Prevalence and Factors Associated With Criminal Behavior Among Illicit Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Studies indicate high rates of criminal behavior, violent activities, and legal problems among illicit drug users (IDU) in Brazil. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with criminal behavior among IDU undergoing treatment for chemical dependency in Central Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with IDU undergoing treatment for chemical dependence. Data were collected by means of face-to-face interviews and analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the total participants (n = 274), 46.7%, 15.7%, and 10.9% reported involvement in robbery, drug trafficking and homicide, respectively. Robbery was associated with young age, withdrawal symptoms, prison record, sex work, and crack use, while drug trafficking was associated with young age, low education, and marijuana use. Homicides were associated with cocaine and marijuana use. CONCLUSION: The results show high rates of criminal behavior among drug users, demonstrating associations between socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, illicit drug use, and practices of illegal activities. These variables must be considered when planning programs and policies to reduce harm related to drug use and abuse.

Transactional Sex among Noninjecting Illicit Drug Users: Implications for HIV Transmission.

Noninjecting illicit drug users (NIDUs) present high risk for HIV infection, due especially to transactional sex. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for transactional sex among NIDUs in the Southwest region of Goiás State, Central Brazil. The prevalence of self-reported transactional sex was 22.8%. Prevalence in women and men was 52.7% and 16.8%, respectively, a significant difference (p < 0.001). Crack use and history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) were risk factors for transactional sex in men. Homelessness, crack use, sex under the influence of drugs, and history of sexual violence were risk factors for transactional sex in women. A high prevalence of transactional sex was observed among NIDUs. This risk behavior may contribute to the high rates of HIV among this population and their social networks and in the general population.

Application of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) instrument: an integrative review. / Aplicação do instrumento Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): uma revisão integrativa.

Objective To systematize the knowledge and the learning of how the instrument Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) has been applied. Method Integrative review, performed from May to July 2014, searching the databases Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), as well as in the search system of the Portal of Journals of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). We selected 26 articles. Results ASSIST focused on helping the identification and classification of psychoactive substances use, and it has proved to be important in screening the involvement with alcohol and other drugs, and effectiveness in primary health care. Conclusion It was confirmed as an instrument to be used in Health Care.

Epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in truck drivers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a sample of truck drivers in Brazil. METHODS: Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 truck drivers who operate on the BR-050 highway in Brazil. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, mental health, behavioral data, and tobacco use. Then, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to verify nicotine dependence in smoking truck drivers. Logistic regression and linear regression were also used to verify factors associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days and nicotine dependence scores, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use among truck drivers was 21.1% (n = 132;95%CI: 18.1-24.5). Of the total number of smokers who responded to the FTND (n = 118; 89.4%), most had high/very high nicotinic dependence (68.6%; 95%CI: 59.8-76.3). Tobacco use was associated with absence of religion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.60; 95%CI: 1.35-5.01), employment relationship of the contract (AOR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.26-3.13); > 12 hours daily working time (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.09-2.98) and alcohol use in the previous 30 days (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.86-4.57). Irregular physical activity was associated with higher scores of nicotine dependence (ß = 1.87; 95%CI: 0.55-3.19). CONCLUSION: The results showed a high prevalence of tobacco use and high/very high nicotine dependence among the truck drivers.

Screening for common mental disorder in elderly residents in the countryside: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associated factors in the elderly in a municipality in the countryside of the Brazilian Midwest. METHODS: Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional approach research, conducted with 218 elderly people. RESULTS: The prevalence of the common mental disorder among the elderly was 25.1%; in the univariate analysis, it was higher in females (35.4%), in the age group of 80 years or older (46.1%), brown skin color (30.2%), widowed (42.6%), illiterate (47.6%), and retired (27.6%). In the multiple analysis, the variables female gender (p<0.006), age 80 years or older (p<0.036), dissatisfaction with life (p<0.009), lack of social interaction (p=0.017), and dysfunctional family (p=0.021) remained associated with CMD. CONCLUSION: The results revealed are helpful and contribute to the reinforcement of the need for mental health care in this population extract so growing worldwide.

Determinants of mental health and abuse of psychoactive substances associated with tobacco use. A case-control study. / Determinantes de saúde mental e abuso de substâncias psicoativas associadas ao tabagismo. Estudo de caso controle.

This study aimed to estimate the strength of association among smokers with variables regarding mental health, family functionality, and use of other psychoactive substances. This is a case-control observational study developed from March to November 2016. The study was conducted in a Brazilian Midwest municipality with 646 subjects, of which 323 were cases. In the model, the case group comprised subjects with a certain degree of tobacco dependence. The control group included subjects that were not exposed to tobacco. Concerning tobacco use time, the mean exposure of the case group was 25.65 years. In the multiple logistic regression analysis model the following were positively associated: non-white skin color (p = 0.002); years of study ≤ 8 (p < 0.001); having children (p < 0.001); informal work (p = 0.024); not having a health plan (p < 0.001); high family dysfunction (p = 0.007); AUDIT ≥ 8 (p < 0.001); depression (p < 0.001); having illicit drug in lifetime (p < 0.001); living with other people (p = 0.003) and no religion (p = 0.001). This study reinforces the vulnerability of smokers, associating variables correlated to the field of mental health, and innovates by discussing the influence of family relationships on nicotinic dependence.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a força de associação entre tabagistas com variáveis referentes à saúde mental, à funcionalidade familiar e ao uso de outras substâncias psicoativas. Estudo caso-controle, observacional, desenvolvido nos meses de março a novembro de 2016. O campo de estudo foi um município no Centro-Oeste do país e constituiu-se por uma população de 646 indivíduos, sendo 323 casos. No modelo, o grupo caso compreendeu indivíduos com algum grau de dependência ao tabaco. O grupo controle envolveu indivíduos que não foram expostos ao tabaco. Em relação ao tempo de tabagismo, a média de exposição do grupo caso foi de 25,65 anos. No modelo de análise múltipla de regressão logística associaram-se positivamente cor de pele não branca (p = 0,002); anos de estudo ≤ 8 (p < 0,001); ter filhos (p < 0,001); trabalho informal (p = 0,024); não possuir plano de saúde (p < 0,001); elevada disfunção familiar (p = 0,007); AUDIT ≥ 8 (p < 0,001); depressão (p < 0,001); já ter usado droga ilícita na vida (p < 0,001); morar com outras pessoas (p = 0,003) e não possuir religião (p = 0,001). Este estudo reforça a vulnerabilidade dos fumantes investigados, ao associar variáveis correlacionadas ao âmbito da saúde mental, e inova ao discutir a influência das relações familiares na dependência nicotínica.

Care model for Primary Care workers: Convergent Care Research.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the application of the Operative Group as a care tool for the workers of Primary Health Care, with a view to the constitution of mental health care at work. METHOD: Convergent Care Research as a research process and health workers as subjects. The intervention strategy as a proposal to accommodate the mental suffering of the worker was the Operative Group. RESULTS: Two categories emerged: "Evidence of Suffering at Work" and "Group Learning: Group Reception by the Group". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The use of the Operative Group has been assertive in providing the subjects with a space for listening to adversities in the work environment and active learning of reality, reflection and confrontation of basic fears, development of a pro-change project through peer and active learning of reality.

THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS AMENDED AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY? AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has been an alternative when conservative methods of weight loss fail. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery have an increased risk of up to 6.5% of problems related to alcohol. OBJETIVE: To review the literature about the changes on alcohol consumption in this public. METHOD: Database was accessed from June of 2015 to January of 2016 by searching "bariatric surgery" AND "alcoholism", and their Portuguese equivalents. Science Direct, PubMed, Lilacs and Medline, besides manual search, were searched. To be included, the paper should have been published between 2005-2016 and related to bariatric surgery and alcoholism. Theses, dissertations, unpublished papers, case reports and theoretical studies were excluded. In 2005 there was only one review of change in alcohol metabolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There were no publications in 2006. In 2007, only one study was published, and it did not meet the inclusion criteria. In 2010, there was an increase of 13% in publications and of 20% in 2012, reaching 40% in 2013. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and incidence of alcohol consumption in relation to the postoperative time was six months to three years with higher incidence in men. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass showed greater association with increased alcohol consumption during the postoperative period. This and other studies showed that the pattern of alcohol consumption is important to be faced as a problem in bariatric surgery follow-up.

[Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use during pregnancy in a maternity hospital in Goiás, Central Brazil]. / Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de álcool durante a gestação em uma maternidade de Goiás, Brasil Central.

The scope of this article is to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use during pregnancy. It involved a cross-sectional study in a sample of 361 pregnant women in a reference service for gynecological and prenatal care. The data related to socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use and potential associated factors were collected through face-to-face interviews. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to identify factors associated with the outcome analyzed. The consumption of alcohol in the sample was 17.7% (95% CI: 95% CI: 14.1% to 22.0%). A history of pre-gestational or gestational diabetes, suicidal ideation and tobacco use in the last 30 days was associated with alcohol use during pregnancy (p < 0.05). The study showed a high prevalence of alcohol use during the current pregnancy and its association with important factors. Actions such as screening for alcohol and advice on problems associated with the use of this substance, especially during the prenatal period, can contribute to effective reduction of alcohol use in pregnant women and related maternal and fetal injuries.

O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de álcool durante a gestação. Estudo de corte transversal em uma amostra de 361 gestantes de um serviço de referência à assistência ginecológica e pré-natal. Os dados relacionados às características sociodemográficas, uso de álcool e potenciais fatores associados foram coletados por meio de entrevista face a face. Análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi utilizada para verificar os fatores associados ao desfecho analisado. O consumo de álcool na amostra estudada foi de 17,7% (IC 95%: IC 95%: 14,1-22,0%). Antecedentes de diabetes pré-gestacional ou gestacional, ideação suicida e uso de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias foi associado ao uso de álcool durante a gestação (p < 0,05). O estudo apontou alta prevalência de uso de álcool na gestação atual e a sua associação com importantes fatores. Ações como rastreio para o álcool e aconselhamentos sobre os problemas associados ao uso dessa substância principalmente no pré-natal podem contribuir para redução efetiva ou anulação do seu uso em gestantes e agravos materno-fetais relacionados.

Necessidade de cuidador entre pessoas que vivem com transtorno mental: estudo ecológico / Necesidad de cuidador en personas que viven con trastorno mental: estudio ecológico / Need for caregivers among people living with mental disorders: an ecological study

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial que apresentam dependência de cuidador e seus fatores associados. Métodos Estudo ecológico, com coleta de dados secundários de prontuários de pessoas que vivem com transtorno mental, ocorrida no ano de 2018 em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial no Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Na análise, usou-se como variável dependente "necessidade de cuidador". Resultados Na amostra de 360 prontuários, houve prevalência do sexo feminino (220; 61,1%), idade entre 35 a 59 anos (190; 52,8%), tempo de tratamento ≤5 anos (164; 45,6%), cuidado exercido por família/amigos (162; 45,0%), diagnóstico principal de transtornos psicóticos (128; 35,6%) e em uso de antipsicóticos (275; 76,4%). Na análise múltipla, permaneceram associadas as variáveis ter escolaridade não letrado/fundamental (p=0,041), possuir transtorno psicótico (p=0,009) e usar antidepressivo (p=0,026). Conclusão O estudo apontou que fatores como ser do sexo masculino, possuir escolaridade não letrado/fundamental, ter transtorno psicótico e fazer uso de antidepressivo possuem maiores índices para dependência de cuidados e devem ser considerados e investigados pela equipe dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial que presentan dependencia de cuidador y los factores asociados. Métodos Estudio ecológico, con recopilación de datos secundarios de historias clínicas de personas que viven con trastorno mental, realizada en el año 2018 en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en la región Centro-Oeste brasileña. En el análisis, se utilizó como variable dependiente "necesidad de cuidador". Resultados En la muestra de 360 historias clínicas, hubo prevalencia del sexo femenino (220; 61,1 %), edad entre 35 y 59 años (190; 52,8 %), tiempo de tratamiento ≤5 años (164; 45,6 %), cuidado ejercido por familia/amigos (162; 45,0 %), diagnóstico principal de trastornos psicóticos (128; 35,6 %) y en uso de antipsicóticos (275; 76,4 %). En el análisis múltiple, estuvieron asociadas las variables tener escolaridad no letrada/primaria (p=0,041), poseer trastorno psicótico (p=0,009) y tomar antidepresivos (p=0,026). Conclusión El estudio indicó que factores como ser de sexo masculino, tener escolaridad no letrada/primaria, tener trastorno psicótico y tomar antidepresivos poseen mayores índices para la dependencia de cuidados y deben ser considerados e investigados por el equipo de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial.

Abstract Objective To identify users of a Psychosocial Care Center who have caregiver dependence and their associated factors. Method This is an ecological study, with collection of secondary data from medical records of people living with mental disorders, which occurred in 2018 in a Psychosocial Care Center in the Brazilian Midwest. In the analysis, the dependent variable "need for caregiver" was used as a dependent variable. Results In the sample of 360 medical records, there was a prevalence of women (220; 61.1%), aged between 35 and 59 years (190; 52.8%), treatment time ≤5 years (164; 45.6%), care provided by family/friends (162; 45.0%), main diagnosis of psychotic disorders (128; 35.6%) and antipsychotic use (275; 76.4%). In the multiple analysis, the variables non-literacy/elementary school (p=0.041), having psychotic disorder (p=0.009) and antidepressant (p=0.026) remained associated. Conclusion The study pointed out that factors such as being men, non-literate/elementary school, having a psychotic disorder and using antidepressants have higher rates of dependence on care and should be considered and investigated by the Psychosocial Care Center team.

Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections in noninjecting drug users: A cross-sectional study.

The objective of this study was to investigate risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in noninjecting drug users (NIDUs), using STI diagnosis history as an indicator. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 323 NIDUs of two facilities for alcohol and/or drug dependence treatment in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All participants were interviewed about risk behaviors and STI history. Multivariable analysis was performed in order to identify predictors of STIs. Adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) with confidence intervals of 95% was obtained using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of self-reported STIs in the previous 12 months was 25.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 21.0-30.4%). A multivariable model verified that age (APR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), sexual contact with partners diagnosed with STIs (APR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.45) and injecting drug users (IDUs) (APR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01-1.31), exchange sex for money and/or drugs (APR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.21), and a history of sexual violence (APR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.04-1.32) were predictors of STIs. Elevated rates of STI history and risk behaviors were observed in NIDUs, supporting the vulnerability of this group for these infections. Public policies and health outreach should be intensified in this population, principally regular STI testing of individuals in treatment for drug dependence and their sexual partners.

Determinants of tobacco use by students.

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use by students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, carried out between 2013 and 2014, evaluates 701 public school students between 10 and 79 years of age living in a city in the countryside of the State of Goias, Midwest of Brazil. A structured questionnaire collected the data and the predictor variables were demographic data, family nucleus, religion, physical activity practice, family functionality and parental smoking. Two multivariable models were implemented, the first for occasional tobacco use and the second for regular use, acquiring the measure of prevalence ratio (PR) and their respective 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.10 were included in Poisson regression models with robust variance to obtain the adjusted PR (adPR) and 95%CI. The Wald Chi-Squared test examined the differences between proportions, and values with p < 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of occasional and regular tobacco use were 33.4% (95%CI 29.8-36.9) and 6.7% (95%CI 5.0-8.8), respectively. The factors associated with occasional tobacco consumption were age of 15 to 17 years (adPR = 1.98) and above 18 years (adPR = 3.87), male gender (adPR = 1.23), moderate family dysfunction (adPR = 1.30), high family dysfunction (adPR = 1.97) and parental smoking (adPR = 1.60). In regards to regular consumption of tobacco, age above 18 years (adPR = 4.63), lack of religion (adPR = 2.08), high family dysfunction (adPR = 2.35) and parental smoking (adPR = 2.89) remained associated. CONCLUSIONS: Students exhibit a high prevalence of occasional and regular tobacco use. This consumption relates to sociodemographic variables and family dysfunction. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e determinantes do consumo de tabaco por estudantes. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo de corte transversal, realizado entre 2013 e 2014, avaliamos 701 estudantes entre 10 e 79 anos de escolas públicas de um município do interior do estado de Goiás, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado, cujas variáveis preditoras foram: dados sociodemográficos, núcleo familiar, religião, prática de atividade física, funcionalidade familiar e pai ou mãe fumante. Foram implementados dois modelos multivariáveis, o primeiro para uso de tabaco na vida e o segundo para uso regular, obtendo-se como medida de efeito razão de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos IC95%. Variáveis com p < 0,10 foram incluídas em modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, para obtenção da RP ajustada (RPaj) e IC95%. O teste Qui-quadrado de Wald foi utilizado para testar as diferenças entre as proporções, e valores com p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: As prevalências de consumo de tabaco na vida e regular foram de 33,4% (IC95% 29,8-36,9) e 6,7% (IC95% 5,0-8,8), respectivamente. Os fatores associados ao consumo de tabaco na vida foram: idade de 15 a 17 anos (RPaj = 1,98) e superior a 18 anos (RPaj = 3,87), sexo masculino (RPaj = 1,23), moderada disfuncionalidade familiar (RPaj = 1,30), elevada disfuncionalidade familiar (RPaj = 1,97) e pai ou mãe fumante (RPaj = 1,60). Em relação ao consumo regular de tabaco, permaneceram associados a idade superior a 18 anos (RPaj = 4,63), não possuir religião (RPaj = 2,08), elevada disfuncionalidade familiar (RPaj = 2,35) e pai ou mãe fumante (RPaj = 2,89). CONCLUSÕES: Estudantes apresentam elevada prevalência de consumo de tabaco na vida e regular. Esse consumo associa-se com variáveis sociodemográficas e disfuncionalidade familiar.

Screening for common mental disorder in elderly residents in the countryside: a cross-sectional study / Rastreo de trastorno mental común en ancianos residentes en el interior: estudio transversal / Rastreamento de transtorno mental comum em idosos residentes no interior: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associated factors in the elderly in a municipality in the countryside of the Brazilian Midwest. Methods: Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional approach research, conducted with 218 elderly people. Results: The prevalence of the common mental disorder among the elderly was 25.1%; in the univariate analysis, it was higher in females (35.4%), in the age group of 80 years or older (46.1%), brown skin color (30.2%), widowed (42.6%), illiterate (47.6%), and retired (27.6%). In the multiple analysis, the variables female gender (p<0.006), age 80 years or older (p<0.036), dissatisfaction with life (p<0.009), lack of social interaction (p=0.017), and dysfunctional family (p=0.021) remained associated with CMD. Conclusion: The results revealed are helpful and contribute to the reinforcement of the need for mental health care in this population extract so growing worldwide.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de trastorno mental común y sus factores relacionados en ancianos de un municipio del interior del Medio Oeste brasileño. Métodos: Investigación de abordaje cuantitativo, observacional, transversal, realizada con 218 ancianos. Resultados: La prevalencia de trastorno mental común entre los ancianos fue de 25,1%; en el análisis univariado, fue superior en el sexo femenino (35,4%), en la franja etaria igual o superior a 80 años (46,1%), color de piel parda (30,2%), viudos (42,6%), analfabetos (47,6%) y jubilados (27,6%). En el análisis múltiple, se mantuvieron relacionados a la TMC las variables sexo femenino (p<0,006), edad igual o superior a 80 años (p<0,036), insatisfacción con la vida (p<0,009), falta de interacción social (p=0,017) y familia disfuncional (p=0,021). Conclusión: Los resultados revelados son útiles y contribuyen en el refuerzo de la necesidad de cuidados visando a la salud mental de ese extracto poblacional tan creciente mundialmente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de transtorno mental comum e seus fatores associados em idosos de um município do interior do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Métodos: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, observacional, transversal, realizada com 218 idosos. Resultados: A prevalência de transtorno mental comum entre os idosos foi de 25,1%; na análise univariada, foi superior no sexo feminino (35,4%), na faixa etária igual ou superior a 80 anos (46,1%), cor da pele parda (30,2%), viúvos (42,6%), analfabetos (47,6%) e aposentados (27,6%). Na análise múltipla, mantiveram-se associadas à TMC as variáveis sexo feminino (p<0,006), idade igual ou superior a 80 anos (p<0,036), insatisfação com a vida (p<0,009), falta de interação social (p=0,017) e família disfuncional (p=0,021). Conclusão: Os resultados revelados são úteis e contribuem no reforço da necessidade de cuidados visando à saúde mental desse extrato populacional tão crescente mundialmente.

Patterns of tobacco consumption among residents of a rural settlement: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate patterns and factors associated with tobacco consumption among residents of a rural settlement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted between September and November 2014, with 172 residents of a rural settlement in the Midwest region of Brazil. We analyzed as dependent variables tobacco consumption at some point in life; current tobacco consumption; tobacco abuse; and the high risk of nicotine dependence, with sociodemographic variables associated with tobacco use, and we applied the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use in life, current use, tobacco abuse, and high risk of nicotine dependence were 62.2%, 20.9%, 59.8%, and 10.3%, respectively. Advanced age, low education level, evangelical religion, marijuana use, hypnotic or sedative consumption, and male gender were factors associated with smoking patterns in the settlers. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of smoking patterns, evidencing the need for public policies on tobacco prevention and control in this population.

HIV Testing in Non-Injection Drug Users: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with lifetime testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in non-injection drug users (NIDU). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 323 individuals in clinics for chemical dependency in the state of Goiás in the Central-West region of Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with lifetime HIV testing. Testing for HIV was associated with age, female gender, crack use, history of sexually transmitted infections, acquaintance with people living with HIV/AIDS and/or who had died from AIDS, and history of having received some instruction on HIV/AIDS prevention methods. It was found that only 26.6% reported having access to the HIV rapid test. We concluded determinants for HIV testing must be taken into account when planning prevention and programming strategies. These include the widening of testing coverage among NIDU, educational health actions, establishment of links between sexually transmitted infection prevention services and addiction treatment services, and the use of rapid tests to help people who are in contact with the virus learn about their HIV status, enter treatment, and improve their quality of life.

Epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in truck drivers

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a sample of truck drivers in Brazil. METHODS Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 truck drivers who operate on the BR-050 highway in Brazil. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, mental health, behavioral data, and tobacco use. Then, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to verify nicotine dependence in smoking truck drivers. Logistic regression and linear regression were also used to verify factors associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days and nicotine dependence scores, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use among truck drivers was 21.1% (n = 132;95%CI: 18.1-24.5). Of the total number of smokers who responded to the FTND (n = 118; 89.4%), most had high/very high nicotinic dependence (68.6%; 95%CI: 59.8-76.3). Tobacco use was associated with absence of religion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.60; 95%CI: 1.35-5.01), employment relationship of the contract (AOR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.26-3.13); > 12 hours daily working time (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.09-2.98) and alcohol use in the previous 30 days (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.86-4.57). Irregular physical activity was associated with higher scores of nicotine dependence (β = 1.87; 95%CI: 0.55-3.19). CONCLUSION The results showed a high prevalence of tobacco use and high/very high nicotine dependence among the truck drivers.

THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS AMENDED AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY? AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW.

Background: Bariatric surgery has been an alternative when conservative methods of weight loss fail. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery have an increased risk of up to 6.5% of problems related to alcohol. Objective: Integrative review out to analyze the change of alcohol consumption in this public. Method: Database was accessed from June of 2015 to January of 2016 by searching "bariatric surgery" AND "alcoholism", and their Portuguese equivalents. ScienceDirect, PubMed, Lilacs and Medline, besides manual search, were searched. To be included, the paper should have been published between 2005-2016 and related to bariatric surgery and alcoholism. Theses, dissertations, unpublished papers, case reports and theoretical studies were excluded, and a database was subsequently composed. Results: In 2005 there was only a review of change in alcohol metabolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There were no publications in 2006. In 2007, only one study was published, and it did not meet the inclusion criteria. In 2010, there was an increase of 13% in publications and of 20% in 2012, reaching 40% in 2013. Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of alcohol consumption in relation to the postoperative time was six months to three years with higher incidence for follow-up treatment by men. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass showed greater association with increased consumption of alcohol during the postoperative period. Alcohol consumption proved to be essential to be faced in bariatric surgery.

Introdução: A cirurgia bariátrica tem-se mostrado alternativa para o insucesso dos métodos conservadores de emagrecimento. Pacientes submetidos a ela têm 6,5% aumento do risco de terem problemas relacionados ao álcool. Objetivo: Realizar revisão integrativa para verificar alteração do consumo de álcool neste publico. Método: A base de dados Science Direct, PubMed, Lilacs, Medline e busca manual foram acessadas entre os meses de junho de 2015 a janeiro de 2016 com os descritores "cirurgia bariátrica" e "alcoolismo" e equivalentes em inglês Os critérios de inclusão foram publicações entre junho de 2005 a janeiro de 2016 relacionadas à cirurgia bariátrica e ao consumo de álcool. Foram excluídas teses, dissertações, trabalhos não publicados, relatos de casos e estudos teóricos. Resultados: No ano de 2005 houve somente uma revisão relacionada à alteração do metabolismo do álcool em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Não houve publicações em 2006. Em 2007, houve uma publicação fora dos critérios desta revisão. Em 2010, observou-se aumento de 13% e 20% em 2012, atingindo 40% em 2013. Conclusão: A prevalência e a incidência do consumo de álcool em relação ao tempo de pós-operatório foi de seis meses a três anos com maior seguimento do tratamento por homens. O bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux apresentou maior associação com o aumento do consumo de álcool durante o pós-operatório. O consumo de álcool é problema que deve ser enfrentado na realização da cirurgia bariátrica.

Associação entre autoavaliação de saúde e tipos de atividades de vida diária em idosos / Association between health self-assessment and types of activities of daily living in older adults

Resumo Introdução Apesar das evidências de associação entre incapacidade funcional e autoavaliação de saúde ruim, ainda existe uma lacuna na literatura acerca da influência do tipo de atividade de vida diária na saúde dos idosos. Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde ruim de idosos e sua associação com a dependência para cada tipo de atividade da vida diária. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra probabilística de 890 idosos residentes em Goiânia. Avaliaram-se variáveis demográficas, internações, número de morbidades, atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária. Realizou-se uma análise múltipla hierarquizada, considerando como medida de efeito a razão de prevalência. Resultados A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde ruim foi de 11,5%. Os fatores associados foram: ter três ou mais doenças (RP: 4,26; 95% IC: 1,89-9,62), internação no último ano (PR: 1,59; 95% IC: 1,10-2,28), e incapacidades para: Transferir-se (RP: 2,60; 95% IC: 1,30-8,45), fazer compras (RP: 1,98; 95% IC: 1,16-3,39), usar transporte (RP: 3,86; 95% IC: 1,41-10,5), e usar telefone (RP: 1,60; 95% IC: 1,00-2,63). Conclusão A relação entre incapacidade e percepção negativa de saúde sinaliza a importância de incluí-las na avaliação de idosos em diferentes contextos da atenção à saúde, uma vez que a dependência pode refletir em alterações nas condições reais de saúde e qualidade de vida dos idosos.

Abstract Background Despite the evidence on the association between functional disability and poor self-rated health, there is still a gap on the influence of the type of activity of daily living (ADL) on the health of the elderly population. Objective To identify the negative self-assessment of health by older adults and its association with dependence on each type of ADL. Method A cross-sectional, population-based study with probabilistic data conducted with 890 elderly residents in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. The following variables were assessed: sample demography, hospitalization, number of morbidities, and basic and instrumental ADLs. A hierarchical multiple analysis was performed considering prevalence ratio (PR) as measure of effect. Results The prevalence of poor self-rated health was 11.5%. Associated factors were as follows: multimorbidity (PR: 4.26; 95% CI 1.89-9.62), hospitalization in the past year (PR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.10-2.28), and disability for transferring (PR: 2.60; 95% CI 1.30-8.45), shopping (PR: 1.98; 95% CI 1.16-3.39), use of transportation (PR: 3.86; 95% CI 1.41-10.5) and use of the telephone (PR: 1.60; 95% CI 1.00-2.63). Conclusion The association between functional disability and negative self-rated health indicate the importance of including them in the evaluation of different health care modalities, since dependence may reflect changes in the actual health conditions and quality of life of older adults.

Family functionality in oldest old household residents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with family functionality of non-institutionalized long-lived subjects, who were residents in Goiânia (GO), Brazil. METHOD: This was a population-based epidemiological study with cross-sectional outline. Evaluation scales of the functional and cognitive capacities were used. Family dynamics was measured using the Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (APGAR) instrument by making home interviews with 131 long-lived individuals. RESULTS: There was prevalence of the female gender, average of age of 83.87 years old, widowhood condition, and residence in a big family, primary schooling, and self-perception of regular health. A great amount showed independence for self-care and partial dependence for daily life instrumental activities. Family functionality prevailed with score average of 9.06 points. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, family functionality in long-lived subjects is associated with self-perception of poor/bad health, osteoporosis, and fall. Results allowed characterizing long-lived subjects' family functionality with the aim of valuing and prioritizing family as a caregiver.