RESUMO
The dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-BA.1 variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the United States became increasingly significant. The number of detected introductions varied from 96 and 101 for Alpha and Delta to 39 for Omicron-BA.1. Most of these introductions left a low number of descendants (<10), suggesting a limited impact on the evolution of the pandemic in Galicia. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/virologia , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , PandemiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of high-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in Galicia remained unknown before the introduction of the HPV vaccine. The objective of this study was to estimate this prevalence in non-vaccinated women when vaccination against HR-HPV started. Sample representativeness was also evaluated. METHODS: Female volunteers aged 16-64 years, residents in Galicia, Spain, completed a questionnaire and provided biological samples for a virological study and for cytology. The sample was weighted; prevalence rates were estimated and are shown with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Virological results were available for 1703 women. HR-HPV prevalence was 10.1%, decreasing notably at ages above 30 years. HPV-16 was the most frequent genotype and 3.6% of women were infected by more than one genotype. No adjustment was necessary to generalize the results of the study. CONCLUSIONS: In Galicia in 2009 there would be 96 400 women aged 16-64 years infected with HR-HPV. It is possible to estimate HR-HPV prevalence in a population starting from a volunteer sample.
Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae , Prevalência , Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the USA became increasingly significant. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
Assuntos
Valva Aórtica/microbiologia , Bioprótese/efeitos adversos , Febre/diagnóstico , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Febre/sangue , Febre/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , EspanhaAssuntos
Valva Aórtica/microbiologia , Bioprótese/efeitos adversos , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Lactococcus lactis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , EspanhaAssuntos
Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/diagnósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We present the largest study conducted in Galicia on the prevalence and distribution of HCV genotypes/subtypes. METHODS: Retrospective study collecting the total number of patients chronically infected by HCV between 2000.01.01 to 2015.12.31 in 3of the main health areas: Santiago, Pontevedra and Vigo. RESULTS: We collected a total of 4469 patients. The median age was 50 years (IQR 57-45), 72,3% were men, 0,4% were coinfected with another genotype, 20,6% were coinfected with HIV and 35.2% with HBV. The main route of transmission was parenteral (83,1%), followed by unknown (15,3%), sexual (1,4%) and vertical (0,2%). The distribution of genotypes was: 62,9% HCV-1 (29,2% HCV-1a and 31,9% HCV-1b), 3,4% HCV-2, 21,0% HCV-3, 12,6% HCV-4 and 0,1% HCV-5. CONCLUSION: The distribution of genotypes in Galicia shows significant differences with respect to that observed in Spain. This distribution varies with age, gender, coinfection with HIV and/or HBV, and within geographical areas.