MEG-PPIS: a fast protein-protein interaction site prediction method based on multi-scale graph information and equivariant graph neural network.

MOTIVATION: Protein-protein interaction sites (PPIS) are crucial for deciphering protein action mechanisms and related medical research, which is the key issue in protein action research. Recent studies have shown that graph neural networks have achieved outstanding performance in predicting PPIS. However, these studies often neglect the modeling of information at different scales in the graph and the symmetry of protein molecules within three-dimensional space. RESULTS: In response to this gap, this article proposes the MEG-PPIS approach, a PPIS prediction method based on multi-scale graph information and E(n) equivariant graph neural network (EGNN). There are two channels in MEG-PPIS: the original graph and the subgraph obtained by graph pooling. The model can iteratively update the features of the original graph and subgraph through the weight-sharing EGNN. Subsequently, the max-pooling operation aggregates the updated features of the original graph and subgraph. Ultimately, the model feeds node features into the prediction layer to obtain prediction results. Comparative assessments against other methods on benchmark datasets reveal that MEG-PPIS achieves optimal performance across all evaluation metrics and gets the fastest runtime. Furthermore, specific case studies demonstrate that our method can predict more true positive and true negative sites than the current best method, proving that our model achieves better performance in the PPIS prediction task. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The data and code are available at https://github.com/dhz234/MEG-PPIS.git.

De-Pinning Fermi Level and Accelerating Surface Kinetics with an ALD Finish Boost the Fill Factor of BiVO4 Photoanodes to 44.

With the rapid development of performance and long-term stability, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 ) has emerged as the preferred photoanode in photoelectrochemical tandem devices. Although state-of-the-art BiVO4 photoanodes realize a saturated photocurrent density approaching the theoretical maximum, the fill factor (FF) is still inferior, pulling down the half-cell applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (HC-ABPE). Among the major fundamental limitations are the Fermi level pinning and sluggish surface kinetics at the low applied potentials. This work demonstrates that the plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition technique is capable of addressing these issues by seamlessly installing an angstrom-scale FeNi-layer between BiVO4 and electrolyte. Not only this ultrathin FeNi layer serves as an efficient OER cocatalyst, more importantly, it also effectively passivates the surface states of BiVO4 , de-pins the surface Fermi level, and enlarges the built-in voltage, allowing the photoanode to make optimal use of the photogenerated holes for achieving high FF up to 44% and HC-ABPE to 2.2%. This study offers a new approach for enhancing the FF of photoanodes and provides guidelines for designing efficient unassisted solar fuel devices.

Asymmetric Organocatalytic 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with ß-Substituted Cyclic Enones.

The enantioselective and diastereoselective control of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to ß-substituted cyclic enones has been developed. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of phthalazinium dicyanomethanides with cyclic dienones affords chiral tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine derivatives 3 through vinylogous iminium ion activation by combining a cinchona-based primary amine C3 and a chiral camphorsulfonic acid additive. Conversely, with a weaker 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid additive, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of phthalazinium dicyanomethanides with ß-substituted cyclic enones leads to chiral hexahydroisoindolo[1,2-a]phthalazin-10(8H)-one derivatives 4 with excellent stereocontrol via endo-dienamine activation.

Growth Patterns of Carbon Clusters Cn (n = 2-60) Identified via ABCluster Searching and DFT Benchmarking.

Recently, novel algorithms and enhanced computational capabilities have created unprecedented opportunities to precisely determine the geometric structures of clusters through theoretical calculations. In this study, we extensively investigated and characterized the geometric arrangements of the carbon clusters Cn (n = 2-60), employing the efficient ABCluster algorithm in conjunction with the gradient-corrected PBE and higher-accuracy B3LYP hybrid functional in density functional theory (DFT). New structures and a discernible structural growth pattern have been discovered. We observed a distinct preference in carbon clusters that transform from the linear chains (n = 2-9) to closed single-ring and planar structures (n = 10-27) and finally evolve to carbon cages (n = 28-60). A shortcut to construct the cage clusters was unveiled by inserting or rotating specific atoms within a distinct structural unit. The research results obtained from combining ABCluster with DFT calculations offer valuable new insights into the growth mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories of carbon clusters, providing a crucial theoretical framework for the development of innovative carbon-based materials and their potential applications.

Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia.

The rapid growth in computational power, sensor technology, and wearable devices has provided a solid foundation for all aspects of cardiac arrhythmia care. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in bringing about significant changes in the prevention, risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of arrhythmia. This review examines the current state of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, hereditary channelopathies, and cardiac pacing. Furthermore, ChatGPT, which has gained attention recently, is addressed in this paper along with its potential applications in the field of arrhythmia. Additionally, the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis can be improved by identifying electrode misplacement or erroneous swapping of electrode position using AI. Remote monitoring has expanded greatly due to the emergence of contactless monitoring technology as wearable devices continue to develop and flourish. Parallel advances in AI computing power, ChatGPT, availability of large data sets, and more have greatly expanded applications in arrhythmia diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. More precise algorithms based on big data, personalized risk assessment, telemedicine and mobile health, smart hardware and wearables, and the exploration of rare or complex types of arrhythmia are the future direction.

Research Progress on Ammonia Sensors Based on Ti3C2Tx MXene at Room Temperature: A Review.

Ammonia (NH3) potentially harms human health, the ecosystem, industrial and agricultural production, and other fields. Therefore, the detection of NH3 has broad prospects and important significance. Ti3C2Tx is a common MXene material that is great for detecting NH3 at room temperature because it has a two-dimensional layered structure, a large specific surface area, is easy to functionalize on the surface, is sensitive to gases at room temperature, and is very selective for NH3. This review provides a detailed description of the preparation process as well as recent advances in the development of gas-sensing materials based on Ti3C2Tx MXene for room-temperature NH3 detection. It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation and synthesis methods for Ti3C2Tx MXene's performance. Since the gas-sensitive performance of pure Ti3C2Tx MXene regarding NH3 can be further improved, this review discusses additional composite materials, including metal oxides, conductive polymers, and two-dimensional materials that can be used to improve the sensitivity of pure Ti3C2Tx MXene to NH3. Furthermore, the present state of research on the NH3 sensitivity mechanism of Ti3C2Tx MXene-based sensors is summarized in this study. Finally, this paper analyzes the challenges and future prospects of Ti3C2Tx MXene-based gas-sensitive materials for room-temperature NH3 detection.

Prompt Hole Extraction Suppresses V5+ Dissolution and Sustains Large-Area BiVO4 Photoanodes for Over 2100 h Water Oxidation.

Nanostructured bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is at the forefront of emerging photoanodes in photoelectrochemical tandem devices for solar water splitting owing to the suitable band edge position and efficient charge separation capability. However, the (photo)chemical corrosion involving V5+ dissolution limits the long-term stability of BiVO4. Herein, guided by DFT calculations, we introduce an ALD-derived NiOx catalyst layer on BiVO4 to stabilize the surface Bi-O bonds, facilitate hole extraction, and thus suppress the V5+ dissolution. At the same time, the ALD NiOx catalyst layer could efficiently suppress the surface recombination and accelerate the surface OER kinetics, boosting the half-cell applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of BiVO4 to 2.05%, as well as a fill factor of 47.1%. By adding trace NaVO3 to the electrolyte, the NiOx/BiVO4 photoanode with an illumination area of 10.5 cm2 shows a record operational stability of more than 2100 h.

The impact of moral resilience on nurse turnover intentions: the mediating role of job burnout in a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: High nursing staff turnover is a critical issue that negatively impacts the quality of care and patient safety. Turnover intentions, a key predictor of actual turnover, reflect an individual's likelihood of leaving their current position. Understanding the underlying mechanisms driving nurse turnover intentions is crucial for developing targeted interventions to stabilize the nursing workforce globally. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the relationship between moral resilience, job burnout, and turnover intentions among nurses, focusing on the mediating role of job burnout in this relationship. DESIGN: This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional design. METHODS: A convenience sample of 322 registered nurses was recruited from two tertiary hospitals in China between August and October 2023. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (Chi-RMRS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Turnover Intention Scale. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 21.0. The study followed the STROBE guidelines for observational research. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION: Before the commencement of data collection, the Institutional Review Board of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College (YXLL202401004) granted ethical approval. RESULTS: The proposed model exhibited an excellent fit to the data, with fit indices as follows: χ2/df = 1.819, CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.072 (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.033 to 0.107). The structural equation model revealed that moral resilience was inversely associated with job burnout and turnover intentions. Furthermore, job burnout fully mediated the relationship between moral resilience and turnover intentions (ß = -0.473, p = 0.007). Further analysis indicated that the depersonalization component of job burnout was the sole mediator in the relationship between moral resilience and turnover intention (ß = -3.934, 95% CI [-5.837, -1.932]). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that moral resilience among nurses is negatively associated with turnover intentions, with this effect fully mediated by the depersonalization dimension of job burnout. Enhancing moral resilience in nurses may be valuable strategy for healthcare administrators to mitigate job burnout and subsequently reduce turnover intentions.

Moral distress and compassion fatigue among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study on the mediating roles of moral resilience and professional identity.

BACKGROUND: Nursing interns often faced moral distress in clinical practice, similar to registered nurses, which can lead to compassion fatigue. The roles of moral resilience and professional identity in influencing the psychological well-being of nursing interns are recognized, but the interrelationships among moral distress, moral resilience, professional identity, and compassion fatigue in this group remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the impact of moral distress on compassion fatigue among nursing interns and to explore the mediating role of moral resilience and professional identity. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 467 nursing interns. Data were collected using Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, Moral Distress Scale-revised, Rushton Moral Resilience Scale, and Professional Identity Scale. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 21.0, adhering to the STROBE statement. RESULTS: The mean scores for compassion fatigue, moral distress, moral resilience, and professional identity were 35.876, 44.887, 2.578, and 37.610, respectively. Moral distress was positively correlated with compassion fatigue. Structural equation modeling showed that moral resilience and professional identity partially mediated the relationship between moral distress and compassion fatigue (ß = 0.448, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that moral distress directly influences compassion fatigue among nursing interns and also exerts an indirect effect through moral resilience and professional identity. Interventions aimed at enhancing moral resilience and fostering a strong professional identity may help mitigate the adverse effects of moral distress on compassion fatigue among nursing interns.

Adaptation and validation of moral distress thermometer in Chinese nurses.

BACKGROUND: Moral distress seriously affects professional nurses, and a number of instruments have been developed to measure the level of moral distress. The moral distress thermometer (MDT) is one of the commonly used instruments that can rapidly measure real-time moral distress; however, it remains unclear whether it is still useful in the Chinese cultural context. AIM: This study aimed to adapt and validate the MDT among Chinese registered nurses. RESEARCH DESIGN: An online, cross-sectional, survey study of adapting and validating Chinese version of MDT. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: A total of 182 registered nurses effectively finished this survey. The correlation between MDT score and the score of the moral distress scale-revised version (MDS-R) was used for evaluating convergent validity, and MDT scores of registered nurses who working in different departments and who made different actions to the final question of the MDS-R were compared by using one-way ANOVA to evaluate construct validity. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Ethics Committee of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital approved this study. RESULTS: The Chinese version of MDT was described as relevant to measure moral distress, with a reported item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) of 1. The mean MDT score and mean MDS-R score were 2.54 and 38.66, respectively, and the correlation between these two scores was significantly moderate (r = 0.41). Nurses working different departments reported different levels of moral distress, and those working in intensive care unit reported the highest level of moral distress than those working in other departments (p = 0.04). The MDT scores between nurses who presented different actions to their position were also significantly different, and those who had ever left and those who had considered leaving but did not leave reported significantly higher moral distress. CONCLUSION: The MDT is a reliable, valid, and easy-to-use instrument to rapidly measure the real-time moral distress of registered nurses in China.

Mediating effect of moral sensitivity and professional identity between moral courage and compassion fatigue among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Compassion fatigue in nursing interns contributes to career indecision and worsens the nursing shortage. While work environment and psychological factors are well-studied, the ethical dimension remains unexplored. Understanding these mechanisms, particularly the role of moral courage, is essential for designing interventions to combat compassion fatigue and address the workforce crisis. This study investigates the influence of moral courage on compassion fatigue among Chinese nursing interns, focusing on the mediating roles of moral sensitivity and professional identity. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. We used the convenience sampling method to recruit 467 nursing interns from four public junior colleges in Hunan Province, China in February, 2024. Data were collected using Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, Moral Courage Scale, Revised Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and Professional Identity Scale. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 21.0. RESULTS: The modified model exhibited a good fit (χ2/df = 3.437, AGFI = 0.928, IFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.976, CFI = 0.984, NFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.072). Moral sensitivity positively influenced both moral courage and professional identity, while professional identity negatively impacted compassion fatigue. Importantly, the effect of moral courage on compassion fatigue was entirely mediated by moral sensitivity and professional identity (ß = -0.114, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that moral courage in nursing interns mitigates compassion fatigue through the combined mediating effects of moral sensitivity and professional identity. Ethics education programs fostering moral courage, moral sensitivity, and professional values in nursing students could be crucial in alleviating compassion fatigue.

Joint toxicity of cadmium (II) and microplastic leachates on wheat seed germination and seedling growth.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution ranks first in soils (7.0%) and microplastics usually have a significant adsorption capacity for it, which could pose potential threats to agricultural production and human health. However, the joint toxicity of Cd and microplastics on crop growth remains largely unknown. In this study, the toxic effects of Cd2+ and two kinds of microplastic leachates, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), on wheat seed germination and seedlings' growth were explored under single and combined conditions. The results showed that Cd2+ solution and two kinds of microplastic leachates stimulated the wheat seed germination process but inhibited the germination rate by 0-8.6%. The combined treatments promoted wheat seed germination but inhibited the seedlings' growth to different degrees. Specifically, the combination of 2.0 mg L-1 Cd2+ and 1.0 mgC L-1 PVC promoted both seed germination and seedlings' growth, but they synergistically increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of seedlings. The toxicity of the PVC leachate to wheat seedlings was stronger than LDPE leachate. The addition of Cd2+ could alleviate the toxicity of PVC leachate on seedlings, and reduce the toxicity of LDPE leachate on seedlings under the same concentration class combinations but aggravated stress under different concentration classes, consistent with the effect on seedlings' growth. Overall, Cd2+, PVC, and LDPE leachates have toxic effects on wheat growth, whether treated under single or combined treatments. This study has important implications for the joint toxicity of Cd2+ solution and microplastic leachates in agriculture.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of Spiritual Self-Care Practice Scale in Iranian Patients with Cancer.

Spiritual self-care is defined as a set of patient-centered or family-centered spiritual activities aimed at promoting health and well-being. In chronic diseases such as cancer, the responsibility for care typically falls on the patient or their family, necessitating an accurate assessment of the patient's self-care practices to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and examine the psychometrics of the Persian version of the spiritual self-care practice scale (SSCPS) in cancer patients. This scale is designed to be administered directly to patients to assess their spiritual self-care practices. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the oncology ward in Afzalipoor Hospital, Javad Al-Aemeh Clinic, and Physicians Clinics affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Kerman, southeast Iran. The study included qualitative and quantitative assessments of face validity, content validity, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity), and reliability. Data collection took place between March 20, 2023, and December 30, 2023. The scale's content validity index was calculated to be 0.948, with mostly minor revision comments for most items. The item-content validity indices ranged from 0.7 to 1. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor solution with 23 items, explaining 61.251% of the total variance. The identified factors were labeled as 'personal and interpersonal spiritual practices,' 'shaping and strengthening relationship practices,' 'religious practices,' 'physical spiritual practices,' and 'reshaping relationship practices.' Most of the confirmatory factor analysis indices were satisfactory (χ2/df = 1.665, CFI = 0.934, IFI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.058). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.89, while it ranged from 0.596 to 0.882 for the subscales. The Persian version of SSCPS with 23 items demonstrates reliability and effectiveness in assessing the spiritual practice performance of Iranian cancer patients. Compared to the original version, the Persian adaptation of SSCPS is concise, making it a suitable instrument for future research and practice on spiritual self-care among Iranian cancer patients.

Identification of a reciprocal negative feedback loop between tau-modifying proteins MARK2 kinase and CBP acetyltransferase.

The posttranslational regulation of the neuronal proteome is critical for brain homeostasis but becomes dysregulated in the aged or diseased brain, in which abnormal posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are frequently observed. While the full extent of modified substrates that comprise the "PTM-ome" are slowly emerging, how the upstream enzymes catalyzing these processes are regulated themselves is not well understood, particularly in the context of neurodegeneration. Here, we describe the reciprocal regulation of a kinase, the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2), and an acetyltransferase, CREB-binding protein (CBP), two enzymes known to extensively modify tau proteins in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We found that MARK2 negatively regulates CBP and, conversely, CBP directly acetylates and inhibits MARK2 kinase activity. These findings highlight a reciprocal negative feedback loop between a kinase and an acetyltransferase, which has implications for how PTM interplay is coordinated on substrates including tau. Our study suggests that PTM profiles occur through the posttranslational control of the master PTM remodeling enzymes themselves.

NLRP3 Plays a Key Role in Antihelminth Immunity in the Enteral and Parenteral Stages of Trichinella spiralis-Infected Mice.

Trichinellosis is an important foodborne zoonosis, and no effective treatments are yet available. Nod-like receptor (NLR) plays a critical role in the host response against nematodes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3) during the adult, migrating, and encysted stages of Trichinella spiralis infection. The mice were treated with the specific NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 after inoculation with T. spiralis. Then, the role that NLRP3 plays during T. spiralis infection of mice was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, flow cytometry, histopathological evaluation, bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) stimulation, and immunofluorescence. The in vivo results showed that NLRP3 enhanced the Th1 immune response in the adult and migrating stages and weakened the Th2 immune response in the encysted stage. NLRP3 promoted the release of proinflammatory factors (interferon gamma [IFN-γ]) and suppressed the release of anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin 4 [IL-4]). Pathological changes were also improved in the absence of NLRP3 in mice during T. spiralis infection. Importantly, a significant reduction in adult worm burden and muscle larvae burden at 7 and 35 days postinfection was observed in mice treated with the specific NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. In vitro, we first demonstrated that NLRP3 in macrophages can be activated by T. spiralis proteins and promotes IL-1ß and IL-18 release. This study revealed that NLRP3 is involved in the host response to T. spiralis infection and that targeted inhibition of NLRP3 enhanced the Th2 response and accelerated T. spiralis expulsion. These findings may help in the development of protocols for controlling trichinellosis.

Dissipative soliton resonance in a figure-eight multimode fiber laser.

We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) multimode fiber laser based on nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM), generating dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses. Due to the complex filtering characteristics caused by the inherent multimode interference filtering structure and NALM in the cavity, the STML DSR pulse has wavelength tunable function. What's more, kinds of DSR pulses are also achieved, including multiple DSR pulses, and the period doubling bifurcations of single DSR pulse and multiple DSR pulses. These results contribute to further understand the nonlinear properties of STML lasers and may shed some light on improving the performance of the multimode fiber lasers.

Monitoring the Resources and Environmental Impacts from the Precise Disassembly of E-Waste in China.

Due to the dispersed distribution of e-waste and crude disassembly in traditional recycling, valuable metals are not traceable during their life cycle. Meanwhile, incomplete separation between metals and nonmetals reduces the economic value of disassembled parts, which leads to higher environmental costs for metal refining. Therefore, this study proposes a precise disassembly of e-waste to finely classify and recover metals in an environmentally friendly way. First, the macroscopic material flow of e-waste in China (source, flow, scrap, and recycling gap) was measured based on data collected by the government and 109 formal recycling enterprises. The sustainable recycling balance time points for e-waste recycling and scrap volumes were forecast by introducing an additional recycling efficiency. By 2030, the total scrap volume of e-waste is predicted to reach 133.06 million units. For precise disassembly, the main metals and their percentages from these typical e-wastes were measured based on material flow analysis combined with experimental methods. After precise disassembly, the proportion of reusable metals increases significantly. The CO2 emission of precise disassembly with the smelting process was the lowest compared with crude disassembly with smelting and ore metallurgy. The greenhouse gas for secondary metals Fe, Cu, and Al was 830.32, 1151.62, and 716.6 kg CO2/t metal, respectively. The precise disassembly of e-waste is meaningful for building a future resource sustainable society and for carbon emission reduction.

Fast photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using indium-porphyrin based cationic MOF under visible light irradiation.

A broad light-harvesting range and efficient charge separation are two main ways to enhance the visible photocatalytic performance of semiconductors. Herein, an ionic porphyrin MOF [In(TPyP)]·(NO3) (1) (TPyP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin) was synthesized via in situ metalation. The orderly arranged porphyrin photosensitizer and the internal electric field between the MOF host and NO3- guests enable effective visible light response and electron-hole separation. Consequently, the as-synthesized MOF shows efficient photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) organic pollutants. It can degrade 99.07% of RhB within only 20 minutes under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) with a high chemical reaction rate constant of 0.2400 min-1. The photocatalytic activity of the title MOF is more efficient than those of other reported MOFs, COFs and even inorganic semiconductors. The reusability, energy level, band gap, charge distribution and main degradation mechanisms of the photocatalyst were well studied.

Typewriter Tinnitus: Value of ABR as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator.

INTRODUCTION: Typewriter tinnitus refers to a special kind of staccato tinnitus, which is mostly described by patients as Morse code, popcorn, or machine-gun. It has been accepted that the mechanism of typewriter tinnitus is caused by the neurovascular compression of the cochleovestibular nerve. Patients who suffered from typewriter tinnitus have exhibited a good response to carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine, but there is a risk of recurrence after treatment cessation. The present study aims to determine the value of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in diagnosing typewriter tinnitus and predicting relapse after drug withdrawal. METHODS: Patients who presented with typewriter tinnitus from March 2019 to March 2022 were included for the present retrospective study. The auditory and vestibular test results and drug treatment effects were collected and analyzed. Patients with idiopathic unilateral subjective tinnitus, who were matched by age to patients with typewriter tinnitus at a ratio of 2:1, were consecutively recruited for the control group. RESULTS: Eighteen patients with typewriter tinnitus and 38 controls were included. Ears with typewriter tinnitus had longer interpeak latency (IPL) I-III, and wave III and V latencies, and a higher ratio of IPL I-III ≥2.3 ms based on ABR, when compared to the unaffected side and controls ( p <0.05). Seventeen patients with typewriter tinnitus responded positively to medication. Among these patients, seven patients had a relapse after drug cessation, while 10 patients did not have a relapse. The relapse group had significantly longer IPL I-III and wave V latency, older age, and poorer hearing, when compared to the nonrelapse group ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, IPL I-III had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the optimal cutoff was 2.4 ms (sensitivity, 100.0%; specificity, 66.7%). There were no significant differences in other demography or other clinical test results between the relapse and nonrelapse groups ( p > 0.05). Ramsay Hunt syndrome and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders were identified in two cases. CONCLUSION: Prolonged IPL I-III based on ABR can help in the diagnosis of typewriter tinnitus and its prognosis after treatment cessation. Patients with IPL I-III greater than 2.4 ms, older age and poorer hearing are more likely to relapse. In addition to the neurovascular conflict of the cochleovestibular nerve, the etiologies of neuroinflammation and demyelinating diseases are also possible for typewriter tinnitus.