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1.
J Clin Microbiol ; 62(1): e0122823, 2024 01 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38095417

RESUMO

Sulbactam-durlobactam is a ß-lactam/ß-lactamase inhibitor combination developed to treat hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC). Durlobactam is a diazabicyclooctane ß-lactamase inhibitor with potent activity against Ambler classes A, C, and D serine ß-lactamases and restores sulbactam activity against multidrug-resistant ABC. Studies were conducted to establish sulbactam-durlobactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for both broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion tests as well as quality control (QC) ranges. To establish the MIC test method, combinations of sulbactam and durlobactam were evaluated using a panel of genetically characterized A. baumannii isolates which were categorized as predicted to be susceptible or resistant based on the spectrum of ß-lactamase inhibition by durlobactam. MIC testing with doubling dilutions of sulbactam with a fixed concentration of 4 µg/mL of durlobactam resulted in the greatest discrimination of the pre-defined susceptible and resistant strains. Similarly, the sulbactam/durlobactam 10/10 µg disk concentration showed the best discrimination as well as correlation with the MIC test. A. baumannii NCTC 13304 was selected for QC purposes because it assesses the activity of both sulbactam and durlobactam with clear endpoints. Multi-laboratory QC studies were conducted according to CLSI M23 Tier 2 criteria. A sulbactam-durlobactam broth MIC QC range of 0.5/4-2/4 µg/mL and a zone diameter QC range of 24-30 mm were determined for A. baumannii NCTC 13304 and have been approved by CLSI. These studies will enable clinical laboratories to perform susceptibility tests with accurate and reproducible methods.


Assuntos
Acinetobacter baumannii , Compostos Azabicíclicos , Sulbactam , Humanos , Sulbactam/farmacologia , Sulbactam/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/farmacologia , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Controle de Qualidade , Combinação de Medicamentos
2.
J Clin Microbiol ; 62(1): e0054623, 2024 01 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38051069

RESUMO

The Selux Next-Generation Phenotyping (NGP) system (Charlestown, MA) is a new antimicrobial susceptibility testing system that utilizes two sequential assays performed on all wells of doubling dilution series to determine MICs. A multicenter evaluation of the performance of the Selux NGP system compared with reference broth microdilution was conducted following FDA recommendations and using FDA-defined breakpoints. A total of 2,488 clinical and challenge isolates were included; gram-negative isolates were tested against 24 antimicrobials, and gram-positive isolates were tested against 15 antimicrobials. Data is provided for all organism-antimicrobial combinations evaluated, including those that did and did not meet FDA performance requirements. Overall very major error and major error rates were less than 1% (31/3,805 and 107/15,606, respectively), essential agreement and categorical agreement were >95%, reproducibility was ≥95%, and the average time-to-result (from time of assay start to time of MIC result) was 5.65 hours.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Anti-Infecciosos , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
3.
J Clin Microbiol ; 61(6): e0017423, 2023 06 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37162363

RESUMO

We present the first performance evaluation results for omadacycline on the VITEK 2 and VITEK 2 Compact Systems (bioMérieux, Inc.). The trial was conducted at four external sites and one internal site. All sites were in the United States, geographically dispersed as follows: Indianapolis, IN; Schaumburg, IL; Wilsonville, OR; Cleveland, OH; and Hazelwood, MO. In this multisite study, omadacycline was tested against 858 Enterobacterales on the VITEK 2 antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) Gram-negative (GN) card, and the results were compared to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution (BMD) reference method. The results were analyzed and are presented as essential agreement (EA), category agreement (CA), minor error (mE) rates, major error (ME) rates, and very major error (VME) rates following the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Standards Organization (ISO) performance criteria requirements. Omadacycline has susceptibility testing interpretive criteria (breakpoints) established by the FDA only; nevertheless, the analysis was also performed using the ISO acceptance criteria to satisfy the registration needs of countries outside the United States. The analysis following FDA criteria (including only Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae) showed the following performance: EA = 97.9% (410/419), CA = 94.3% (395/419), VME = 2% (1/51), with no ME present. The performance following ISO criteria (including all Enterobacterales tested) after error resolutions was EA = 98.1% (842/858) and CA = 96.9% (831/858). No ME or VME were observed. The VITEK 2 test met the ISO and FDA criteria of ≥ 95% reproducibility, and ≥ 95% quality control (QC) results within acceptable ranges for QC organisms. In June 2022, the omadacycline VITEK 2 test received FDA 510(k) clearance (K213931) FDA as a diagnostic device to be used in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections caused by E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae, and for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae. The new VITEK 2 AST-GN omadacycline test provides an alternative to the BMD reference method testing and increases the range of automated diagnostic tools available for determining omadacycline MICs in Enterobacterales.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Tetraciclinas , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tetraciclinas/farmacologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae
4.
J Clin Microbiol ; 60(1): e0161021, 2022 01 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34705536

RESUMO

The carbapenem/beta-lactamase inhibitor meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV) used to treat complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis in adults was approved in 2017 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we evaluated Vitek 2 MEV (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) compared to the reference broth microdilution (BMD) method. Of 449 Enterobacterales isolates analyzed per FDA/CLSI breakpoints, the overall performance was 98.2% essential agreement (EA), 98.7% category agreement (CA), and 0% very major errors (VME) or major errors (ME). For 438 FDA intended-for-use Enterobacterales isolates, performance was 98.2% EA, 98.6% CA, and 0% VME or ME. Evaluable EA was 81.0%, but with only 42 on-scale evaluable results. Individual species demonstrated EA and CA rates of ≥90% without any VME or ME. When evaluated using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints, overall Vitek 2 MEV performance for Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated 97.3% EA, 99.2% CA, 2.3% VME, and 0.6% ME (after error resolution: 97.3% EA, 99.4% CA, 2.2% VME, and 0.4% ME) compared to the reference BMD method. Performance for P. aeruginosa included 92.2% EA, 97.4% CA, 0% VME, and 3.0% ME (after error resolution: 92.2% EA, 98.7% CA, 0% VME, and 1.5% ME). Performance for Enterobacterales included 98.2% EA, 99.6% CA, 3.0% VME, and 0.2% ME. Evaluable EA was 80.6% but was based on only 67 evaluable results. These findings support Vitek 2 MEV as an accurate automated system for MEV susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa and could be an alternate solution to the manual-labor-intensive reference BMD method.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ácidos Borônicos , Humanos , Meropeném/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
5.
J Clin Microbiol ; 59(7): e0311720, 2021 06 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33910968

RESUMO

Exebacase (CF-301), a novel, antistaphylococcal lysin (cell wall hydrolase) is the first agent of this class to enter late-stage clinical development (phase 3, NCT04160468) for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, including right-sided endocarditis. A multilaboratory Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M23-defined tier 2 quality control (QC) study was conducted to establish exebacase QC ranges for a new reference broth microdilution method. S. aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were selected as reference QC strains. Broth microdilution MIC QC ranges for exebacase spanned 4 log2 dilutions and contained 99.2% of the MIC results generated for the two reference strains. The QC ranges for exebacase were defined as 0.25 to 2 µg/ml and 8 to 64 µg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212, respectively, and were approved by the CLSI Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. These QC ranges established for use with the reference broth microdilution method developed for exebacase susceptibility testing will ensure the test performance and accuracy of results generated during clinical development.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Endopeptidases , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Controle de Qualidade
6.
J Clin Microbiol ; 59(12): e0144721, 2021 11 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34524889

RESUMO

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is known for causing serious lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). These infections can require lung transplantation, eligibility for which may be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). While the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends AST for BCC, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) does not, due to poor method performance and correlation with clinical outcomes. Furthermore, limited data exist on the performance of automated AST methods for BCC. To address these issues, reproducibility and accuracy were evaluated for disk diffusion (DD), broth microdilution (BMD), and MicroScan WalkAway using 50 B. cenocepacia and 50 B. multivorans isolates collected from people with CF. The following drugs were evaluated in triplicate: chloramphenicol (CAM), ceftazidime (CAZ), meropenem (MEM), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), minocycline (MIN), levofloxacin (LVX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TAZ). BMD reproducibility was ≥ 95% for MEM and MIN only, and MicroScan WalkAway reproducibility was similar to BMD. DD reproducibility was < 90% for all drugs tested when a 3 mm cut-off was applied. When comparing the accuracy of DD to BMD, only MEM met all acceptance criteria. TMP-SMX and LVX had high minor errors, CAZ had unacceptable very major errors (VME), and MIN, PIP-TAZ, and CIP had both unacceptable minor errors and VMEs. For MicroScan WalkAway, no drugs met acceptance criteria. Analyses also showed that errors were not attributed to one species. In general, our data agree with EUCAST recommendations.


Assuntos
Infecções por Burkholderia , Burkholderia cenocepacia , Complexo Burkholderia cepacia , Fibrose Cística , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Burkholderia , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 57(9)2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31315953

RESUMO

This report describes the results of two different, multilaboratory quality control (QC) studies that were used to establish QC ranges for the novel gyrase inhibitor zoliflodacin against the ATCC strains recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Following the completion of an eight-laboratory, CLSI document M23-defined tier 2 study, the agar dilution MIC QC range for zoliflodacin against the Neisseria gonorrhoeae QC strain ATCC 49226 was defined as 0.06 to 0.5 µg/ml and was approved by the CLSI Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. This QC range will be used for in vitro susceptibility testing of zoliflodacin during phase 3 human clinical trials and surveillance studies, and eventually it will be implemented in clinical labs. In a separate study, broth microdilution MIC quality control ranges for zoliflodacin against additional QC strains were determined to be 0.12 to 0.5 µg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, 0.25 to 2 µg/ml for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, 1 to 4 µg/ml for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 0.12 to 0.5 µg/ml for Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, and 0.12 to 1 µg/ml for Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247. These MIC QC ranges were also approved by CLSI for use in future in vitro susceptibility testing studies against organisms other than N. gonorrhoeae.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Barbitúricos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Isoxazóis , Morfolinas , Oxazolidinonas , Controle de Qualidade
8.
J Clin Microbiol ; 56(8)2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29848561

RESUMO

This multicenter study evaluated the performance of the Cepheid Xpert Carba-R assay, a qualitative PCR test designed for the rapid detection of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaOXA-48 carbapenem resistance genes from bacterial isolates grown on blood agar or MacConkey agar. The results were compared to those obtained from bidirectional DNA sequence analysis of nucleic acid extracted from pure colonies. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii that tested as either intermediate or resistant to a carbapenem antibiotic were analyzed. A total of 467 isolates were evaluated, including prospectively collected clinical isolates, frozen isolates, and a group of contrived broth specimens sent by a central reference laboratory. The assay was run on the GeneXpert platform and took 48 min, with less than 1 min of hands-on time. Compared to the results of the reference methods, the overall sensitivity of the assay was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.0 to 100%) for isolates grown on both blood and MacConkey agars. Overall specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 93.1 to 99.8%) and 97.1% (95% CI, 91.7 to 99.4%) for blood and MacConkey agars, respectively. This platform, previously demonstrated to be effective for the detection of carbapenemase genes in rectal swabs, is also adequate for the detection of these genes in bacterial colonies isolated from blood and MacConkey agars.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/enzimologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Humanos , Illinois , Itália , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/normas , Oregon , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/normas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo
9.
J Clin Microbiol ; 56(9)2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29976590

RESUMO

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) is a novel beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) and complicated urinary tract infections. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the C/T Etest, a gradient diffusion method. C/T Etest was compared to broth microdilution (BMD) for 51 Enterobacteriaceae challenge isolates and 39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge isolates at three clinical sites. Essential agreement (EA) between the methods ranged from 47 to 49/51 (92.2 to 96.1%) for the Enterobacteriaceae, and categorical agreement (CA) ranged from 49 to 51/51 (96.1 to 100.0%). EA and CA for P. aeruginosa were 100% at all sites. The C/T Etest was also compared to BMD for susceptibility testing on 966 clinical isolates (793 Enterobacteriaceae, including 167 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 159 Escherichia coli isolates, in addition to 173 P. aeruginosa isolates) collected at four clinical sites. EA between Etest and BMD was 96.9% for Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 98.8% for P. aeruginosa isolates. Within the Enterobacteriaceae, isolates from each species examined had >96% CA. For the clinical isolates, no very major errors were identified but two major errors were found (one for K. pneumoniae and one for Providencia rettgeri). By BMD, 47.0% of Enterobacteriaceae and 46.2% of P. aeruginosa challenge strains were nonsusceptible to C/T by CLSI breakpoint criteria; 8.2% of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 12.1% of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were nonsusceptible to C/T by CLSI breakpoint criteria. In conclusion, Etest is accurate and reproducible for C/T susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/métodos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Tazobactam/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/normas , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Humanos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
10.
J Clin Microbiol ; 55(7): 2268-2275, 2017 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28515213

RESUMO

Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) have been identified by global health leaders as an urgent threat. Detection of patients with gastrointestinal carriage of CPO is necessary to interrupt their spread within health care facilities. In this multisite study, we assessed the performance of the Xpert Carba-R test, a rapid real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that detects five families of carbapenemase genes (blaIMP, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, and blaVIM) directly from rectal swab specimens. Using dual swabs, specimens from 755 patients were collected and tested prospectively. An additional 432 contrived specimens were prepared by seeding well-characterized carbapenem-susceptible and -nonsusceptible strains into a rectal swab matrix and inoculating them onto swabs prior to testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, broth enriched culture, and DNA sequencing were performed by a central laboratory blind to the Xpert Carba-R results. The Xpert Carba-R assay demonstrated a positive percentage of agreement (PPA) between 60 and 100% for four targets (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaOXA-48) and a negative percentage of agreement (NPA) ranging between 98.9 and 99.9% relative to the reference method (culture and sequencing of any carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolate). There were no prospective blaIMP-positive samples. Contrived specimens demonstrated a PPA between 95 and 100% and an NPA of 100% for all targets. Testing of rectal swabs directly using the Xpert Carba-R assay is effective for rapid detection and identification of CPO from hospitalized patients.


Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Reto/microbiologia , Fatores de Tempo
11.
J Clin Microbiol ; 55(6): 1954-1960, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28404676

RESUMO

Eighty Gram-negative bacilli (54 Enterobacteriaceae and 26 nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli) obtained from multiple institutions in the United States were distributed in a blinded manner to seven testing laboratories to compare their performance of a test for detection of carbapenemase production, the Carba NP test. The Carba NP test was performed by all laboratories, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) procedure. Site-versus-site comparisons demonstrated a high level of consistency for the Carba NP assay, with just 3/21 site comparisons yielding a difference in sensitivity (P < 0.05). Previously described limitations with blaOXA-48-like carbapenemases and blaOXA carbapenemases associated with Acinetobacter baumannii were noted. Based on these data, we demonstrate that the Carba NP test, when implemented with the standardized CLSI methodology, provides reproducible results across multiple sites for detection of carbapenemases.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/análise , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estados Unidos
12.
J Clin Microbiol ; 54(3): 749-53, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26677246

RESUMO

Test parameter variations were evaluated for their effects on surotomycin MICs. Calcium concentration was the only variable that influenced MICs; therefore, 50 µg/ml (standard for lipopeptide testing) is recommended. Quality control ranges for Clostridium difficile (0.12 to 1 µg/ml) and Eggerthella lenta (broth, 1 to 4 µg/ml; agar, 1 to 8 µg/ml) were approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute based on these data.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Clostridioides difficile/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Peptídeos Cíclicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
13.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist ; 30: 96-99, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35500838

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Antibiotics are associated with increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection, which has limited treatment options. We assessed in vitro activity of omadacycline (an aminomethylcycline antibiotic) against the C. difficile infection strain and efficacy in a hamster model of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea. METHODS: Omadacycline, clindamycin, tigecycline, vancomycin, and metronidazole minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the infection-model strain (C. difficile ATCC 43596) were determined. Hamsters were pretreated with subcutaneous clindamycin (10 mg/kg) and infected 24 h later with C. difficile ATCC 43596; 24 h post infection, they received oral omadacycline (50 mg/kg/day), vancomycin (50 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 5 days. Efficacy was reported as survival. RESULTS: Omadacycline was as active as tigecycline, vancomycin, and metronidazole (MIC 0.06 mg/L); clindamycin showed no activity. Median survival in hamsters was: 12 days, omadacycline; 2 days, vancomycin; 4 days, clindamycin pretreatment only. CONCLUSION: Omadacycline exhibited potent in vitro activity against C. difficile and showed efficacy in a model of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea.


Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Clindamicina/farmacologia , Clindamicina/uso terapêutico , Clostridioides , Cricetinae , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Tetraciclinas , Tigeciclina , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico
14.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 54(5): 2063-9, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20231392

RESUMO

This study assessed the spectrum of activity of torezolid (TR-700), the active moiety of torezolid phosphate (TR-701), and proposes tentative MIC and disk diffusion breakpoints as well as quality control ranges. The in vitro susceptibilities of 1,096 bacterial isolates, representing 23 different species or phenotypic groups, were determined for torezolid, linezolid, cefotaxime, and levofloxacin using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution MICs, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), agar dilution, and disk diffusion testing methods. Torezolid was very active against the majority of Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC(50) = 0.25 microg/ml, MIC(90)

Assuntos
Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/normas , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Organofosfatos/farmacologia , Oxazóis/farmacologia , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , Tetrazóis/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterococcaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , História Medieval , Técnicas In Vitro , Técnicas de Diluição do Indicador/normas , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas Microbiológicas/normas , Organofosfatos/química , Oxazóis/química , Oxazolidinonas/química , Controle de Qualidade , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tetrazóis/química
15.
J Clin Microbiol ; 48(7): 2469-75, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20444971

RESUMO

Mupirocin susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus has become more important as mupirocin is used more widely to suppress or eliminate S. aureus colonization and prevent subsequent health care- and community-associated infections. The present multicenter study evaluated two susceptibility testing screening methods to detect mupirocin high-level resistance (HLR), broth microdilution (BMD) MICs of >or=512 microg/ml, and a 6-mm zone diameter for a disk diffusion (DD) test with a 200-microg disk. Initial testing indicated that with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods for BMD and DD testing, the optimal conditions for the detection of mupirocin HLR were 24 h of incubation and reading of the DD zone diameters with transmitted light. Using the presence or absence of mupA as the "gold standard" for HLR, the sensitivity and specificity of a single-well 256 microg/ml BMD test were 97 and 99%, respectively, and those for the 200-microg disk test were 98 and 99%, respectively. Testing with two disks, 200 microg and 5 microg, was evaluated for its ability to distinguish HLR isolates (MICs >or= 512 microg/ml), low-level-resistant (LLR) isolates (MICs = 8 to 256 microg/ml), and susceptible isolates (MICs

Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mupirocina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação
16.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 53(3): 1271-4, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19114671

RESUMO

The spectrum of activity of ceftaroline was evaluated against 1,247 bacterial isolates representing 44 different species or phenotypic groups. For the majority of species, the activity of ceftaroline was comparable or superior to that of ceftriaxone. MIC and/or disk diffusion quality control ranges of ceftaroline were determined for five standard ATCC reference strains.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ceftriaxona/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Controle de Qualidade , Ceftarolina
17.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 53(5): 1735-8, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19223623

RESUMO

The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin against a collection of 479 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were assessed. The isolates were collected from U.S. and European hospitals from 1985 to 2007 and were primarily from blood and abscess cultures. The MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the three agents were determined, and the MBC/MIC ratios were calculated to determine the presence or absence of tolerance. Tolerance was defined as an MBC/MIC ratio of > or = 32 or an MBC/MIC ratio of > or = 16 when the MBC was greater than or equal to the breakpoint for resistance. Tolerance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was observed in 6.1% and 18.8% of the strains, respectively. Tolerance to daptomycin was not observed.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Daptomicina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Teicoplanina/farmacologia , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Abscesso/microbiologia , Sangue/microbiologia , Meios de Cultura , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia
18.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 95(4): 114879, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31466875

RESUMO

Lysins are direct lytic agents which act through enzymatic cell-wall-hydrolysis and represent a potential new class of antimicrobial agents in development to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Exebacase (CF-301) is a first-in-class lysin now in clinical development for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) when used in addition to conventional antibiotics. Exebacase and comparator antibiotics were tested by broth microdilution against a set of 535 clinical MSSA and MRSA isolates collected from 2015 to 2017 throughout the United States, Europe and South America. All S. aureus isolates were inhibited by ≤1 mg/L exebacase (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 mg/L) with a range of 0.25-1 mg/L. No difference in susceptibility was observed between the MSSA and MRSA isolates. Exebacase was uniformly and equivalently active against all recent clinical MSSA and MRSA surveillance isolates from a broad survey across 3 continents.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Endopeptidases/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , América do Sul , Estados Unidos
19.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 52(11): 3863-7, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18725451

RESUMO

Retapamulin, the first pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent approved for the topical treatment of skin infections in humans, was tested against 987 clinical isolates representing 30 species and/or resistance groups. MICs were determined along with disk diffusion zone diameters using a 2-microg disk. Population distribution and MIC versus disk zone diameter scattergrams were analyzed to determine microbiological MIC cutoff values and inhibition zone correlates. Minimum bactericidal concentrations were performed on a smaller subset of key species. The retapamulin MIC(90) against 234 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 110 coagulase-negative staphylococci was 0.12 microg/ml. Retapamulin MIC(90)s ranged from 0.03 to 0.06 microg/ml against beta-hemolytic streptococci including 102 Streptococcus pyogenes, 103 Streptococcus agalactiae, 59 group C Streptococcus, and 71 group G Streptococcus isolates. The MIC(90) against 55 viridans group streptococci was 0.25 microg/ml. Retapamulin had very little activity against 151 gram-negative bacilli and most of the Enterococcus species tested. Based on the data from this study, for staphylococci, MICs of or=2 microg/ml with corresponding disk diffusion values of >or=20 mm, 17 to 19 mm, and or=15 mm can be proposed for susceptible-only microbiological cutoffs.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/administração & dosagem , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/métodos , Diterpenos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Mupirocina/administração & dosagem , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus/classificação , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação
20.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 52(7): 2639-43, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18443117

RESUMO

Of 393 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from U.S. children collected in 2005-2006, nonvaccine serotypes accounted for 89.1%, with serotype 19A the most prevalent, representing 30.5% of all isolates. The MIC(90) of faropenem against serotype 19A isolates was 1 mug/ml, compared to > or =8 microg/ml against amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefdinir, cefuroxime axetil, and azithromycin.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamas/farmacologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Lactente , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenótipo , Infecções Pneumocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Estados Unidos
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