours. Our study illustrates the repeated innovation of (double) mutualisms across Lacertilia and we argue that island settings may provide the ecological conditions under which (double) mutualisms persist over macroevolutionary timescales.


Assuntos
Lagartos , Dispersão de Sementes , Animais , Ecossistema , Lagartos/genética , Filogenia , Plantas , Sementes , Polinização , Simbiose/genética
4.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1425: 645-662, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581838

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Smoking has a harmful effect on human body and is rated to be the primary cause of preventable premature disease and death worldwide, while it is responsible for at least 25 life-threatening diseases. METHODS: An empirical investigation has been carried out through the development and distribution of a structured questionnaire. The sample of empirical investigation consisted of 150 smokers aged over 18 years (response rate 85.7%). ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis and correlation control of questionnaire variables are used to report the findings of the study. RESULTS: Information about passive smoking, smoking consequences, and current therapies in quitting smoking were rated highest among smoke-related information needs. The main sources of information were family/relatives/friends/colleagues and Internet and less important factors were formal sources like medical staff, health professionals, and primary health care services. Ε-health literacy is correlated with higher self-efficacy, positive intention to quit smoking, and better educational level while is negatively correlated with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of specialized programs and upgraded information services is fundamental for successful smoking cessation. These programs and services should be addressed to all socioeconomic groups and combined with the improvement in smokers' e-health literacy will contribute to a higher self-efficacy and finally drive them to quit smoking.


Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fumantes , Comportamento de Busca de Informação , Intenção , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1425: 217-227, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581796

RESUMO

To investigate the phenomenon of moral harassment (mobbing) as well as the effect of demographic and occupational characteristics of healthcare professionals working in a public provincial general hospital and a private hospital in Athens a cross-sectional survey was designed. The study was conducted from November to December 2021 through the application of the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT) a widely recognized research tool for the quantitative investigation of ethical harassment in the workplace. 264 fully completed questionnaires were collected out of the 300 that were distributed in both hospitals (response rates: 92% for the public hospital and 83.3% for the private). It was observed that private hospital's employees were morally harassed to a greater extent and for a longer time than the employees of a public hospital. The levels of moral harassment were quite high, indicating the necessity of thorough audit by the management in both hospitals.


Assuntos
Bullying , Condições de Trabalho , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Grécia/epidemiologia , Incidência , Hospitais Privados , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1425: 331-343, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581807

RESUMO

To investigate interdisciplinary cooperation and communication among doctors and nurses along with its role in improving the quality of their professional life, a cross-sectional survey was designed. The study was carried out from February to April 2021 through the application of an anonymous, structured, self-completed, closed-ended questionnaire in a convenience sample consisting of 110 healthcare professionals currently working in the intensive care units (ICUs) of three distinct hospitals (response rate: 76.4%). It was observed that medical personnel manifested a more positive stance toward interdisciplinary collaboration than nursing while women seemed to believe more than men that nurses' administrative skills are not valued enough by doctors. Nurses with limited work experience reported that doctors show scarce respect to nurses in the presence of patients' parents and companions while male nurses acknowledged more the provision of multidimensional care given to patients. Occupational stress, professional satisfaction, and burnout levels were mainly moderate across study participants.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Melhoria de Qualidade , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Comunicação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Satisfação no Emprego
7.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1425: 345-352, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37581808

RESUMO

To investigate job satisfaction and burnout levels among the personnel of a public oncology hospital amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a cross-sectional survey was designed. The study was carried out from December 2021 to January 2022 through the application of an anonymous, structured, self-completed, closed-ended questionnaire, consisting of the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in a convenience sample comprised by 117 employees of "Agioi Anargyroi" General Oncology Hospital (response rate: 98%). It was observed that while overall job satisfaction was reduced, several of its determining dimensions like supervision, relationship with co-workers, or work nature were increased. Also, an average overall burnout of 49% was observed across all participants, with women, nurses, and those with a lower educational level experiencing it more intensely. The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected negatively healthcare professionals who experienced significant personal and occupational burnout, consequently reducing their job satisfaction.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Humanos , Feminino , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Satisfação no Emprego , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Psicológico , Recursos Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Hospitais
8.
J Anim Ecol ; 91(10): 2135-2148, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36002939

RESUMO

Urbanization is a global phenomenon that can affect fitness and could challenge the persistence of most species, including wild bee pollinators. Yet, how and which environmental features affect bee health and fitness within the urban ecosystem remain unclear. Here, we placed experimental Bombus terrestris colonies in sites spanning from the edge into a city's core to investigate bumble bee parasitism, foraging behaviour, energetic stress, colony growth and reproductive output. In each site, ambient temperature was recorded, the availability of floral resources was evaluated and landscape heterogeneity was characterized using land-cover maps. We found that Bombus terrestris parasitism levels increased across the season in line with colony growth but were negatively related to the proportion of impervious surfaces surrounding a site. Bombus terrestris foraging trip duration decreased with increasing ecotones (edge density) but, conversely, increased in sites with honey bee hives present. Energetic stress was evaluated as lowered trehalose titre in the haemolymph of returning foragers; stress increased with the proportion of impervious surfaces. Furthermore, our analyses identified ambient temperature to be a strong predictor of Bombus terrestris colony performance in that high ambient temperature reduced colony growth and indirectly the production of sexual offspring (gynes). Our results highlight the importance of ecotones as well as minimizing the intensity of urbanization and urban honey bee beekeeping for bumble bee colony health and foraging behaviour. They also point to the importance of microclimate (i.e. temperature) for bumble bee colony performance and suggest that increasing temperatures could have a negative impact in slowing colony weight gain, and indirectly in reducing colony reproduction.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Trealose , Animais , Abelhas , Reprodução , Estações do Ano
9.
Oecologia ; 194(3): 333-344, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32712873

RESUMO

Land-use alteration and climate seasonality have profound effects on bee species diversity by influencing the availability of nesting and floral resources. Here, using twelve sites embedded in an agriculture-forest mosaic in the tropical highlands of Guatemala, we investigated the relative effects of climate seasonality and landscape heterogeneity on bee and floral-resource community structure and on their mutualistic network architecture. We found that climate seasonality affected bee diversity, which was higher in the wet season and associated positively with the availability of floral resources across both seasons. Bee community composition also differed between seasons and it was mainly driven by floral-resource richness and the proportion of agricultural, semi-natural and forest cover. In addition to the effects on bee diversity, climate seasonality also affected flower-bee visitation networks. We documented higher relative (null model corrected) nestedness in the dry season compared to the wet season. Niche partitioning as a result of competition for scarce resources in the dry season could be the process driving the differences in the network structure between seasons. Furthermore, relative nestedness was consistently smaller than zero, and relative modularity and specialization were consistently larger than zero in both seasons, suggesting the existence of isolated groups of interacting partners in all our flower-bee visitation networks. Our results highlight the effect of climatic seasonality and the importance of preserving local floral resources and natural heterogeneous habitats for the conservation of bee communities and their pollination services in tropical highlands.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Polinização , Agricultura , Animais , Abelhas , Flores , Estações do Ano
10.
Mol Ecol ; 28(17): 4118-4133, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31232488

RESUMO

Plant-pollinator interactions are often highly specialised, which may be a consequence of co-evolution. Yet when plants and pollinators co-evolve, it is not clear if this will also result in frequent cospeciation. Here, we investigate the mutual evolutionary history of South African oil-collecting Rediviva bees and their Diascia host plants, in which the elongated forelegs of female Rediviva have been suggested to coevolve with the oil-producing spurs of their Diascia hosts. After controlling for phylogenetic nonindependence, we found Rediviva foreleg length to be significantly correlated with Diascia spur length, suggestive of co-evolution. However, as trait correlation could also be due to pollinator shifts, we tested if cospeciation or pollinator shifts have dominated the evolution of Rediviva-Diascia interactions by analysing phylogenies in a cophylogenetic framework. Distance-based cophylogenetic analyses (PARAFIT, PACo) indicated significant congruence of the two phylogenies under most conditions. Yet, we found that phylogenetic relatedness was correlated with ecological similarity (the spectrum of partners that each taxon interacted with) only for Diascia but not for Rediviva, suggesting that phylogenetic congruence might be due to phylogenetic tracking by Diascia of Rediviva rather than strict (reciprocal) co-evolution. Furthermore, event-based reconciliation using a parsimony approach (CORE-PA) on average revealed only 11-13 cospeciation events but 58-80 pollinator shifts. Probabilistic cophylogenetic analyses (COALA) supported this trend (8-29 cospeciations vs. 40 pollinator shifts). Our study suggests that diversification of Diascia has been largely driven by Rediviva (phylogenetic tracking, pollinator shifts) but not vice versa. Moreover, our data suggest that, even in co-evolving mutualisms, cospeciation events might occur only infrequently.


Assuntos
Abelhas/genética , Evolução Biológica , Especiação Genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/genética , Polinização/fisiologia , Scrophulariaceae/parasitologia , Animais , Filogenia , Característica Quantitativa Herdável
11.
BMC Evol Biol ; 18(1): 196, 2018 12 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30567486

RESUMO

Adaptation to local host plants may impact a pollinator's population genetic structure by reducing gene flow and driving population genetic differentiation, representing an early stage of ecological speciation. South African Rediviva longimanus bees exhibit elongated forelegs, a bizarre adaptation for collecting oil from floral spurs of their Diascia hosts. Furthermore, R. longimanus foreleg length (FLL) differs significantly among populations, which has been hypothesised to result from selection imposed by inter-population variation in Diascia floral spur length. Here, we used a pooled restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (pooled RAD-seq) approach to investigate the population genetic structure of R. longimanus and to test if phenotypic differences in FLL translate into increased genetic differentiation (i) between R. longimanus populations and (ii) between phenotypes across populations. We also inferred the effects of demographic processes on population genetic structure and tested for genetic markers underpinning local adaptation. RESULTS: Populations showed marked genetic differentiation (average FST = 0.165), though differentiation was not statistically associated with differences between populations in FLL. All populations exhibited very low genetic diversity and were inferred to have gone through recent bottleneck events, suggesting extremely low effective population sizes. Genetic differentiation between samples pooled by leg length (short versus long) rather than by population of origin was even higher (FST = 0.260) than between populations, suggesting reduced interbreeding between long and short-legged individuals. Signatures of selection were detected in 1119 (3.8%) of a total of 29,721 SNP markers, CONCLUSIONS: Populations of R. longimanus appear to be small, bottlenecked and isolated. Though we could not detect the effect of local adaptation (FLL in response to floral spurs of host plants) on population genetic differentiation, short and long legged bees appeared to be partially differentiated, suggesting incipient ecological speciation. To test this hypothesis, greater resolution through the use of individual-based whole-genome analyses is now needed to quantify the degree of reproductive isolation between long and short legged bees between and even within populations.


Assuntos
Abelhas/genética , Genética Populacional , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Animais , Marcadores Genéticos , Genoma de Inseto , Geografia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , África do Sul
12.
Proc Biol Sci ; 285(1877)2018 04 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29669900

RESUMO

Urbanization is considered a global threat to biodiversity; the growth of cities results in an increase in impervious surfaces, soil and air pollution, fragmentation of natural vegetation and invasion of non-native species, along with numerous environmental changes, including the heat island phenomenon. The combination of these effects constitutes a challenge for both the survival and persistence of many native species, while also imposing altered selective regimes. Here, using 110 314 single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing, we investigated the genome-wide effects of urbanization on putative neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in a major insect pollinator, Bombus lapidarius, collected from nine German cities and nine paired rural sites. Overall, genetic differentiation among sites was low and there was no obvious genome-wide genetic structuring, suggesting the absence of strong effects of urbanization on gene flow. We nevertheless identified several loci under directional selection, a subset of which was associated with urban land use, including the percentage of impervious surface surrounding each sampling site. Overall, our results provide evidence of local adaptation to urbanization in the face of gene flow in a highly mobile insect pollinator.


Assuntos
Adaptação Biológica , Abelhas/genética , Meio Ambiente , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Animais , Cidades , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Alemanha , Polinização , Mapeamento por Restrição , Urbanização
13.
Parasitol Res ; 117(11): 3527-3535, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30120588

RESUMO

Self-medication plays a major role in the behavioral defense against pathogens and parasites that animals have developed during evolution. The conditions defining this adaptive behavior are: (1) contact with the substance in question must be deliberate; (2) the substance must be detrimental to one or more parasites; (3) the detrimental effect on parasites must lead to increased host fitness. Recent studies have shown that A. mellifera colonies are able to increase resin foraging rates when infested by V. destructor, whereas further investigations are needed for evidence of parasite and host fitness. In order to understand whether Varroa-infested colonies could benefit from increasing levels of resin, we carried out laboratory bioassays to investigate the effects of propolis on the fitness of infested workers. The longevity and energetic stress of adult bees kept in experimental cages and artificially infested with the mite were thus monitored over time. At the same time, in vitro experiments were performed to study the contact effects of crude propolis on Varroa mites. Our results clearly demonstrate the positive effects of raw propolis on the lifespan of Varroa-infested adult bees. A low narcoleptic effect (19-22%) of raw propolis on phoretic mites after 5 h was also observed. In terms of energetic stress, we found no differences between Varroa-free and Varroa-infested bees in terms of the daily sucrose solution demand. Our findings seem to confirm the hypothesis that resin collection and propolis use in the hive represent an example of self-medication behavior in social insects.


Assuntos
Abelhas/metabolismo , Abelhas/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológico , Própole/metabolismo , Própole/farmacologia , Varroidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos
14.
J Invertebr Pathol ; 146: 14-23, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28392285

RESUMO

The essential ecosystem service of pollination is provided largely by insects, which are considered threatened by diverse biotic and abiotic global change pressures. RNA viruses are one such pressure, and have risen in prominence as a major threat for honey bees (Apis mellifera) and global apiculture, as well as a risk factor for other bee species through pathogen spill-over between managed honey bees and sympatric wild pollinator communities. Yet despite their potential role in global bee decline, the prevalence of honey bee-associated RNA viruses in wild bees is poorly known from both geographic and taxonomic perspectives. We screened members of pollinator communities (honey bees, bumble bees and other wild bees belonging to four families) collected from apple orchards in Georgia, Germany and Kyrgyzstan for six common honey bee-associated RNA virus complexes encompassing nine virus targets. The Deformed wing virus complex (DWV genotypes A and B) had the highest prevalence across all localities and host species and was the only virus complex found in wild bee species belonging to all four studied families. Based on amplification of negative-strand viral RNA, we found evidence for viral replication in wild bee species of DWV-A/DWV-B (hosts: Andrena haemorrhoa and several Bombus spp.) and Black queen cell virus (hosts: Anthophora plumipes, several Bombus spp., Osmia bicornis and Xylocopa spp.). Viral amplicon sequences revealed that DWV-A and DWV-B are regionally distinct but identical in two or more bee species at any one site, suggesting virus is shared amongst sympatric bee taxa. This study demonstrates that honey bee associated RNA viruses are geographically and taxonomically widespread, likely infective in wild bee species, and shared across bee taxa.


Assuntos
Abelhas/virologia , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Animais , Vírus de Insetos/classificação , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/genética , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Replicação Viral
15.
Proc Biol Sci ; 283(1833)2016 06 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27335419

RESUMO

Animal-mediated pollination is required for the reproduction of the majority of angiosperms, and pollinators are therefore essential for ecosystem functioning and the economy. Two major threats to insect pollinators are anthropogenic land-use change and the spread of pathogens, whose effects may interact to impact pollination. Here, we investigated the relative effects on the ecosystem service of pollination of (i) land-use change brought on by agriculture and urbanization as well as (ii) the prevalence of pollinator parasites, using experimental insect pollinator-dependent plant species in natural pollinator communities. We found that pollinator habitat (i.e. availability of nesting resources for ground-nesting bees and local flower richness) was strongly related to flower visitation rates at the local scale and indirectly influenced plant pollination success. At the landscape scale, pollination was positively related to urbanization, both directly and indirectly via elevated visitation rates. Bumblebees were the most abundant pollinator group visiting experimental flowers. Prevalence of trypanosomatids, such as the common bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi, was higher in urban compared with agricultural areas, a relationship which was mediated through higher Bombus abundance. Yet, we did not find any top-down, negative effects of bumblebee parasitism on pollination. We conclude that urban areas can be places of high transmission of both pollen and pathogens.


Assuntos
Abelhas/fisiologia , Abelhas/parasitologia , Ecossistema , Polinização , Urbanização , Animais , Crithidia , Flores
16.
J Anim Ecol ; 84(3): 615-624, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25646973

RESUMO

Declining populations of bee pollinators are a cause of concern, with major repercussions for biodiversity loss and food security. RNA viruses associated with honeybees represent a potential threat to other insect pollinators, but the extent of this threat is poorly understood. This study aims to attain a detailed understanding of the current and ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease (EID) transmission between managed and wild pollinator species across a wide range of RNA viruses. Within a structured large-scale national survey across 26 independent sites, we quantify the prevalence and pathogen loads of multiple RNA viruses in co-occurring managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild bumblebee (Bombus spp.) populations. We then construct models that compare virus prevalence between wild and managed pollinators. Multiple RNA viruses associated with honeybees are widespread in sympatric wild bumblebee populations. Virus prevalence in honeybees is a significant predictor of virus prevalence in bumblebees, but we remain cautious in speculating over the principle direction of pathogen transmission. We demonstrate species-specific differences in prevalence, indicating significant variation in disease susceptibility or tolerance. Pathogen loads within individual bumblebees may be high and in the case of at least one RNA virus, prevalence is higher in wild bumblebees than in managed honeybee populations. Our findings indicate widespread transmission of RNA viruses between managed and wild bee pollinators, pointing to an interconnected network of potential disease pressures within and among pollinator species. In the context of the biodiversity crisis, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting a wide range of pathogens and defining host associations when considering potential drivers of population decline.


Assuntos
Abelhas/virologia , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Criação de Abelhas , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polinização , Vírus de RNA/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Reino Unido
17.
Int Wound J ; 12(4): 387-96, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23841674

RESUMO

Chronic wounds represent a major socio-economic problem in developed countries today. Wound healing is a complex biological process. It requires a well-orchestrated interaction of mediators, resident cells and infiltrating cells. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. In chronic wounds these processes are disturbed and cell viability is reduced. Hydroxyectoine (HyEc) is a membrane protecting osmolyte with protein and macromolecule stabilising properties. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and keratinocytes were cultured with chronic wound fluid (CWF) and treated with HyEc. Proliferation was investigated using MTT test and migration was examined with transwell-migration assay and scratch assay. Gene expression changes of basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CWF significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Addition of HyEc did not affect these results. Proliferation capacity of ASC was not influenced by CWF whereas migration was significantly enhanced. HyEc significantly reduced ASC migration. Expression of b-FGF, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ASC, and b-FGF, VEGF and MMP-9 in keratinocytes was strongly induced by chronic wound fluid. HyEc enhanced CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP-9 in keratinocytes. CWF negatively impaired keratinocyte function, which was not influenced by HyEc. ASC migration was stimulated by CWF, whereas HyEc significantly inhibited migration of ASC. CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP-9 in keratinocytes was enhanced by HyEc, which might partly be explained by an RNA stabilising effect of HyEc.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Diamino Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Crônica/terapia , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/métodos , Humanos
18.
World J Surg ; 38(2): 505-11, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24101024

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is an established method for the resection of benign and early malignant rectal lesions. Very recently, TEM via an anally inserted single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS(®))-port has been proposed to overcome remaining obstacles of the classical TEM equipment. METHODS: Nine patients with a total of 12 benign or early stage malignant rectal polyps were operated using the SILS(®)-port for TEM. Patients' and polyps' characteristics, perioperative and postoperative complications, as well as operating and hospitalization time were recorded. RESULTS: All 12 polyps (ten low-grade adenoma, one high-grade adenoma, one pT2 carcinoma [preoperatively staged as T1]) were resected. Local full-thickness bowel wall resection was performed for three lesions and submucosal resection for nine lesions. Median operating time was 64 (range 30-180) min. No conversion to laparoscopic or open techniques was necessary. The median maximum diameter of the specimen was 25 (range 3-60) mm, fragmentation of polyps was avoidable in 11 of 12 (92 %) lesions, and resection margins were histologically clear in 11 of 12 (92 %) polyps. Only one patient, in whom three lesions were resected, experienced a complication as postoperative hemorrhage. No mortality occurred. Median hospitalization time was four (range 1-14) days. CONCLUSIONS: SILS(®)-TEM is a feasible and safe method, providing numerous advantages in application, handling, and economy compared with the classical TEM technique. SILS(®)-TEM might become a promising alternative to classical TEM. Randomized, controlled trials comparing safety and efficacy of both instrumental settings will be needed in the future.


Assuntos
Adenoma/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Pólipos Intestinais/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Microcirurgia/métodos , Cirurgia Endoscópica por Orifício Natural/métodos , Doenças Retais/cirurgia , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
19.
Ann Plast Surg ; 70(2): 216-21, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22274149

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients transferred to Plastic Surgery Departments for sternum osteomyelitis have a high morbidity of about 3%. Despite several known options for sternal wound coverage and salvage operations, wound dehiscence or wound necrosis can occur, increasing patient morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-five patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2010 were evaluated in a retrospective study for wound dehiscence after salvage wound coverage at our institution. Various flaps were applied, such as pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flaps, pectoralis major muscle pedicled flaps, latissimus dorsi pedicled flaps, greater omental flaps, and vertical rectus abdominis muscle and transverse rectus abdominis muscle flaps. Inclusion criteria were sternal wound infection, bacterial wound infection, previous wound debridement outside our institution, vacuum-assisted closure device wound treatment at our institution, and secondary flap closure of the sternal defect at our institution. A multivariate regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty patients met the inclusion criteria. In all patients, bacterial wound colonization was shown. Forty patients showed wound dehiscence after closure at our institution. Reasons for wound dehiscence were attributed to wound size, >4 different species of bacteria colonizing the wound, gram-negative bacteria, Candida albicans, intensive care unit stay, and female gender. Interestingly, wound dehiscence was not significant correlated to obesity, smoking, atherosclerosis, renal insufficiency or type of closure influenced significantly, or necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Female patients after CABG, with large sternal wounds infected with gram-negative bacteria and candida, have an 85% risk of wound dehiscence after flap coverage for sternal wound infection.


Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Esterno , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/etiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia
20.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 2702, 2023 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36792660

RESUMO

Insect-provided pollination services are increasingly threatened due to alarming declines in insect pollinator populations. One of the main threats to insect pollinators and consequently pollination is urbanisation. Here, we investigate the effects of local habitat quality (patch size, flowering plant richness, bare soil cover, vegetation structure), degree of urbanisation (impervious surfaces) and 3D connectivity on bee, hoverfly and butterfly flower visitors and plant-flower visitor networks in flower-rich urban dry grasslands. Overall, the degree of urbanisation and the quality of the local habitat influenced the flowering plant and pollinator communities. Although flowering plant abundance increased with urbanisation, bee species richness and butterfly species richness decreased with increasing impervious surfaces. Flowering plant richness and ground nesting resource availability were positively related to bee richness and local vegetation structure boosted hoverfly and butterfly visitation rates. In terms of plant-pollinator interactions, insect pollinators visited a lower proportion of the available flowering plants in more urbanised areas and network modularity and specialisation increased with patch size. Our findings show that urban dry grasslands are valuable habitats for species-rich pollinator communities and further highlight the importance of minimizing the intensity of urbanisation and the potential of local management practices to support insect biodiversity in cities.


Assuntos
Borboletas , Magnoliopsida , Abelhas , Animais , Urbanização , Pradaria , Insetos , Ecossistema , Flores , Polinização
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