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Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Dengue/epidemiologia , GenótipoRESUMO
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pose significant public health threats in Brazil, where favorable conditions facilitated the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. Since the mid-1980s, Brazil has experienced annual outbreaks of DENV, with recent increases in confirmed cases. In addition, CHIKV, which was first reported in 2014, has spread across the country. The concurrent presence of these viruses has triggered public health alerts in endemic regions, underscoring the complexity of managing vector-borne diseases. Case Presentation: This report details a case of simultaneous DENV and CHIKV infections. A 77-year-old female patient who has diabetes and arrhythmia exhibited symptoms including fever, myalgia, and severe arthralgia. Laboratory tests confirmed the coinfection through RNA detection. The patient received supportive care, showed gradual improvement, and was eventually discharged. Conclusions: Coinfection with DENV and CHIKV cases reported here developed with mild outcomes. However, one of the patients did not recover from the arthralgia after presenting diagnostic challenges, which underscores the need for accurate differentiation to manage symptoms effectively. The reported cases, amidst increasing DENV outbreaks, highlight the urgency for preparedness in the healthcare system. The Ribeirão Preto region's endemicity for DENV, coupled with the rising incidence of CHIKV, emphasizes the evolving landscape of arbovirus transmission. Studies on Aedes mosquitoes suggest potential implications for human infection dynamics, warranting further investigation into arbovirus transmission efficacy and coinfection dynamics.
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We aimed to describe the landscape, including molecular, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of CHIKV infections in the Ribeirao Preto region, an area endemic to dengue. We randomly screened 3744 plasma samples that had undergone DENV diagnosis to evaluate CHIKV-RNA using an in-house RT-PCR assay. Positive samples were followed clinically, and RNA samples were submitted to whole genome sequencing. Seventeen cases (0.5 %) were positive for CHIKV-RNA despite being negative for DENV-RNA. Notably, half of the patients experienced prolonged arthralgia lasting more than 90 days. Compared with the healthy control group, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in all CHIKV-positive individuals with statistically significant P values (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). The genomic analysis revealed that the CHIKV strains being studied are classified within the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype. This analysis identified new mutations, E1: K211E and E2: V264A, while the previously known mutation E1: A226V was not detected among these strains. This study highlights the need for epidemiological surveillance and preparedness for potential CHIKV epidemics in Brazil, particularly where other arboviruses co-circulate.
Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya , Vírus Chikungunya , Dengue , Genótipo , RNA Viral , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Vírus Chikungunya/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/genética , Adulto Jovem , Doenças Endêmicas , Adolescente , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Idoso , Criança , Filogenia , Mutação , Pré-Escolar , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Trombocitopenia/epidemiologia , Trombocitopenia/virologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the evidence available in literature on factors associated with inadequate treatment of syphilis in pregnant women. Methods: an integrative review, carried out in the LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases, with controlled descriptors therapeutic and prenatal syphilis. Results: nine publications composed the interpretative analysis, in which low education, income and maternal age, temporary lack of medication and HIV infection were associated with inadequate treatment of syphilis during pregnancy, in addition to delay or absence of prenatal care and receiving the 1st dose of penicillin, lack of tests or treatment less than 30 days before childbirth, and partners' low compliance with treatment. Final Considerations: among the main factors associated with inadequate treatment, clinical and sociodemographic aspects stand out, as well as failures in drug dispensing, prescription and monitoring of treatment of pregnant women and their partners by the health system.
RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre factores asociados al tratamiento inadecuado de la sífilis en gestantes. Métodos: revisión integradora, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed y EMBASE, con los descriptores controlados sífilis terapéutica embarazada y prenatal. Resultados: nueve publicaciones componían el análisis interpretativo, en el que la baja escolaridad, renta y edad materna, la falta temporal de medicación y la infección por VIH se asociaron con el tratamiento inadecuado de la sífilis durante el embarazo, además de la demora o ausencia de control prenatal y de recibir la 1a dosis de penicilina, falta de exámenes o tratamiento menos de 30 días antes del parto, y baja adherencia al tratamiento por parte de la pareja. Consideraciones Finales: entre los principales factores asociados al tratamiento inadecuado se destacan los aspectos clínicos y sociodemográficos de la gestante, así como las fallas en la dispensación, prescripción y seguimiento del tratamiento de la gestante y su pareja por parte del sistema de salud.
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os fatores associados ao tratamento inadequado da sífilis em gestantes. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed e EMBASE, com os descritores controlados sífilis gestantes terapêutica e pré-natal. Resultados: nove publicações compuseram a análise interpretativa, nas quais baixa escolaridade, renda e idade materna, falta temporária do medicamento e infecção por HIV foram associadas ao tratamento inadequado da sífilis na gestação, além do atraso ou ausência do pré-natal e no recebimento da 1ª dose de penicilina, falta de exames ou tratamento com menos de 30 dias antes do parto, e a baixa adesão do parceiro ao tratamento. Considerações Finais: dentre os principais fatores associados ao tratamento inadequado, destacam-se os aspectos clínicos da gestante, sociodemográficos, além de falhas na dispensação do medicamento, prescrição e acompanhamento do tratamento da gestante e do parceiro pelo sistema de saúde.
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Introdução: Apesar de ser uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível (IST) milenar com avanços no diagnóstico e com tratamento eficaz, a eliminação da sífilis constitui um desafio mundial. A sífilis é considerada um grave e prioritário problema de saúde pública, pois, nas gestantes, a doença traz consequências severas como: abortamento, prematuridade, natimortalidade, manifestações congênitas precoces ou tardias e/ou morte do recém-nascido. A sífilis congênita e todos os desfechos adversos da doença durante a gestação podem ser evitados com triagem oportuna no pré-natal, tratamento adequado para o estágio da sífilis e o monitoramento do controle de cura. Objetivo: Analisar o tratamento e o seguimento pós tratamento para sífilis em gestantes diagnosticadas pela atenção básica, e os fatores associados ao tratamento adequado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado por meio de dados secundários, nos quais as gestantes foram acompanhadas desde o diagnóstico até a saída do serviço de pré-natal da atenção básica, que ocorre na 36ª semana de gestação no município de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dois sistemas de informação, a saber: o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e o Sistema HYGIA. Para análise estatística dos dados foi utilizado o software STATA SE version 14. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. Resultados: Das 316 notificações incluídas no estudo, o tratamento adequado das gestantes ocorreu em 238 (75,3%) mulheres, sendo as variáveis idade (p=0,0406) e idade gestacional (p=0,007) associadas a esse tratamento. Houve 151 (58,8%) gestantes com a raça/cor não branca, 67 (35,5%) com ensino fundamental incompleto, a mediana de idade foi de 23 e 25 anos (respectivamente, tratamento adequado e não adequado), 98 (90%) sem trabalho formal, 230 (73%) com diagnóstico no primeiro trimestre da gestação e 273 (89%) com sífilis latente. Quanto ao seguimento pós tratamento, apenas 17 (5,3%) utilizaram os testes não treponêmicos da forma recomendada. Em 111 (35%) casos não houve tratamento da parceria sexual, sendo o motivo principal o fato do parceiro não ter tido mais contato com a gestante. Conclusão: Na análise do tratamento da sífilis gestacional durante o pré-natal verificou-se que a maioria das mulheres grávidas foram classificadas com o tratamento adequado, sendo esse associado a idade e idade gestacional. Apesar da maioria das gestantes terem feito pelo menos um teste não treponêmico no pós tratamento, somente uma pequena parcela das gestantes, realizaram o seguimento conforme recomendações. Identificou-se que o perfil sociodemográfico dessas gestantes corroboraram com os dados encontrados na literatura
Introduction: Despite being an ancient Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) with advances in diagnosis and effective treatment, the elimination of syphilis is a global challenge. Syphilis is considered a serious and priority public health problem because, in pregnant women, the disease has severe consequences such as: abortion, prematurity, stillbirth, early or late congenital manifestations and/or death of the newborn. Congenital syphilis and all adverse disease outcomes during pregnancy can be avoided with timely prenatal screening, appropriate treatment for the stage of syphilis, and monitoring of cure control. Objective: To analyze the treatment and post-treatment follow-up for syphilis in pregnant women diagnosed by primary care, and the factors associated with adequate treatment. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study, carried out using secondary data, in which pregnant women were followed up from diagnosis until leaving the prenatal service of primary care, which occurs in the 36th week of pregnancy in the municipality. from Ribeirão Preto - SP. Data were collected through two information systems, namely: the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the HYGIA System. For statistical analysis of the data, the STATA SE version 14 software was used. All ethical aspects were considered. Results: Of the 316 notifications included in the study, adequate treatment of pregnant women occurred in 238 (75.3%) women, with the variables age (p=0.0406) and gestational age (p=0.007) associated with this treatment. There were 151 (58.8%) pregnant women with non-white race/color, 67 (35.5%) with incomplete primary education, the median age was 23 and 25 years (respectively, adequate and inadequate treatment), 98 (90%) without formal work, 230 (73%) diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy and 273 (89%) with latent syphilis. As for post-treatment follow-up, only 17 (5.3%) used non-treponemal tests as recommended. In 111 (35%) cases there was no treatment of the sexual partner, the main reason being the fact that the partner did not have more contact with the pregnant woman. Conclusion: In the analysis of the treatment of gestational syphilis during prenatal care, it was found that most pregnant women were classified as having adequate treatment, which was associated with age and gestational age. Although most pregnant women had at least one non-treponemal test after treatment, only a small portion of pregnant women performed the follow-up as recommended. It was identified that the sociodemographic profile of these pregnant women corroborated the data found in the literature