Blue agave inulin-soluble dietary fiber: effect on technological quality properties of pangasius mince emulsion-type sausage.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of supplementing pangasius mince-based emulsion sausages with blue agave-derived inulin at 1% (T1), 2% (T2), 3% (T3), 4% (T4), and 5% (T5) on its technological quality attributes and acceptability. RESULTS: The cooking yield of T-2, T-3, and T-4 sausages (96-97%) exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05), which was higher than the other lots. The T-2 batter exhibited a significant difference with all other treatments, showing the lowest total expressible fluid (12.20%) value, indicating the highest emulsion stability of the batter. There was a significant effect on the diameter reduction of the cooked sausages as the level of inulin increased. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the proteolysis of raw mince without inulin and new bands in cooked sausage samples were observed. Increasing inulin content increased the hardness of the sausages from 2510.81 ± 114.31 g to 3415.54 ± 75.88. The differential scanning calorimetry melting temperatures of peak 2 of the T-1, T-2, T-3, and T-4 increased as the inulin content increased from 1 to 4%. The scanning electron microscope images exhibited a smooth appearance on the surface as the inulin level increased. CONCLUSION: The sausages incorporated with the 2% and 3% blue agave plant-derived inulin (T-2 and T-3) showed better sensory overall acceptability scores than the control. The results suggested that the blue agave plant-derived inulin could be efficiently utilized at the 2% and 3% levels to enhance the quality of emulsion-type pangasius sausage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

INSTRuCT: Protocol, Infrastructure, and Governance.

Background and Purpose: Very few large scale multicentric stroke clinical trials have been done in India. The Indian Council of Medical Research funded INSTRuCT (Indian Stroke Clinical Trial Network) as a task force project with the objectives to establish a state-of-the-art stroke clinical trial network and to conduct pharmacological and nonpharmacological stroke clinical trials relevant to the nation and globally. The purpose of the article is to enumerate the structure of multicentric stroke network, with emphasis on its scope, challenges and expectations in India. Methods: Multiple expert group meetings were conducted by Indian Council of Medical Research to understand the scope of network to perform stroke clinical trials in the country. Established stroke centers with annual volume of 200 patients with stroke with prior experience of conducting clinical trials were included. Central coordinating center, standard operating procedures, data and safety monitoring board were formed. Discussion: In first phase, 2 trials were initiated namely, SPRINT (Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in India) and Ayurveda treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke in India (RESTORE [Rehabilitation of Ischemic stroke Patients in India: A Randomized controlled trial]). In second phase, 4 trials have been approved. SPRINT trial was the first to be initiated. SPRINT trial randomized first patient on April 28, 2018; recruited 3048 patients with an average of 128.5 per month so far. The first follow-up was completed on May 27, 2019. RESTORE trial randomized first patient on May 22, 2019; recruited 49 patients with an average of 3.7 per month so far. The first follow-up was completed on August 30, 2019. Conclusions: In next 5 years, INSTRuCT will be able to complete high-quality large scale stroke trials which are relevant globally. REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.ctri.nic.in/; Unique Identifier: CTRI/2017/05/008507.

Shelf-Stability of Kiln- and Liquid-Smoked Inulin-Fortified Emulsion-Type Pangasius Mince Sausage at Refrigerated Temperature.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the kiln (SK-S) and liquid smoking (LS-S) processes on the quality of inulin-fortified emulsion-type Pangasius mince sausages. The moisture content during the storage significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in C-S (control) sausages and increased (p < 0.05) in SK-S and LS-S sausages. The protein content decreased (p < 0.05) in C-S, SK-S, and LS-S throughout the storage period. Initially, among the three processed sausages, LS-S showed a lower pH value, and as the days of storage progressed, all the treatments exhibited a declining trend (p < 0.05). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the PV was observed in all the sausages during the storage days at 5 ± 1 °C, but the intensity of the increase was lower in SK-S and LS-S. The total viable count of C-S and SK-S sausages reached the limit of acceptability (6 log10cfu g-1) on the 20th day and on the 24th day of storage. The electrophoretic protein pattern of LS-S samples exhibited retention of all bands, indicating the lower proteolysis of MHC, actin, and troponin T in comparison with other treatments. The hardness (p < 0.05) and cohesiveness (p > 0.05) values of both SK-S and LS-S reduced as the storage days progressed. The present study indicates that the emulsion-type Pangasius sausages incorporated with inulin powder (2%) exposed to kiln smoking and commercial liquid smoking retained good-to-better sensory attributes up to day 16 (C-S) and day 20 (SK-S and LS-S) under refrigerated storage at 5 ± 1 °C in low-density vacuum polyethylene (LDPE) pouches.

Diverse uses of valuable seafood processing industry waste for sustainability: a review.

Seafoods are rich in untapped bioactive compounds that have the potential to provide novel ingredients for the development of commercial functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, a large portion of waste or discards is generated in commercial processing setups (50-80%), which is wasted or underutilized. These by-products are a rich source of novel and valuable biomolecules, including bioactive peptides, collagen and gelatin, oligosaccharides, fatty acids, enzymes, calcium, water-soluble minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, chitin, chitosan and biopolymers. These fish components may be used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, environmental, biomedical and other industries. Furthermore, they provide a viable source for the production of biofuels. As a result, the current review emphasizes the importance of effective by-product and discard reduction techniques that can provide practical and profitable solutions. Recognizing this, many initiatives have been initiated to effectively use them and generate income for the long-term sustainability of the environment and economic framework of the processing industry. This comprehensive review summarizes the current state of the art in the sustainable valorisation of seafood by-products for human consumption. The review can generate a better understanding of the techniques for seafood waste valorisation to accelerate the sector while providing significant benefits.

Elastosis perforans serpiginosa, Down syndrome, and moyamoya disease.

A 16-year-old girl with Down syndrome, moyamoya disease, and history of a previous stroke presented with acute onset of left hemiparesis and elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa in a patient with Down syndrome and moyamoya disease is a novel finding. Development of elastosis perforans serpiginosa in association with progressive vaso-occlusive disease may be a biological marker of progression of moyamoya disease.

Telephonic guidance of systemic thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: safety outcome in rural hospitals.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety of telephonic guidance for use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) in rural hospitals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective survey of 123 consecutive patients treated with IV rtPA for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in rural hospitals between November 2003 and September 2006 and subsequently transferred to a tertiary medical center. Selection for treatment was performed by a stroke neurologist who conducted a structured telephone interview of the requesting physician. Primary outcome measures included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Elapsed time (ET) from stroke onset to community hospital arrival was 54+/-30 min. ET from stroke onset to tPA bolus was 133+/-37 min. Three patients (2.5%) had symptomatic ICH, 11 (9%) had asymptomatic ICH, 9 patients (7.5%) died. Mean length of stay was 4+/-3 days; 47% were discharged to their homes. Mean ET from stroke onset to rtPA dosage did not differ significantly from the active treatment group of the NINDS rtPA Stroke Study. Prevalence of symptomatic ICH and mortality were lower in our population. CONCLUSION: We conclude that telephonic guidance of rtPA treatment is safe, practical, and effective in overcoming barriers for optimal care of AIS in rural communities.

Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome: A Rare Manifestation of Dengue Infection in a Child.

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is an inflammatory neurological disorder, which is characterized by chaotic uncontrolled movements of the eyes and involuntary jerk-like movements of the body. Different modalities of treatment have been described in medical literature to treat OMS. Immunomodulatory treatment with either steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin has been considered. Our case was a 14-year-old boy who presented with fever, mild confusion, without any seizures or focal deficits. On examination, he had opsoclonus in his eyes and had cortical myoclonus in his hands and body. On evaluation, he had low platelets, normal metabolic workup, normal brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. He was managed conservatively and had spontaneous improvement in opsoclonus myoclonus by 5th day of his illness and complete recovery in 2 weeks. Although dengue is primarily considered hematotropic virus, it can involve nervous system as well and manifest with OMS.

Pituitary apoplexy: a neurological emergency case report.

Pituitary Apoplexy (PA) is associated with the sudden onset of headache, visual symptoms, altered mental status, and hormonal dysfunction due to acute hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. PA is one of the most serious life threatening complications of pituitary adenoma. We report a 48-year-old male who woke lip with the worst headache of his life and was found to have an infarction of a pituitary macroadenoma. Rapid recognition, prompt management, and neurosurgical referral was lifesaving in this patient.

GABA agonist: clomethiazole.

Neuroprotective agents inhibit reactions in the brain ischaemic injury cascade which lead to neuronal death. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a naturally occurring inhibitory neurotransmitter that increases chloride influx into the neuron and counteracts the toxic effects of glutamate. Clomethiazole is a GABA(A) agonist, which causes membrane hyperpolarization, counteracting depolarization and the subsequent cascade of biochemical events that result in neuronal death. Promising results in animal models resulted in clinical trials conducted in humans. However, large randomized placebo controlled trials in Europe, Canada and North America did not show the superiority of clomethiazole over placebo that was seen in animal models.